Oxide electronics

Abstract:

Antiferromagnetic materials are promising platforms for the development of ultrafast spintronics and magnonics due to their robust magnetism, high-frequency relativistic dynamics, low-loss transport, and the ability to support topological textures. However, achieving deterministic control over antiferromagnetic order in thin films is a major challenge due to the formation of multidomain states stabilized by competing magnetic and destressing interactions. Thus, the successful implementation of antiferromagnetic materials necessitates careful engineering of their anisotropy. Here, we demonstrate strain-based, robust control over multiple antiferromagnetic anisotropies and nanoscale domains in the promising spintronic candidate α-Fe₂O₃ at room temperature. By applying isotropic and anisotropic in-plane strains across a broad temperature-strain phase space, we systematically tune the interplay between magneto-crystalline and magneto-elastic interactions. We observe that strain-driven control steers the system toward an aligned antiferromagnetic state, while preserving topological spin textures, such as merons, antimerons, and bimerons. We directly map the nanoscale antiferromagnetic order using linear dichroic scanning transmission X-ray microscopy integrated with in situ strain and temperature control. A Landau model and micromagnetic simulations reveal how strain reshapes the magnetic energy landscape. These findings suggest that strain could serve as a versatile control mechanism to reconfigure equilibrium or dynamic antiferromagnetic states on demand in α-Fe₂O₃ for implementation in next-generation spintronic and magnonic devices.

Abstract:

Molecular piezoelectrics are a potentially disruptive technology, enabling a new generation of self-powered electronics that are flexible, high performing, and inherently low in toxicity. Although significant efforts have been made toward understanding their structural design by targeted manipulation of phase transition behavior, the resulting achievable piezoresponse has remained limited. In this work, we use a low-symmetry, zero-dimensional (0D) inorganic framework alongside a carefully selected 'quasi-spherical' organic cation to manipulate organic-inorganic interactions and thus form the hybrid, piezoelectric material [(CH₃)₃NCH₂I]₃Bi₂I₉. Using variable-temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we demonstrate that this material simultaneously exhibits an order-disorder and displacive symmetry-breaking phase transition. This phase transition is mediated by halogen bonding between the organic and inorganic frameworks and results in a large piezoelectric response, d₃₃ = 161.5 pm/V. This value represents a 4-fold improvement on previously reported halobismuthate piezoelectrics and is comparable to those of commercial inorganic piezoelectrics, thus offering a new pathway toward low-cost, low-toxicity mechanical energy harvesting and actuating devices.

Abstract:

Ultrafast switching of ferroic phases is an active research area with technological potential. Yet, some key challenges remain, ranging from limited speeds in ferromagnets to intrinsic volatility of switched domains owing to depolarizing fields in ferroelectrics. Unlike these ferroic systems, ferroaxial materials host bistable states that preserve spatial-inversion and time-reversal symmetry and are therefore immune to depolarizing fields but also difficult to manipulate with conventional methods. We demonstrate photo-induced switching of ferroaxial order by engineering an effective axial field composed of circularly driven terahertz phonon modes. A switched ferroaxial domain remains stable for many hours and can be reversed back with a second terahertz pulse of opposite helicity. The effects demonstrated in this work may lead to the development of a robust platform for ultrafast information storage.