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LSST/Rubin Dome Bridge Installation
Credit: Rubin Obs/NSF/AURA

Dr Farrukh Azfar

Lecturer

Research theme

  • Particle astrophysics & cosmology
  • Fundamental particles and interactions

Sub department

  • Particle Physics

Research groups

  • Accelerator Neutrinos
  • Rubin-LSST
Farrukh.Azfar@physics.ox.ac.uk
Telephone: 01865 (2)73327
Denys Wilkinson Building, room 669
  • About
  • Publications

NSF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory observations of interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS (C/2025 N1)

(2025)

Authors:

Colin Orion Chandler, Pedro H Bernardinelli, Mario Jurić, Devanshi Singh, Henry H Hsieh, Ian Sullivan, R Lynne Jones, Jacob A Kurlander, Dmitrii Vavilov, Siegfried Eggl, Matthew Holman, Federica Spoto, Megan E Schwamb, Eric J Christensen, Wilson Beebe, Aaron Roodman, Kian-Tat Lim, Tim Jenness, James Bosch, Brianna Smart, Eric Bellm, Sean MacBride, Meredith L Rawls, Sarah Greenstreet, Colin Slater, Aren Heinze, Željko Ivezić, Bob Blum, Andrew Connolly, Gregory Daues, Rahil Makadia, Michelle Gower, J Bryce Kalmbach, David Monet, Michele T Bannister, Luke Dones, Rosemary C Dorsey, Wesley C Fraser, John C Forbes, Cesar Fuentes, Carrie E Holt, Laura Inno, Geraint H Jones, Matthew M Knight, Christopher J Lintott, Tim Lister, Robert Lupton, Mark Jesus Mendoza Magbanua, Renu Malhotra
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Neutrino interaction vertex reconstruction in DUNE with Pandora deep learning

The European Physical Journal C SpringerOpen 85:6 (2025) 697

Authors:

A Abed Abud, R Acciarri, MA Acero, MR Adames, G Adamov, M Adamowski, D Adams, M Adinolfi, C Adriano, A Aduszkiewicz, J Aguilar, F Akbar, F Alemanno, NS Alex, K Allison, M Alrashed, A Alton, R Alvarez, T Alves, A Aman, H Amar, P Amedo, J Anderson, C Andreopoulos, F Azfar

Abstract:

The Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries perform reconstruction of neutrino interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, which will operate four large-scale liquid argon time projection chambers at the far detector site in South Dakota, producing high-resolution images of charged particles emerging from neutrino interactions. While these high-resolution images provide excellent opportunities for physics, the complex topologies require sophisticated pattern recognition capabilities to interpret signals from the detectors as physically meaningful objects that form the inputs to physics analyses. A critical component is the identification of the neutrino interaction vertex. Subsequent reconstruction algorithms use this location to identify the individual primary particles and ensure they each result in a separate reconstructed particle. A new vertex-finding procedure described in this article integrates a U-ResNet neural network performing hit-level classification into the multi-algorithm approach used by Pandora to identify the neutrino interaction vertex. The machine learning solution is seamlessly integrated into a chain of pattern-recognition algorithms. The technique substantially outperforms the previous BDT-based solution, with a more than 20% increase in the efficiency of sub-1 cm vertex reconstruction across all neutrino flavours.
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Supernova pointing capabilities of DUNE

Physical Review D 111:9 (2025) 092006

Authors:

A Abed Abud, B Abi, R Acciarri, MA Acero, MR Adames, G Adamov, M Adamowski, D Adams, M Adinolfi, C Adriano, A Aduszkiewicz, J Aguilar, B Aimard, F Akbar, K Allison, S Alonso Monsalve, M Alrashed, A Alton, R Alvarez, T Alves, H Amar, P Amedo, J Anderson, DA Andrade, C Andreopoulos, M Andreotti, MP Andrews, F Andrianala, S Andringa, N Anfimov, A Ankowski, M Antoniassi, M Antonova, A Antoshkin, A Aranda-Fernandez, L Arellano, E Arrieta Diaz, MA Arroyave, J Asaadi, A Ashkenazi, D Asner, L Asquith, E Atkin, D Auguste, A Aurisano, V Aushev, D Autiero, F Azfar, A Back, H Back, JJ Back, I Bagaturia, L Bagby, N Balashov, S Balasubramanian, P Baldi, W Baldini, J Baldonedo, B Baller, B Bambah, R Banerjee, F Barao, G Barenboim, P Barham Alzás, GJ Barker, W Barkhouse, G Barr, J Barranco Monarca, A Barros, N Barros, D Barrow, JL Barrow, A Basharina-Freshville, A Bashyal, V Basque, C Batchelor, L Bathe-Peters, JBR Battat, F Battisti, F Bay, MCQ Bazetto, JLL Bazo Alba, JF Beacom, E Bechetoille, B Behera, E Belchior, G Bell, L Bellantoni, G Bellettini, V Bellini, O Beltramello, N Benekos, C Benitez Montiel, D Benjamin, F Bento Neves, J Berger, S Berkman, J Bernal, P Bernardini, A Bersani, S Bertolucci, M Betancourt, A Betancur Rodríguez, A Bevan, Y Bezawada, AT Bezerra, TJ Bezerra, A Bhat, V Bhatnagar, J Bhatt, M Bhattacharjee, M Bhattacharya, S Bhuller, B Bhuyan, S Biagi, J Bian, K Biery, B Bilki, M Bishai, A Bitadze, A Blake, FD Blaszczyk, GC Blazey, E Blucher, J Bogenschuetz, J Boissevain, S Bolognesi, T Bolton, L Bomben, M Bonesini, C Bonilla-Diaz, F Bonini, A Booth, F Boran, S Bordoni, R Borges Merlo, A Borkum, N Bostan, J Bracinik, D Braga, B Brahma, D Brailsford, F Bramati, A Branca, A Brandt, J Bremer, C Brew, SJ Brice, V Brio, C Brizzolari, C Bromberg, J Brooke, A Bross, G Brunetti, M Brunetti, N Buchanan, H Budd, J Buergi, D Burgardt, S Butchart, G Caceres V., I Cagnoli, T Cai, R Calabrese, J Calcutt, M Calin, L Calivers, E Calvo, A Caminata, AF Camino, W Campanelli, A Campani, A Campos Benitez, N Canci, J Capó, I Caracas, D Caratelli, D Carber, JM Carceller, G Carini, B Carlus, MF Carneiro, P Carniti, I Caro Terrazas, H Carranza, N Carrara, L Carroll, T Carroll, A Carter, E Casarejos, D Casazza, JF Castaño Forero, FA Castaño, A Castillo, C Castromonte, E Catano-Mur, C Cattadori, F Cavalier, F Cavanna, S Centro, G Cerati, C Cerna, A Cervelli, A Cervera Villanueva, K Chakraborty, S Chakraborty, M Chalifour, A Chappell, N Charitonidis, A Chatterjee, H Chen, M Chen, WC Chen, Y Chen, Z Chen-Wishart, D Cherdack, C Chi, F Chiapponi, R Chirco, N Chitirasreemadam, K Cho, S Choate, D Chokheli, PS Chong, B Chowdhury, D Christian, A Chukanov, M Chung, E Church, MF Cicala, M Cicerchia, V Cicero, R Ciolini, P Clarke, G Cline, TE Coan, AG Cocco, JAB Coelho, A Cohen, J Collazo, J Collot, E Conley, JM Conrad, M Convery, S Copello, P Cova, C Cox, L Cremaldi, L Cremonesi, JI Crespo-Anadón, M Crisler, E Cristaldo, J Crnkovic, G Crone, R Cross, A Cudd, C Cuesta, Y Cui, F Curciarello, D Cussans, J Dai, O Dalager, R Dallavalle, W Dallaway, H da Motta, ZA Dar, R Darby, L Da Silva Peres, Q David, GS Davies, S Davini, J Dawson, R De Aguiar, P De Almeida, P Debbins, I De Bonis, MP Decowski, A de Gouvêa, PC De Holanda, IL De Icaza Astiz, P De Jong, P Del Amo Sanchez, A De la Torre, G De Lauretis, A Delbart, D Delepine, M Delgado, A Dell’Acqua, G Delle Monache, N Delmonte, P De Lurgio, R Demario, G De Matteis, JRT de Mello Neto, DM DeMuth, S Dennis, C Densham, P Denton, GW Deptuch, A De Roeck, V De Romeri, JP Detje, J Devine, R Dharmapalan, M Dias, A Diaz, JS Díaz, F Díaz, F Di Capua, A Di Domenico, S Di Domizio, S Di Falco, L Di Giulio, P Ding, L Di Noto, E Diociaiuti, C Distefano, R Diurba, M Diwan, Z Djurcic, D Doering, S Dolan, F Dolek, MJ Dolinski, D Domenici, L Domine, S Donati, Y Donon, S Doran, D Douglas, TA Doyle, A Dragone, F Drielsma, L Duarte, D Duchesneau, K Duffy, K Dugas, P Dunne, B Dutta, H Duyang, DA Dwyer, AS Dyshkant, S Dytman, M Eads, A Earle, S Edayath, D Edmunds, J Eisch, P Englezos, A Ereditato, T Erjavec, CO Escobar, JJ Evans, E Ewart, AC Ezeribe, K Fahey, L Fajt, A Falcone, M Fani´, C Farnese, S Farrell, Y Farzan, D Fedoseev, J Felix, Y Feng, E Fernandez-Martinez, G Ferry, L Fields, P Filip, A Filkins, F Filthaut, R Fine, G Fiorillo, M Fiorini, S Fogarty, W Foreman, J Fowler, J Franc, K Francis, D Franco, J Franklin, J Freeman, J Fried, A Friedland, S Fuess, IK Furic, K Furman, AP Furmanski, R Gaba, A Gabrielli, AM Gago, F Galizzi, H Gallagher, A Gallas, N Gallice, V Galymov, E Gamberini, T Gamble, F Ganacim, R Gandhi, S Ganguly, F Gao, S Gao, D Garcia-Gamez, MÁ García-Peris, F Gardim, S Gardiner, D Gastler, A Gauch, J Gauvreau, P Gauzzi, S Gazzana, G Ge, N Geffroy, B Gelli, S Gent, L Gerlach, Z Ghorbani-Moghaddam, T Giammaria, D Gibin, I Gil-Botella, S Gilligan, A Gioiosa, S Giovannella, C Girerd, AK Giri, C Giugliano, V Giusti, D Gnani, O Gogota, S Gollapinni, K Gollwitzer, RA Gomes, LV Gomez Bermeo, LS Gomez Fajardo, F Gonnella, D Gonzalez-Diaz, M Gonzalez-Lopez, MC Goodman, S Goswami, C Gotti, J Goudeau, E Goudzovski, C Grace, E Gramellini, R Gran, E Granados, P Granger, C Grant, DR Gratieri, G Grauso, P Green, S Greenberg, J Greer, WC Griffith, FT Groetschla, K Grzelak, L Gu, W Gu, V Guarino, M Guarise, R Guenette, E Guerard, M Guerzoni, D Guffanti, A Guglielmi, B Guo, Y Guo, A Gupta, V Gupta, G Gurung, D Gutierrez, P Guzowski, MM Guzzo, S Gwon, A Habig, H Hadavand, L Haegel, R Haenni, L Hagaman, A Hahn, J Haiston, J Hakenmüller, T Hamernik, P Hamilton, J Hancock, F Happacher, DA Harris, J Hartnell, T Hartnett, J Harton, T Hasegawa, C Hasnip, R Hatcher, K Hayrapetyan, J Hays, E Hazen, M He, A Heavey, KM Heeger, J Heise, S Henry, MA Hernandez Morquecho, K Herner, V Hewes, A Higuera, C Hilgenberg, SJ Hillier, A Himmel, E Hinkle, LR Hirsch, J Ho, J Hoff, A Holin, T Holvey, E Hoppe, S Horiuchi, GA Horton-Smith, M Hostert, T Houdy, B Howard, R Howell, I Hristova, MS Hronek, J Huang, RG Huang, Z Hulcher, M Ibrahim, G Iles, N Ilic, AM Iliescu, R Illingworth, G Ingratta, A Ioannisian, B Irwin, L Isenhower, M Ismerio Oliveira, R Itay, CM Jackson, V Jain, E James, W Jang, B Jargowsky, D Jena, I Jentz, X Ji, C Jiang, J Jiang, L Jiang, A Jipa, FR Joaquim, W Johnson, C Jollet, B Jones, R Jones, D José Fernández, N Jovancevic, M Judah, CK Jung, T Junk, Y Jwa, M Kabirnezhad, AC Kaboth, I Kadenko, I Kakorin, A Kalitkina, D Kalra, M Kandemir, DM Kaplan, G Karagiorgi, G Karaman, A Karcher, Y Karyotakis, S Kasai, SP Kasetti, L Kashur, I Katsioulas, A Kauther, N Kazaryan, L Ke, E Kearns, PT Keener, KJ Kelly, E Kemp, O Kemularia, Y Kermaidic, W Ketchum, SH Kettell, M Khabibullin, N Khan, A Khvedelidze, D Kim, J Kim, B King, B Kirby, M Kirby, A Kish, J Klein, J Kleykamp, A Klustova, T Kobilarcik, L Koch, K Koehler, LW Koerner, DH Koh, L Kolupaeva, D Korablev, M Kordosky, T Kosc, U Kose, VA Kostelecký, K Kothekar, I Kotler, M Kovalcuk, V Kozhukalov, W Krah, R Kralik, M Kramer, L Kreczko, F Krennrich, I Kreslo, T Kroupova, S Kubota, M Kubu, Y Kudenko, VA Kudryavtsev, G Kufatty, S Kuhlmann, J Kumar, P Kumar, S Kumaran, P Kunze, J Kunzmann, R Kuravi, N Kurita, C Kuruppu, V Kus, T Kutter, J Kvasnicka, T Labree, T Lackey, A Lambert, BJ Land, CE Lane, N Lane, K Lang, T Langford, M Langstaff, F Lanni, O Lantwin, J Larkin, P Lasorak, D Last, A Laudrain, A Laundrie, G Laurenti, E Lavaut, A Lawrence, P Laycock, I Lazanu, M Lazzaroni, T Le, S Leardini, J Learned, T LeCompte, C Lee, V Legin, G Lehmann Miotto, R Lehnert, MA Leigui de Oliveira, M Leitner, D Leon Silverio, LM Lepin, J-Y Li, SW Li, Y Li, H Liao, CS Lin, D Lindebaum, S Linden, RA Lineros, J Ling, A Lister, BR Littlejohn, H Liu, J Liu, Y Liu, S Lockwitz, M Lokajicek, I Lomidze, K Long, TV Lopes, J Lopez, I López de Rego, N López-March, T Lord, JM LoSecco, WC Louis, A Lozano Sanchez, X-G Lu, KB Luk, B Lunday, X Luo, E Luppi, J Maalmi, D MacFarlane, AA Machado, P Machado, CT Macias, JR Macier, M MacMahon, A Maddalena, A Madera, P Madigan, S Magill, C Magueur, K Mahn, A Maio, A Major, K Majumdar, M Man, RC Mandujano, J Maneira, S Manly, A Mann, K Manolopoulos, M Manrique Plata, S Manthey Corchado, VN Manyam, M Marchan, A Marchionni, W Marciano, D Marfatia, C Mariani, J Maricic, F Marinho, AD Marino, T Markiewicz, F Das Chagas Marques, C Marquet, D Marsden, M Marshak, CM Marshall, J Marshall, L Martina, J Martín-Albo, N Martinez, DA Martinez Caicedo, F Martínez López, P Martínez Miravé, S Martynenko, V Mascagna, C Massari, A Mastbaum, F Matichard, S Matsuno, G Matteucci, J Matthews, C Mauger, N Mauri, K Mavrokoridis, I Mawby, R Mazza, A Mazzacane, T McAskill, N McConkey, KS McFarland, C McGrew, A McNab, L Meazza, VCN Meddage, B Mehta, P Mehta, P Melas, O Mena, H Mendez, P Mendez, DP Méndez, A Menegolli, G Meng, ACEA Mercuri, A Meregaglia, MD Messier, S Metallo, J Metcalf, W Metcalf, M Mewes, H Meyer, T Miao, A Miccoli, G Michna, V Mikola, R Milincic, F Miller, G Miller, W Miller, O Mineev, A Minotti, L Miralles, OG Miranda, C Mironov, S Miryala, S Miscetti, CS Mishra, SR Mishra, A Mislivec, M Mitchell, D Mladenov, I Mocioiu, A Mogan, N Moggi, R Mohanta, TA Mohayai, N Mokhov, J Molina, L Molina Bueno, E Montagna, A Montanari, C Montanari, D Montanari, D Montanino, LM Montaño Zetina, M Mooney, AF Moor, Z Moore, D Moreno, O Moreno-Palacios, L Morescalchi, D Moretti, R Moretti, C Morris, C Mossey, M Mote, CA Moura, G Mouster, W Mu, L Mualem, J Mueller, M Muether, F Muheim, A Muir, M Mulhearn, D Munford, LJ Munteanu, H Muramatsu, J Muraz, M Murphy, T Murphy, J Muse, A Mytilinaki, J Nachtman, Y Nagai, S Nagu, R Nandakumar, D Naples, S Narita, A Nath, A Navrer-Agasson, N Nayak, M Nebot-Guinot, A Nehm, JK Nelson, O Neogi, J Nesbit, M Nessi, D Newbold, M Newcomer, R Nichol, F Nicolas-Arnaldos, A Nikolica, J Nikolov, E Niner, K Nishimura, A Norman, A Norrick, P Novella, JA Nowak, M Oberling, JP Ochoa-Ricoux, S Oh, SB Oh, A Olivier, A Olshevskiy, T Olson, Y Onel, Y Onishchuk, A Oranday, M Osbiston, JA Osorio Vélez, L Otiniano Ormachea, J Ott, L Pagani, G Palacio, O Palamara, S Palestini, JM Paley, M Pallavicini, C Palomares, S Pan, P Panda, W Panduro Vazquez, E Pantic, V Paolone, V Papadimitriou, R Papaleo, A Papanestis, D Papoulias, S Paramesvaran, A Paris, S Parke, E Parozzi, S Parsa, Z Parsa, S Parveen, M Parvu, D Pasciuto, S Pascoli, L Pasqualini, J Pasternak, C Patrick, L Patrizii, RB Patterson, T Patzak, A Paudel, L Paulucci, Z Pavlovic, G Pawloski, D Payne, V Pec, E Pedreschi, SJM Peeters, W Pellico, A Pena Perez, E Pennacchio, A Penzo, OLG Peres, YF Perez Gonzalez, L Pérez-Molina, C Pernas, J Perry, D Pershey, G Pessina, G Petrillo, C Petta, R Petti, M Pfaff, V Pia, L Pickering, F Pietropaolo, VL Pimentel, G Pinaroli, J Pinchault, K Pitts, K Plows, R Plunkett, C Pollack, T Pollman, D Polo-Toledo, F Pompa, X Pons, N Poonthottathil, V Popov, F Poppi, J Porter, M Potekhin, R Potenza, J Pozimski, M Pozzato, T Prakash, C Pratt, M Prest, F Psihas, D Pugnere, X Qian, J Queen, JL Raaf, V Radeka, J Rademacker, B Radics, A Rafique, E Raguzin, M Rai, S Rajagopalan, M Rajaoalisoa, I Rakhno, L Rakotondravohitra, L Ralte, MA Ramirez Delgado, B Ramson, A Rappoldi, G Raselli, P Ratoff, R Ray, H Razafinime, EM Rea, JS Real, B Rebel, R Rechenmacher, M Reggiani-Guzzo, J Reichenbacher, SD Reitzner, H Rejeb Sfar, E Renner, A Renshaw, S Rescia, F Resnati, Diego Restrepo, C Reynolds, M Ribas, S Riboldi, C Riccio, G Riccobene, JS Ricol, M Rigan, EV Rincón, A Ritchie-Yates, S Ritter, D Rivera, R Rivera, A Robert, JL Rocabado Rocha, L Rochester, M Roda, P Rodrigues, MJ Rodriguez Alonso, J Rodriguez Rondon, AJ Roeth, S Rosauro-Alcaraz, P Rosier, D Ross, M Rossella, M Rossi, M Ross-Lonergan, N Roy, P Roy, C Rubbia, A Ruggeri, G Ruiz Ferreira, B Russell, D Ruterbories, A Rybnikov, A Saa-Hernandez, R Saakyan, S Sacerdoti, SK Sahoo, N Sahu, P Sala, N Samios, O Samoylov, MC Sanchez, A Sánchez Bravo, P Sanchez-Lucas, V Sandberg, DA Sanders, S Sanfilippo, D Sankey, D Santoro, N Saoulidou, P Sapienza, C Sarasty, I Sarcevic, I Sarra, G Savage, V Savinov, G Scanavini, A Scaramelli, A Scarff, T Schefke, H Schellman, S Schifano, P Schlabach, D Schmitz, AW Schneider, K Scholberg, A Schukraft, B Schuld, A Segade, E Segreto, A Selyunin, CR Senise, J Sensenig, MH Shaevitz, P Shanahan, P Sharma, R Kumar, K Shaw, T Shaw, K Shchablo, J Shen, C Shepherd-Themistocleous, A Sheshukov, W Shi, S Shin, S Shivakoti, I Shoemaker, D Shooltz, R Shrock, B Siddi, M Siden, J Silber, L Simard, J Sinclair, G Sinev, Jaydip Singh, J Singh, L Singh, P Singh, V Singh, S Singh Chauhan, R Sipos, C Sironneau, G Sirri, K Siyeon, K Skarpaas, J Smedley, E Smith, J Smith, P Smith, J Smolik, M Smy, M Snape, EL Snider, P Snopok, D Snowden-Ifft, M Soares Nunes, H Sobel, M Soderberg, S Sokolov, CJ Solano Salinas, S Söldner-Rembold, SR Soleti, N Solomey, V Solovov, WE Sondheim, M Sorel, A Sotnikov, J Soto-Oton, A Sousa, K Soustruznik, F Spinella, J Spitz, NJC Spooner, K Spurgeon, D Stalder, M Stancari, L Stanco, J Steenis, R Stein, HM Steiner, AF Steklain Lisbôa, A Stepanova, J Stewart, B Stillwell, J Stock, F Stocker, T Stokes, M Strait, T Strauss, L Strigari, A Stuart, JG Suarez, J Subash, A Surdo, L Suter, CM Sutera, K Sutton, Y Suvorov, R Svoboda, SK Swain, B Szczerbinska, AM Szelc, A Sztuc, A Taffara, N Talukdar, J Tamara, HA Tanaka, S Tang, N Taniuchi, AM Tapia Casanova, B Tapia Oregui, A Tapper, S Tariq, E Tarpara, E Tatar, R Tayloe, D Tedeschi, AM Teklu, J Tena Vidal, P Tennessen, M Tenti, K Terao, F Terranova, G Testera, T Thakore, A Thea, A Thiebault, S Thomas, A Thompson, C Thorn, SC Timm, E Tiras, V Tishchenko, N Todorović, L Tomassetti, A Tonazzo, D Torbunov, M Torti, M Tortola, F Tortorici, N Tosi, D Totani, M Toups, C Touramanis, D Tran, R Travaglini, J Trevor, E Triller, S Trilov, J Truchon, D Truncali, WH Trzaska, Y Tsai, Y-T Tsai, Z Tsamalaidze, KV Tsang, N Tsverava, SZ Tu, S Tufanli, C Tunnell, J Turner, M Tuzi, J Tyler, E Tyley, M Tzanov, MA Uchida, J Ureña González, J Urheim, T Usher, H Utaegbulam, S Uzunyan, MR Vagins, P Vahle, S Valder, GA Valdiviesso, E Valencia, R Valentim, Z Vallari, E Vallazza, JWF Valle, R Van Berg, RG Van de Water, DV Forero, A Vannozzi, M Van Nuland-Troost, F Varanini, D Vargas Oliva, S Vasina, N Vaughan, K Vaziri, A Vázquez-Ramos, J Vega, S Ventura, A Verdugo, S Vergani, M Verzocchi, K Vetter, M Vicenzi, H Vieira de Souza, C Vignoli, C Vilela, E Villa, S Viola, B Viren, A Vizcaya-Hernandez, T Vrba, Q Vuong, AV Waldron, M Wallbank, J Walsh, T Walton, H Wang, J Wang, L Wang, MHLS Wang, X Wang, Y Wang, K Warburton, D Warner, L Warsame, MO Wascko, D Waters, A Watson, K Wawrowska, A Weber, CM Weber, M Weber, H Wei, A Weinstein, H Wenzel, S Westerdale, M Wetstein, K Whalen, J Whilhelmi, A White, A White, LH Whitehead, D Whittington, MJ Wilking, A Wilkinson, C Wilkinson, F Wilson, RJ Wilson, P Winter, W Wisniewski, J Wolcott, J Wolfs, T Wongjirad, A Wood, K Wood, E Worcester, M Worcester, M Wospakrik, K Wresilo, C Wret, S Wu, W Wu, W Wu, M Wurm, J Wyenberg, Y Xiao, I Xiotidis, B Yaeggy, N Yahlali, E Yandel, K Yang, T Yang, A Yankelevich, N Yershov, K Yonehara, T Young, B Yu, H Yu, J Yu, Y Yu, W Yuan, R Zaki, J Zalesak, L Zambelli, B Zamorano, A Zani, O Zapata, L Zazueta, GP Zeller, J Zennamo, K Zeug, C Zhang, S Zhang, M Zhao, E Zhivun, ED Zimmerman, S Zucchelli, J Zuklin, V Zutshi, R Zwaska
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The track-length extension fitting algorithm for energy measurement of interacting particles in liquid argon TPCs and its performance with ProtoDUNE-SP data

Journal of Instrumentation IOP Publishing 20:02 (2025) P02021

Authors:

A Abed Abud, B Abi, R Acciarri, MA Acero, MR Adames, G Adamov, M Adamowski, D Adams, M Adinolfi, C Adriano, A Aduszkiewicz, J Aguilar, F Akbar, NS Alex, K Allison, S Alonso Monsalve, M Alrashed, A Alton, R Alvarez, T Alves, H Amar, P Amedo, J Anderson, C Andreopoulos, F Azfar

Abstract:

This paper introduces a novel track-length extension fitting algorithm for measuring the kinetic energies of inelastically interacting particles in liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs). The algorithm finds the most probable offset in track length for a track-like object by comparing the measured ionization density as a function of position with a theoretical prediction of the energy loss as a function of the energy, including models of electron recombination and detector response. The algorithm can be used to measure the energies of particles that interact before they stop, such as charged pions that are absorbed by argon nuclei. The algorithm's energy measurement resolutions and fractional biases are presented as functions of particle kinetic energy and number of track hits using samples of stopping secondary charged pions in data collected by the ProtoDUNE-SP detector, and also in a detailed simulation. Additional studies describe the impact of the dE/dx model on energy measurement performance. The method described in this paper to characterize the energy measurement performance can be repeated in any LArTPC experiment using stopping secondary charged pions.
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DUNE Phase II: scientific opportunities, detector concepts, technological solutions

Journal of Instrumentation IOP Publishing 19:12 (2024) P12005

Authors:

A Abed Abud, B Abi, R Acciarri, MA Acero, MR Adames, G Adamov, M Adamowski, D Adams, M Adinolfi, C Adriano, A Aduszkiewicz, J Aguilar, F Akbar, K Allison, S Alonso Monsalve, M Alrashed, A Alton, R Alvarez, T Alves, H Amar, P Amedo, J Anderson, C Andreopoulos, M Andreotti, F Azfar

Abstract:

The international collaboration designing and constructing the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) has developed a two-phase strategy toward the implementation of this leading-edge, large-scale science project. The 2023 report of the US Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) reaffirmed this vision and strongly endorsed DUNE Phase I and Phase II, as did the European Strategy for Particle Physics. While the construction of the DUNE Phase I is well underway, this White Paper focuses on DUNE Phase II planning. DUNE Phase-II consists of a third and fourth far detector (FD) module, an upgraded near detector complex, and an enhanced 2.1 MW beam. The fourth FD module is conceived as a “Module of Opportunity”, aimed at expanding the physics opportunities, in addition to supporting the core DUNE science program, with more advanced technologies. This document highlights the increased science opportunities offered by the DUNE Phase II near and far detectors, including long-baseline neutrino oscillation physics, neutrino astrophysics, and physics beyond the standard model. It describes the DUNE Phase II near and far detector technologies and detector design concepts that are currently under consideration. A summary of key R&D goals and prototyping phases needed to realize the Phase II detector technical designs is also provided. DUNE's Phase II detectors, along with the increased beam power, will complete the full scope of DUNE, enabling a multi-decadal program of groundbreaking science with neutrinos.
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