Andre Barros Penafiel

Abstract:

The 1572 editions of Os Lusíadas are at the centre of a well-known polemic. Yet discussions have privileged comparison of errors and textual collation. This article inaugurates a research project applying in-depth bibliographical analysis to a large sample of exemplars. It conducts a census, compiling information on forty-six exemplars, including some hitherto unrecorded, and explains which material aspects are being documented. It summarizes how paper has been studied and explains how different methodologies were combined to document the paper types of Os Lusíadas. Finally, it proposes that António Gonçalves printed the first edition of Camões's epic in three separate stages.

Abstract:

Galician-Portuguese manuscript tradition is mainly composed of three exceptionally similar songbooks with regards to their selection and order of lyric texts. Based on these similarities, nineteenth-century scholars already posited lost manuscripts which could account for so many coincidences. Our understanding of the manuscripts’ genealogy improved substantially since the 1960s, when the relationship between the three main extant manuscripts was established in general terms. It has been enriched further in recent years with studies on codicology, graphematics and the structure of songbooks. This article focuses on medieval compilation as a complementary contribution to the on-going debate. Based on a codicological analysis of the Cancioneiro da Ajuda, it argues that the modus operandi of the team responsible for making the songbook varied. It then questions whether a compilator was part of this team and if his modus operandi also changed. The article then compares the contents of the Cancioneiro da Ajuda with those of the other two Italian songbooks, and connects variations in the texts with codicological variations. It argues that the Cancioneiro da Ajuda, its ancestor and the ancestor for the Italian manuscripts were not merely a sequence of copies, but actively compiled poetry from loose sheets, which caused substantial differences in the surviving manuscripts. The study establishes with greater precision the relationship between the three extant songbooks and points out that such relationship varies considerably depending on which specific poem is being compared

Abstract:

Book review of 'Portuguese Studies on Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts' by Maria Adelaide Miranda and Alicia Miguélez Cavero

Abstract:

Buscamos aqui elucidar o parentesco entre o Cancioneiro da Ajuda (CA), o Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional (CBN) e o Cancioneiro da Vaticana (CV), através de seus ancestrais mais remotos, hoje perdidos, a partir da análise de partes do Cancioneiro da Ajuda. Não propomos uma descrição codicológica exaustiva do manuscrito. O que buscamos é com a análise codicológica deduzir o modus operandi da equipe responsável pela confecção do manuscrito. Não fazemos inferências sobre a própria equipe. Satisfazemo-nos em responder: haveria um único modus operandi ao longo do cancioneiro ou vários? E, identificada a variedade, haveria algum nexo entre as mudanças físicas no trabalho desta equipe e o trabalho de compilação?

Abstract:

As lacunas do Cancioneiro da Ajuda, manuscrito ibérico produzido por volta de 1300 e uma das principais fontes da lírica galego-portuguesa, têm desafiado especialistas ao longo dos anos. O manuscrito possui elevado número de meias-folhas. O presente artigo oferece um estudo codicológico comparativo acerca de variados formatos de cadernos em códices de pergaminho confeccionados por scriptoria medievais. A partir de breve tipologia de cadernos, deduz-se em que circunstâncias poder-se-iam empregar meias-folhas ao invés de bifólios. Estabelece-se então uma metodologia descritiva capaz de guiar codicologistas que se deparem com situações análogas. São analisados, em seguida, seis casos de meias-folhas no Cancioneiro da Ajuda, exemplos que ilustram uma gama de situações, desde intervenções medievais a claro dano pós-medieval. Pretende-se com isso sistematizar o estudo de meias-folhas, fornecer ferramentas analíticas e descritivas a codicologistas em geral e rever a questão específica das lacunas não textuais neste cancioneiro.

The Cancioneiro da Ajuda is a thirteenth-century Iberian manuscript and an important source for Galician-Portuguese secular lyric. It has a large number of half sheets, that is, single leaves. This article presents a comparative codicological study of medieval parchment codices, offering a brief catalogue of gathering structures involving half sheets, and suggesting reasons why half sheets would have been used instead of bifolia. This leads to a descriptive methodology of use to codicologists working with similar phenomena. Following this methodology, six half sheets from the Cancioneiro da Ajuda are analysed, revealing how bifolia were turned into half sheets in medieval and post-medieval times and presenting evidence for considering some individual folios to be inserted half sheets rather than damaged bifolia. Overall, it intends to systematize the study of half sheets in medieval codices, to equip codicologists in general with a descriptive and analytical tool for the study of half sheets and to critique the specific problem of putative lacunae in the Cancioneiro da Ajuda for which no textual evidence is found.