Doping Liquid Argon with Xenon in ProtoDUNE Single-Phase: Effects on Scintillation Light

(2024)

Authors:

DUNE Collaboration, A Abed Abud, B Abi, R Acciarri, MA Acero, MR Adames, G Adamov, M Adamowski, D Adams, M Adinolfi, C Adriano, A Aduszkiewicz, J Aguilar, B Aimard, F Akbar, K Allison, S Alonso Monsalve, M Alrashed, A Alton, R Alvarez, H Amar Es-sghir, P Amedo, J Anderson, DA Andrade, C Andreopoulos, M Andreotti, MP Andrews, F Andrianala, S Andringa, N Anfimov, A Ankowski, M Antoniassi, M Antonova, A Antoshkin, A Aranda-Fernandez, L Arellano, E Arrieta Diaz, MA Arroyave, J Asaadi, A Ashkenazi, L Asquith, E Atkin, D Auguste, A Aurisano, V Aushev, D Autiero, F Azfar, A Back, H Back, JJ Back, I Bagaturia, L Bagby, N Balashov, S Balasubramanian, P Baldi, W Baldini, B Baller, B Bambah, R Banerjee, F Barao, G Barenboim, P BarhamAlzás, GJ Barker, W Barkhouse, G Barr, J Barranco Monarca, A Barros, N Barros, D Barrow, JL Barrow, A Basharina-Freshville, A Bashyal, V Basque, C Batchelor, L Bathe-Peters, JBR Battat, F Battisti, F Bay, MCQ Bazetto, JLL Bazo Alba, JF Beacom, E Bechetoille, B Behera, E Belchior, G Bell, L Bellantoni, G Bellettini, V Bellini, O Beltramello, N Benekos, C Benitez Montiel, D Benjamin, F Bento Neves, J Berger, S Berkman, P Bernardini, A Bersani, S Bertolucci, M Betancourt, A Betancur Rodríguez, A Bevan, Y Bezawada, AT Bezerra, TJ Bezerra, A Bhat, V Bhatnagar, J Bhatt, M Bhattacharjee, M Bhattacharya, S Bhuller, B Bhuyan, S Biagi, J Bian, K Biery, B Bilki, M Bishai, A Bitadze, A Blake, FD Blaszczyk, GC Blazey, E Blucher, J Boissevain, S Bolognesi, T Bolton, L Bomben, M Bonesini, C Bonilla-Diaz, F Bonini, A Booth, F Boran, S Bordoni, R Borges Merlo, A Borkum, N Bostan, J Bracinik, D Braga, B Brahma, D Brailsford, F Bramati, A Branca, A Brandt, J Bremer, C Brew, SJ Brice, V Brio, C Brizzolari, C Bromberg, J Brooke, A Bross, G Brunetti, M Brunetti, N Buchanan, H Budd, J Buergi, D Burgardt, S Butchart, G Caceres V., I Cagnoli, T Cai, R Calabrese, J Calcutt, M Calin, L Calivers, E Calvo, A Caminata, W Campanelli, A Campos Benitez, N Canci, J Capó, I Caracas, D Caratelli, D Carber, JM Carceller, G Carini, B Carlus, MF Carneiro, P Carniti, I Caro Terrazas, H Carranza, N Carrara, L Carroll, T Carroll, A Carter, D Casazza, JF Castaño Forero, FA Castaño, A Castillo, C Castromonte, E Catano-Mur, C Cattadori, F Cavalier, F Cavanna, S Centro, G Cerati, A Cervelli, A Cervera Villanueva, K Chakraborty, M Chalifour, A Chappell, N Charitonidis, A Chatterjee, H Chen, M Chen, WC Chen, Y Chen, Z Chen-Wishart, D Cherdack, C Chi, R Chirco, N Chitirasreemadam, K Cho, S Choate, D Chokheli, PS Chong, B Chowdhury, D Christian, A Chukanov, M Chung, E Church, MF Cicala, M Cicerchia, V Cicero, R Ciolini, J Clair, P Clarke, G Cline, TE Coan, AG Cocco, JAB Coelho, A Cohen, J Collot, E Conley, JM Conrad, M Convery, P Cooke, S Copello, P Cova, C Cox, L Cremaldi, L Cremonesi, JI Crespo-Anadón, M Crisler, E Cristaldo, J Crnkovic, G Crone, R Cross, A Cudd, C Cuesta, Y Cui, D Cussans, J Dai, O Dalager, R Dallavalle, H da Motta, ZA Dar, R Darby, L Da Silva Peres, Q David, GS Davies, S Davini, J Dawson, R De Aguiar, P De Almeida, P Debbins, I De Bonis, MP Decowski, A de Gouvêa, PC De Holanda, IL De Icaza Astiz, P De Jong, A De la Torre, A Delbart, D Delepine, M Delgado, A Dell'Acqua, G Delle Monache, N Delmonte, P De Lurgio, R Demario, JRT de Mello Neto, DM DeMuth, S Dennis, C Densham, P Denton, GW Deptuch, A De Roeck, V De Romeri, JP Detje, J Devine, R Dharmapalan, M Dias, JS Díaz, F Díaz, F Di Capua, A Di Domenico, S Di Domizio, S Di Falco, L Di Giulio, P Ding, L Di Noto, E Diociaiuti, C Distefano, R Diurba, M Diwan, Z Djurcic, D Doering, S Dolan, F Dolek, MJ Dolinski, D Domenici, L Domine, S Donati, Y Donon, S Doran, D Douglas, TA Doyle, A Dragone, F Drielsma, L Duarte, D Duchesneau, K Duffy, K Dugas, P Dunne, B Dutta, H Duyang, O Dvornikov, DA Dwyer, AS Dyshkant, S Dytman, M Eads, A Earle, S Edayath, D Edmunds, J Eisch, P Englezos, A Ereditato, T Erjavec, CO Escobar, JJ Evans, E Ewart, AC Ezeribe, K Fahey, L Fajt, A Falcone, M Fani', C Farnese, Y Farzan, D Fedoseev, J Felix, Y Feng, E Fernandez-Martinez, F Ferraro, G Ferry, L Fields, P Filip, A Filkins, F Filthaut, R Fine, G Fiorillo, M Fiorini, S Fogarty, W Foreman, J Fowler, J Franc, K Francis, D Franco, J Franklin, J Freeman, J Fried, A Friedland, S Fuess, IK Furic, K Furman, AP Furmanski, A Gabrielli, AM Gago, F Galizzi, H Gallagher, A Gallas, N Gallice, V Galymov, E Gamberini, T Gamble, F Ganacim, R Gandhi, S Ganguly, F Gao, S Gao, D Garcia-Gamez, MÁ García-Peris, F Gardim, S Gardiner, D Gastler, A Gauch, J Gauvreau, P Gauzzi, G Ge, N Geffroy, B Gelli, S Gent, L Gerlach, Z Ghorbani-Moghaddam, P Giammaria, T Giammaria, D Gibin, I Gil-Botella, S Gilligan, A Gioiosa, S Giovannella, C Girerd, AK Giri, C Giugliano, V Giusti, D Gnani, O Gogota, S Gollapinni, K Gollwitzer, RA Gomes, LV Gomez Bermeo, LS Gomez Fajardo, F Gonnella, D Gonzalez-Diaz, M Gonzalez-Lopez, MC Goodman, S Goswami, C Gotti, J Goudeau, E Goudzovski, C Grace, E Gramellini, R Gran, E Granados, P Granger, C Grant, DR Gratieri, G Grauso, P Green, S Greenberg, J Greer, WC Griffith, FT Groetschla, K Grzelak, W Gu, V Guarino, M Guarise, R Guenette, E Guerard, M Guerzoni, D Guffanti, A Guglielmi, B Guo, Y Guo, A Gupta, V Gupta, G Gurung, D Gutierrez, P Guzowski, MM Guzzo, S Gwon, K Haaf, A Habig, H Hadavand, R Haenni, L Hagaman, A Hahn, J Haiston, J Hakenmueller, T Hamernik, P Hamilton, J Hancock, F Happacher, DA Harris, J Hartnell, T Hartnett, J Harton, T Hasegawa, C Hasnip, R Hatcher, K Hayrapetyan, J Hays, E Hazen, M He, A Heavey, KM Heeger, J Heise, S Henry, MA Hernandez Morquecho, K Herner, V Hewes, A Higuera, C Hilgenberg, SJ Hillier, A Himmel, E Hinkle, LR Hirsch, J Ho, J Hoff, A Holin, T Holvey, E Hoppe, GA Horton-Smith, M Hostert, T Houdy, B Howard, R Howell, I Hristova, MS Hronek, J Huang, RG Huang, Z Hulcher, M Ibrahim, G Iles, N Ilic, AM Iliescu, R Illingworth, G Ingratta, A Ioannisian, B Irwin, L Isenhower, M Ismerio Oliveira, R Itay, CM Jackson, V Jain, E James, W Jang, B Jargowsky, D Jena, X Ji, C Jiang, J Jiang, L Jiang, A Jipa, FR Joaquim, W Johnson, B Jones, R Jones, D José Fernández, N Jovancevic, M Judah, CK Jung, T Junk, Y Jwa, M Kabirnezhad, AC Kaboth, I Kadenko, I Kakorin, A Kalitkina, D Kalra, F Kamiya, M Kandemir, DM Kaplan, G Karagiorgi, G Karaman, A Karcher, Y Karyotakis, S Kasai, SP Kasetti, L Kashur, I Katsioulas, A Kauther, N Kazaryan, L Ke, E Kearns, PT Keener, KJ Kelly, E Kemp, O Kemularia, Y Kermaidic, W Ketchum, SH Kettell, M Khabibullin, N Khan, A Khvedelidze, D Kim, J Kim, B King, B Kirby, M Kirby, J Klein, J Kleykamp, A Klustova, T Kobilarcik, L Koch, K Koehler, LW Koerner, DH Koh, L Kolupaeva, D Korablev, M Kordosky, T Kosc, U Kose, VA Kostelecký, K Kothekar, I Kotler, M Kovalcuk, V Kozhukalov, W Krah, R Kralik, M Kramer, L Kreczko, F Krennrich, I Kreslo, T Kroupova, S Kubota, M Kubu, Y Kudenko, VA Kudryavtsev, S Kuhlmann, J Kumar, P Kumar, S Kumaran, P Kunze, J Kunzmann, R Kuravi, N Kurita, C Kuruppu, V Kus, T Kutter, J Kvasnicka, T Labree, T Lackey, A Lambert, BJ Land, CE Lane, N Lane, K Lang, T Langford, M Langstaff, F Lanni, O Lantwin, J Larkin, P Lasorak, D Last, A Laudrain, A Laundrie, G Laurenti, E Lavaut, A Lawrence, P Laycock, I Lazanu, M Lazzaroni, T Le, S Leardini, J Learned, T LeCompte, C Lee, V Legin, G Lehmann Miotto, R Lehnert, MA Leigui de Oliveira, M Leitner, D Leon Silverio, LM Lepin, J-Y Li, SW Li, Y Li, H Liao, CS Lin, D Lindebaum, RA Lineros, J Ling, A Lister, BR Littlejohn, H Liu, J Liu, Y Liu, S Lockwitz, M Lokajicek, I Lomidze, K Long, TV Lopes, J Lopez, I López de Rego, N López March, T Lord, JM LoSecco, WC Louis, A Lozano Sanchez, X-G Lu, KB Luk, B Lunday, X Luo, E Luppi, J Maalmi, D MacFarlane, AA Machado, P Machado, CT Macias, JR Macier, M MacMahon, A Maddalena, A Madera, P Madigan, S Magill, C Magueur, K Mahn, A Maio, A Major, K Majumdar, M Man, RC Mandujano, J Maneira, S Manly, A Mann, K Manolopoulos, M Manrique Plata, S Manthey Corchado, VN Manyam, M Marchan, A Marchionni, W Marciano, D Marfatia, C Mariani, J Maricic, F Marinho, AD Marino, T Markiewicz, F Das Chagas Marques, D Marsden, M Marshak, CM Marshall, J Marshall, J Martín-Albo, N Martinez, DA Martinez Caicedo, F Martínez López, P Martínez Miravé, S Martynenko, V Mascagna, C Massari, A Mastbaum, F Matichard, S Matsuno, G Matteucci, J Matthews, C Mauger, N Mauri, K Mavrokoridis, I Mawby, R Mazza, A Mazzacane, T McAskill, N McConkey, KS McFarland, C McGrew, A McNab, L Meazza, VCN Meddage, B Mehta, P Mehta, P Melas, O Mena, H Mendez, P Mendez, DP Méndez, A Menegolli, G Meng, MD Messier, S Metallo, J Metcalf, W Metcalf, M Mewes, H Meyer, T Miao, A Miccoli, G Michna, V Mikola, R Milincic, G Miller, W Miller, O Mineev, A Minotti, L Miralles, OG Miranda, C Mironov, S Miryala, S Miscetti, CS Mishra, SR Mishra, A Mislivec, M Mitchell, D Mladenov, I Mocioiu, A Mogan, N Moggi, R Mohanta, TA Mohayai, N Mokhov, J Molina, L Molina Bueno, E Montagna, A Montanari, C Montanari, D Montanari, D Montanino, LM Montaño Zetina, M Mooney, AF Moor, Z Moore, D Moreno, O Moreno-Palacios, L Morescalchi, D Moretti, R Moretti, C Morris, C Mossey, M Mote, CA Moura, G Mouster, W Mu, L Mualem, J Mueller, M Muether, F Muheim, A Muir, M Mulhearn, D Munford, LJ Munteanu, H Muramatsu, J Muraz, M Murphy, T Murphy, J Muse, A Mytilinaki, J Nachtman, Y Nagai, S Nagu, M Nalbandyan, R Nandakumar, D Naples, S Narita, A Nath, A Navrer-Agasson, N Nayak, M Nebot-Guinot, A Nehm, JK Nelson, O Neogi, J Nesbit, M Nessi, D Newbold, M Newcomer, R Nichol, F Nicolas-Arnaldos, A Nikolica, J Nikolov, E Niner, K Nishimura, A Norman, A Norrick, P Novella, JA Nowak, M Oberling, JP Ochoa-Ricoux, S Oh, SB Oh, A Olivier, A Olshevskiy, T Olson, Y Onel, Y Onishchuk, A Oranday, M Osbiston, JA Osorio Vélez, L Otiniano Ormachea, J Ott, L Pagani, G Palacio, O Palamara, S Palestini, JM Paley, M Pallavicini, C Palomares, S Pan, P Panda, W Panduro Vazquez, E Pantic, V Paolone, V Papadimitriou, R Papaleo, A Papanestis, D Papoulias, S Paramesvaran, A Paris, S Parke, E Parozzi, S Parsa, Z Parsa, S Parveen, M Parvu, D Pasciuto, S Pascoli, L Pasqualini, J Pasternak, C Patrick, L Patrizii, RB Patterson, T Patzak, A Paudel, L Paulucci, Z Pavlovic, G Pawloski, D Payne, V Pec, E Pedreschi, SJM Peeters, A Pena Perez, E Pennacchio, A Penzo, OLG Peres, YF Perez Gonzalez, L Pérez-Molina, C Pernas, J Perry, D Pershey, G Pessina, G Petrillo, C Petta, R Petti, V Pia, L Pickering, F Pietropaolo, VL Pimentel, G Pinaroli, J Pinchault, K Plows, R Plunkett, C Pollack, T Pollman, F Pompa, X Pons, N Poonthottathil, F Poppi, S Pordes, J Porter, M Potekhin, R Potenza, J Pozimski, M Pozzato, S Prakash, T Prakash, C Pratt, M Prest, F Psihas, D Pugnere, X Qian, JL Raaf, V Radeka, J Rademacker, B Radics, A Rafique, E Raguzin, M Rai, M Rajaoalisoa, I Rakhno, L Rakotondravohitra, L Ralte, MA Ramirez Delgado, B Ramson, A Rappoldi, G Raselli, P Ratoff, R Ray, H Razafinime, EM Rea, JS Real, B Rebel, R Rechenmacher, M Reggiani-Guzzo, J Reichenbacher, SD Reitzner, H Rejeb Sfar, E Renner, A Renshaw, S Rescia, F Resnati, D Restrepo, C Reynolds, M Ribas, S Riboldi, C Riccio, G Riccobene, JS Ricol, M Rigan, EV Rincón, A Ritchie-Yates, S Ritter, D Rivera, R Rivera, A Robert, JL Rocabado Rocha, L Rochester, M Roda, P Rodrigues, MJ Rodriguez Alonso, J Rodriguez Rondon, S Rosauro-Alcaraz, P Rosier, D Ross, M Rossella, M Rossi, M Ross-Lonergan, N Roy, P Roy, C Rubbia, A Ruggeri, G Ruiz Ferreira, B Russell, D Ruterbories, A Rybnikov, A Saa-Hernandez, R Saakyan, S Sacerdoti, SK Sahoo, N Sahu, P Sala, N Samios, O Samoylov, MC Sanchez, A Sánchez Bravo, P Sanchez-Lucas, V Sandberg, DA Sanders, D Sankey, D Santoro, N Saoulidou, P Sapienza, C Sarasty, I Sarcevic, I Sarra, G Savage, V Savinov, G Scanavini, A Scaramelli, A Scarff, T Schefke, H Schellman, S Schifano, P Schlabach, D Schmitz, AW Schneider, K Scholberg, A Schukraft, B Schuld, E Segreto, A Selyunin, CR Senise, J Sensenig, MH Shaevitz, P Shanahan, P Sharma, R Kumar, K Shaw, T Shaw, K Shchablo, C Shepherd-Themistocleous, A Sheshukov, W Shi, S Shin, S Shivakoti, I Shoemaker, D Shooltz, R Shrock, B Siddi, J Silber, L Simard, J Sinclair, G Sinev, Jaydip Singh, J Singh, L Singh, P Singh, V Singh, S Singh Chauhan, R Sipos, C Sironneau, G Sirri, K Siyeon, K Skarpaas, J Smedley, E Smith, J Smith, P Smith, J Smolik, M Smy, M Snape, EL Snider, P Snopok, D Snowden-Ifft, M Soares Nunes, H Sobel, M Soderberg, S Sokolov, CJ Solano Salinas, S Söldner-Rembold, SR Soleti, N Solomey, V Solovov, WE Sondheim, M Sorel, A Sotnikov, J Soto-Oton, A Sousa, K Soustruznik, F Spinella, J Spitz, NJC Spooner, K Spurgeon, D Stalder, M Stancari, L Stanco, J Steenis, R Stein, HM Steiner, AF Steklain Lisbôa, A Stepanova, J Stewart, B Stillwell, J Stock, F Stocker, T Stokes, M Strait, T Strauss, L Strigari, A Stuart, JG Suarez, J Subash, A Surdo, L Suter, CM Sutera, K Sutton, Y Suvorov, R Svoboda, SK Swain, B Szczerbinska, AM Szelc, A Sztuc, A Taffara, N Talukdar, J Tamara, HA Tanaka, S Tang, N Taniuchi, AM Tapia Casanova, B Tapia Oregui, A Tapper, S Tariq, E Tarpara, E Tatar, R Tayloe, D Tedeschi, AM Teklu, J Tena Vidal, P Tennessen, M Tenti, K Terao, F Terranova, G Testera, T Thakore, A Thea, A Thiebault, A Thompson, C Thorn, SC Timm, E Tiras, V Tishchenko, N Todorović, L Tomassetti, A Tonazzo, D Torbunov, M Torti, M Tortola, F Tortorici, N Tosi, D Totani, M Toups, C Touramanis, D Tran, R Travaglini, J Trevor, E Triller, S Trilov, D Truncali, WH Trzaska, Y Tsai, Y-T Tsai, Z Tsamalaidze, KV Tsang, N Tsverava, SZ Tu, S Tufanli, J Turner, M Tuzi, J Tyler, E Tyley, M Tzanov, MA Uchida, J Ureña González, J Urheim, T Usher, H Utaegbulam, S Uzunyan, MR Vagins, P Vahle, S Valder, GA Valdiviesso, E Valencia, R Valentim, Z Vallari, E Vallazza, JWF Valle, R Van Berg, RG Van de Water, DV Forero, M Van Nuland-Troost, F Varanini, D Vargas Oliva, G Varner, S Vasina, N Vaughan, K Vaziri, J Vega, S Ventura, A Verdugo, S Vergani, M Verzocchi, K Vetter, M Vicenzi, H Vieira de Souza, C Vignoli, E Villa, B Viren, A Vizcaya-Hernandez, T Vrba, Q Vuong, AV Waldron, M Wallbank, J Walsh, T Walton, H Wang, J Wang, L Wang, MHLS Wang, X Wang, Y Wang, K Warburton, D Warner, L Warsame, MO Wascko, D Waters, A Watson, K Wawrowska, A Weber, M Weber, H Wei, A Weinstein, H Wenzel, S Westerdale, M Wetstein, K Whalen, J Whilhelmi, A White, A White, LH Whitehead, D Whittington, MJ Wilking, A Wilkinson, C Wilkinson, F Wilson, RJ Wilson, P Winter, W Wisniewski, J Wolcott, J Wolfs, T Wongjirad, A Wood, K Wood, E Worcester, M Worcester, M Wospakrik, K Wresilo, C Wret, S Wu, W Wu, W Wu, M Wurm, J Wyenberg, Y Xiao, I Xiotidis, B Yaeggy, N Yahlali, E Yandel, K Yang, T Yang, A Yankelevich, N Yershov, K Yonehara, T Young, B Yu, H Yu, J Yu, Y Yu, W Yuan, R Zaki, J Zalesak, L Zambelli, B Zamorano, A Zani, O Zapata, L Zazueta, GP Zeller, J Zennamo, K Zeug, C Zhang, S Zhang, M Zhao, E Zhivun, ED Zimmerman, S Zucchelli, J Zuklin, V Zutshi, R Zwaska

Structures Of Dust and gAs (SODA): Constraining the innermost dust properties of II Zw96 with JWST observations of H2O and CO

Astronomy & Astrophysics EDP Sciences 682 (2024) L5-L5

Authors:

I García-Bernete, M Pereira-Santaella, E González-Alfonso, D Rigopoulou, A Efstathiou, FR Donnan, N Thatte

Abstract:

12 pags., 10 figs., 2 tabs.We analyze JWST NIRSpec+MIRI/MRS observations of the infrared (IR) gas-phase molecular bands of the most enshrouded source (D1) within the interacting system and luminous IR galaxy II Zw 096. We report the detection of rovibrational lines of HO ν = 1-0 (~4;5.3-7.2 μm) and CO ν = 1-0 (~4;4.45-4.95 μm) in D1. The CO band shows the R- and P-branches in emission and the spectrum of the HO band shows the P-branch in emission and the R-branch in absorption. The HO R-branch in absorption unveils an IR-bright embedded compact source in D1 and the CO broad component features a highly turbulent environment. From both bands, we also identified extended intense star-forming (SF) activity associated with circumnuclear photodissociation regions (PDRs), consistent with the strong emission of the ionised 7.7 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon band in this source. By including the 4.5-7.0 μm continuum information derived from the HO and CO analysis, we modelled the IR emission of D1 with a dusty torus and SF component. The torus is very compact (diameter of ~4;3 pc at 5 μm) and characterised by warm dust (~4;370 K), giving an IR surface brightness of ~4;3.6 × 10 L pc. This result suggests the presence of a dust-obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN) in D1, which has an exceptionally high covering factor that prevents the direct detection of AGN emission. Our results open a new way to investigate the physical conditions of inner dusty tori via modelling the observed IR molecular bands.I.G.B. and D.R. acknowledge support from STFC through grants ST/S000488/1 and ST/W000903/1. E.G.-A. acknowledges grants PID2019-105552RB-C4 and PID2022-137779OB-C41 funded by the Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.P.S. acknowledges support from grant RYC2021-033094-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the EU NextGenerationEU/PRTR

Behind the mask: can HARMONI@ELT detect biosignatures in the reflected light of Proxima b?

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Oxford University Press (OUP) 528:2 (2024) 3509-3522

Authors:

Sophia R Vaughan, Jayne L Birkby, Niranjan Thatte, Alexis Carlotti, Mathis Houllé, Miguel Pereira-Santaella, Fraser Clarke, Arthur Vigan, Zifan Lin, Lisa Kaltenegger

Behind the Mask: can HARMONI@ELT detect biosignatures in the reflected light of Proxima b?

(2024)

Authors:

Sophia R Vaughan, Jayne L Birkby, Niranjan Thatte, Alexis Carlotti, Mathis Houllé, Miguel Pereira-Santaella, Fraser Clarke, Arthur Vigan, Zifan Lin, Lisa Kaltenegger

The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS)

Astronomy & Astrophysics EDP Sciences 681 (2023) L7-L7

Authors:

I García-Bernete, A Alonso-Herrero, D Rigopoulou, M Pereira-Santaella, T Shimizu, R Davies, FR Donnan, PF Roche, O González-Martín, C Ramos Almeida, E Bellocchi, P Boorman, F Combes, A Efstathiou, D Esparza-Arredondo, S García-Burillo, E González-Alfonso, EKS Hicks, S Hönig, A Labiano, NA Levenson, E López-Rodríguez, C Ricci, C Packham, D Rouan

Abstract:

We use JWST/MIRI MRS spectroscopy of a sample of six local obscured type 1.9/2 active galactic nuclei (AGN) to compare their nuclear mid-IR absorption bands with the level of nuclear obscuration traced by X-rays. This study is the first to use subarcsecond angular resolution data of local obscured AGN to investigate the nuclear mid-IR absorption bands with a wide wavelength coverage (4.9–28.1 μm). All the nuclei show the 9.7 μm silicate band in absorption. We compare the strength of the 9.7 and 18 μm silicate features with torus model predictions. The observed silicate features are generally well explained by clumpy and smooth torus models. We report the detection of the 6 μm dirty water ice band (i.e., a mix of water and other molecules such as CO and CO2) at subarcsecond scales (∼0.26″ at 6 μm; inner ∼50 pc) in a sample of local AGN with different levels of nuclear obscuration in the range log NHX-Ray (cm−2)∼22 − 25. We find good correlation between the 6 μm water ice optical depths and NHX-Ray. This result indicates that the water ice absorption might be a reliable tracer of the nuclear intrinsic obscuration in AGN. The weak water ice absorption in less obscured AGN (log NHX-ray (cm−2)≲23.0 cm−2) might be related to the hotter dust temperature (> TsubH2O ∼ 110 K) expected to be reached in the outer layers of the torus due to their more inhomogeneous medium. Our results suggest it might be necessary to include the molecular content, such as H2O, aliphatic hydrocarbons (CH−), and more complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, in torus models to better constrain key parameters such as the torus covering factor (i.e., nuclear obscuration)