Supermassive black hole mass measurement in the spiral galaxy NGC 4736 using JWST/NIRSpec stellar kinematics

Astronomy & Astrophysics EDP Sciences 698 (2025) L9-L9

Authors:

Dieu D Nguyen, Hai N Ngo, Tinh QT Le, Alister W Graham, Roberto Soria, Igor V Chilingarian, Niranjan Thatte, Nt Phuong, Thiem Hoang, Miguel Pereira-Santaella, Mark Durre, Diep N Pham, Le Ngoc Tram, Nguyen B Ngoc, Ngân Lê

Abstract:

<jats:p>We present accurate mass measurements of the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) in NGC 4736 (M 94). We used the “gold-standard” stellar absorption features (CO band heads) at ∼2.3 μm, as opposed to gas emission lines, to trace the dynamics in the nuclear region, easily resolving the SMBH’s sphere of influence. The analysis uses observations made with the integral field unit of the Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the <jats:italic>James Webb</jats:italic> Space Telescope and a surface brightness profile derived from <jats:italic>Hubble</jats:italic> Space Telescope archival images. We used Jeans anisotropic models within a Bayesian framework, and comprehensive Markov chain Monte Carlo optimization, to determine the best-fit black hole mass, orbital anisotropy, mass-to-light ratio, and nucleus kinematical inclination. We obtained a SMBH mass <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>BH</jats:sub> = (1.60 ± 0.16)×10<jats:sup>7</jats:sup> M<jats:sub>⊙</jats:sub> (1<jats:italic>σ</jats:italic> random error), which is consistent with the <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>BH</jats:sub>–<jats:italic>σ</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>BH</jats:sub>–<jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>⋆</jats:sub> relations. This is the first dynamical measurement of a <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>BH</jats:sub> in NGC 4736 based on the stellar kinematics observed with NIRSpec. We thus settle a longstanding inconsistency between estimates based on nuclear emission-line tracers and the <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>BH</jats:sub>–<jats:italic>σ</jats:italic> relation. Our analysis shows that NIRSpec can detect SMBHs with <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>BH, min</jats:sub> ≈ 5 × 10<jats:sup>6</jats:sup> M<jats:sub>⊙</jats:sub> in galaxies within 5 Mpc and <jats:italic>σ</jats:italic> ≈ 100 km s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>.</jats:p>

Ground-breaking exoplanet science with the ANDES spectrograph at the ELT

Experimental Astronomy Springer 59:3 (2025) 29

Authors:

Enric Palle, Katia Biazzo, Emeline Bolmont, Paul Mollière, Katja Poppenhaeger, Jayne Birkby, Matteo Brogi, Gael Chauvin, Andrea Chiavassa, Jens Hoeijmakers, Emmanuel Lellouch, Christophe Lovis, Roberto Maiolino, Lisa Nortmann, Hannu Parviainen, Lorenzo Pino, Martin Turbet, Jesse Weder, Simon Albrecht, Simone Antoniucci, Susana C Barros, Andre Beaudoin, Bjorn Benneke, Isabelle Boisse

Abstract:

In the past decade the study of exoplanet atmospheres at high-spectral resolution, via transmission/emission spectroscopy and cross-correlation techniques for atomic/molecular mapping, has become a powerful and consolidated methodology. The current limitation is the signal-to-noise ratio that one can obtain during a planetary transit, which is in turn ultimately limited by telescope size. This limitation will be overcome by ANDES, an optical and near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph for the Extremely Large Telescope, which is currently in Phase B development. ANDES will be a powerful transformational instrument for exoplanet science. It will enable the study of giant planet atmospheres, allowing not only an exquisite determination of atmospheric composition, but also the study of isotopic compositions, dynamics and weather patterns, mapping the planetary atmospheres and probing atmospheric formation and evolution models. The unprecedented angular resolution of ANDES, will also allow us to explore the initial conditions in which planets form in proto-planetary disks. The main science case of ANDES, however, is the study of small, rocky exoplanet atmospheres, including the potential for biomarker detections, and the ability to reach this science case is driving its instrumental design. Here we discuss our simulations and the observing strategies to achieve this specific science goal. Since ANDES will be operational at the same time as NASA’s JWST and ESA’s ARIEL missions, it will provide enormous synergies in the characterization of planetary atmospheres at high and low spectral resolution. Moreover, ANDES will be able to probe for the first time the atmospheres of several giant and small planets in reflected light. In particular, we show how ANDES will be able to unlock the reflected light atmospheric signal of a golden sample of nearby non-transiting habitable zone earth-sized planets within a few tenths of nights, a scientific objective that no other currently approved astronomical facility will be able to reach.

Strong gravitational lenses from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences The Royal Society 383:2295 (2025) 20240117

Authors:

Anowar J Shajib, Graham P Smith, Simon Birrer, Aprajita Verma, Nikki Arendse, Thomas Collett, Tansu Daylan, Stephen Serjeant

Abstract:

Like many areas of astrophysics and cosmology, the Vera C. Rubin Observatory will be transformational for almost all the applications of strong lensing, thanks to the dramatic increase in the number of known strong lenses by two orders of magnitude or more and the readily available time-domain data for the lenses with transient sources. In this article, we provide an overview of the forecasted number of discovered lenses of different types and describe the primary science cases these large lens samples will enable. We provide an updated forecast on the joint constraint for the dark energy equation-of-state parameters, w0 and wa, from combining all strong-lensing probes of dark energy. We update the previous forecast from the Rubin Observatory Dark Energy Science Collaboration’s Science Review Document by adding two new crucial strong-lensing samples: lensed type Ia supernovae and single-deflector lenses with measured stellar kinematics. Finally, we describe the current and near-future activities and collaborative efforts within the strong-lensing community in preparation for the arrival of the first real dataset from Rubin in 2026. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Multi-messenger gravitational lensing (Part 2)’.

Supernova pointing capabilities of DUNE

Physical Review D 111:9 (2025) 092006

Authors:

A Abed Abud, B Abi, R Acciarri, MA Acero, MR Adames, G Adamov, M Adamowski, D Adams, M Adinolfi, C Adriano, A Aduszkiewicz, J Aguilar, B Aimard, F Akbar, K Allison, S Alonso Monsalve, M Alrashed, A Alton, R Alvarez, T Alves, H Amar, P Amedo, J Anderson, DA Andrade, C Andreopoulos, M Andreotti, MP Andrews, F Andrianala, S Andringa, N Anfimov, A Ankowski, M Antoniassi, M Antonova, A Antoshkin, A Aranda-Fernandez, L Arellano, E Arrieta Diaz, MA Arroyave, J Asaadi, A Ashkenazi, D Asner, L Asquith, E Atkin, D Auguste, A Aurisano, V Aushev, D Autiero, F Azfar, A Back, H Back, JJ Back, I Bagaturia, L Bagby, N Balashov, S Balasubramanian, P Baldi, W Baldini, J Baldonedo, B Baller, B Bambah, R Banerjee, F Barao, G Barenboim, P Barham Alzás, GJ Barker, W Barkhouse, G Barr, J Barranco Monarca, A Barros, N Barros, D Barrow, JL Barrow, A Basharina-Freshville, A Bashyal, V Basque, C Batchelor, L Bathe-Peters, JBR Battat, F Battisti, F Bay, MCQ Bazetto, JLL Bazo Alba, JF Beacom, E Bechetoille, B Behera, E Belchior, G Bell, L Bellantoni, G Bellettini, V Bellini, O Beltramello, N Benekos, C Benitez Montiel, D Benjamin, F Bento Neves, J Berger, S Berkman, J Bernal, P Bernardini, A Bersani, S Bertolucci, M Betancourt, A Betancur Rodríguez, A Bevan, Y Bezawada, AT Bezerra, TJ Bezerra, A Bhat, V Bhatnagar, J Bhatt, M Bhattacharjee, M Bhattacharya, S Bhuller, B Bhuyan, S Biagi, J Bian, K Biery, B Bilki, M Bishai, A Bitadze, A Blake, FD Blaszczyk, GC Blazey, E Blucher, J Bogenschuetz, J Boissevain, S Bolognesi, T Bolton, L Bomben, M Bonesini, C Bonilla-Diaz, F Bonini, A Booth, F Boran, S Bordoni, R Borges Merlo, A Borkum, N Bostan, J Bracinik, D Braga, B Brahma, D Brailsford, F Bramati, A Branca, A Brandt, J Bremer, C Brew, SJ Brice, V Brio, C Brizzolari, C Bromberg, J Brooke, A Bross, G Brunetti, M Brunetti, N Buchanan, H Budd, J Buergi, D Burgardt, S Butchart, G Caceres V., I Cagnoli, T Cai, R Calabrese, J Calcutt, M Calin, L Calivers, E Calvo, A Caminata, AF Camino, W Campanelli, A Campani, A Campos Benitez, N Canci, J Capó, I Caracas, D Caratelli, D Carber, JM Carceller, G Carini, B Carlus, MF Carneiro, P Carniti, I Caro Terrazas, H Carranza, N Carrara, L Carroll, T Carroll, A Carter, E Casarejos, D Casazza, JF Castaño Forero, FA Castaño, A Castillo, C Castromonte, E Catano-Mur, C Cattadori, F Cavalier, F Cavanna, S Centro, G Cerati, C Cerna, A Cervelli, A Cervera Villanueva, K Chakraborty, S Chakraborty, M Chalifour, A Chappell, N Charitonidis, A Chatterjee, H Chen, M Chen, WC Chen, Y Chen, Z Chen-Wishart, D Cherdack, C Chi, F Chiapponi, R Chirco, N Chitirasreemadam, K Cho, S Choate, D Chokheli, PS Chong, B Chowdhury, D Christian, A Chukanov, M Chung, E Church, MF Cicala, M Cicerchia, V Cicero, R Ciolini, P Clarke, G Cline, TE Coan, AG Cocco, JAB Coelho, A Cohen, J Collazo, J Collot, E Conley, JM Conrad, M Convery, S Copello, P Cova, C Cox, L Cremaldi, L Cremonesi, JI Crespo-Anadón, M Crisler, E Cristaldo, J Crnkovic, G Crone, R Cross, A Cudd, C Cuesta, Y Cui, F Curciarello, D Cussans, J Dai, O Dalager, R Dallavalle, W Dallaway, H da Motta, ZA Dar, R Darby, L Da Silva Peres, Q David, GS Davies, S Davini, J Dawson, R De Aguiar, P De Almeida, P Debbins, I De Bonis, MP Decowski, A de Gouvêa, PC De Holanda, IL De Icaza Astiz, P De Jong, P Del Amo Sanchez, A De la Torre, G De Lauretis, A Delbart, D Delepine, M Delgado, A Dell’Acqua, G Delle Monache, N Delmonte, P De Lurgio, R Demario, G De Matteis, JRT de Mello Neto, DM DeMuth, S Dennis, C Densham, P Denton, GW Deptuch, A De Roeck, V De Romeri, JP Detje, J Devine, R Dharmapalan, M Dias, A Diaz, JS Díaz, F Díaz, F Di Capua, A Di Domenico, S Di Domizio, S Di Falco, L Di Giulio, P Ding, L Di Noto, E Diociaiuti, C Distefano, R Diurba, M Diwan, Z Djurcic, D Doering, S Dolan, F Dolek, MJ Dolinski, D Domenici, L Domine, S Donati, Y Donon, S Doran, D Douglas, TA Doyle, A Dragone, F Drielsma, L Duarte, D Duchesneau, K Duffy, K Dugas, P Dunne, B Dutta, H Duyang, DA Dwyer, AS Dyshkant, S Dytman, M Eads, A Earle, S Edayath, D Edmunds, J Eisch, P Englezos, A Ereditato, T Erjavec, CO Escobar, JJ Evans, E Ewart, AC Ezeribe, K Fahey, L Fajt, A Falcone, M Fani´, C Farnese, S Farrell, Y Farzan, D Fedoseev, J Felix, Y Feng, E Fernandez-Martinez, G Ferry, L Fields, P Filip, A Filkins, F Filthaut, R Fine, G Fiorillo, M Fiorini, S Fogarty, W Foreman, J Fowler, J Franc, K Francis, D Franco, J Franklin, J Freeman, J Fried, A Friedland, S Fuess, IK Furic, K Furman, AP Furmanski, R Gaba, A Gabrielli, AM Gago, F Galizzi, H Gallagher, A Gallas, N Gallice, V Galymov, E Gamberini, T Gamble, F Ganacim, R Gandhi, S Ganguly, F Gao, S Gao, D Garcia-Gamez, MÁ García-Peris, F Gardim, S Gardiner, D Gastler, A Gauch, J Gauvreau, P Gauzzi, S Gazzana, G Ge, N Geffroy, B Gelli, S Gent, L Gerlach, Z Ghorbani-Moghaddam, T Giammaria, D Gibin, I Gil-Botella, S Gilligan, A Gioiosa, S Giovannella, C Girerd, AK Giri, C Giugliano, V Giusti, D Gnani, O Gogota, S Gollapinni, K Gollwitzer, RA Gomes, LV Gomez Bermeo, LS Gomez Fajardo, F Gonnella, D Gonzalez-Diaz, M Gonzalez-Lopez, MC Goodman, S Goswami, C Gotti, J Goudeau, E Goudzovski, C Grace, E Gramellini, R Gran, E Granados, P Granger, C Grant, DR Gratieri, G Grauso, P Green, S Greenberg, J Greer, WC Griffith, FT Groetschla, K Grzelak, L Gu, W Gu, V Guarino, M Guarise, R Guenette, E Guerard, M Guerzoni, D Guffanti, A Guglielmi, B Guo, Y Guo, A Gupta, V Gupta, G Gurung, D Gutierrez, P Guzowski, MM Guzzo, S Gwon, A Habig, H Hadavand, L Haegel, R Haenni, L Hagaman, A Hahn, J Haiston, J Hakenmüller, T Hamernik, P Hamilton, J Hancock, F Happacher, DA Harris, J Hartnell, T Hartnett, J Harton, T Hasegawa, C Hasnip, R Hatcher, K Hayrapetyan, J Hays, E Hazen, M He, A Heavey, KM Heeger, J Heise, S Henry, MA Hernandez Morquecho, K Herner, V Hewes, A Higuera, C Hilgenberg, SJ Hillier, A Himmel, E Hinkle, LR Hirsch, J Ho, J Hoff, A Holin, T Holvey, E Hoppe, S Horiuchi, GA Horton-Smith, M Hostert, T Houdy, B Howard, R Howell, I Hristova, MS Hronek, J Huang, RG Huang, Z Hulcher, M Ibrahim, G Iles, N Ilic, AM Iliescu, R Illingworth, G Ingratta, A Ioannisian, B Irwin, L Isenhower, M Ismerio Oliveira, R Itay, CM Jackson, V Jain, E James, W Jang, B Jargowsky, D Jena, I Jentz, X Ji, C Jiang, J Jiang, L Jiang, A Jipa, FR Joaquim, W Johnson, C Jollet, B Jones, R Jones, D José Fernández, N Jovancevic, M Judah, CK Jung, T Junk, Y Jwa, M Kabirnezhad, AC Kaboth, I Kadenko, I Kakorin, A Kalitkina, D Kalra, M Kandemir, DM Kaplan, G Karagiorgi, G Karaman, A Karcher, Y Karyotakis, S Kasai, SP Kasetti, L Kashur, I Katsioulas, A Kauther, N Kazaryan, L Ke, E Kearns, PT Keener, KJ Kelly, E Kemp, O Kemularia, Y Kermaidic, W Ketchum, SH Kettell, M Khabibullin, N Khan, A Khvedelidze, D Kim, J Kim, B King, B Kirby, M Kirby, A Kish, J Klein, J Kleykamp, A Klustova, T Kobilarcik, L Koch, K Koehler, LW Koerner, DH Koh, L Kolupaeva, D Korablev, M Kordosky, T Kosc, U Kose, VA Kostelecký, K Kothekar, I Kotler, M Kovalcuk, V Kozhukalov, W Krah, R Kralik, M Kramer, L Kreczko, F Krennrich, I Kreslo, T Kroupova, S Kubota, M Kubu, Y Kudenko, VA Kudryavtsev, G Kufatty, S Kuhlmann, J Kumar, P Kumar, S Kumaran, P Kunze, J Kunzmann, R Kuravi, N Kurita, C Kuruppu, V Kus, T Kutter, J Kvasnicka, T Labree, T Lackey, A Lambert, BJ Land, CE Lane, N Lane, K Lang, T Langford, M Langstaff, F Lanni, O Lantwin, J Larkin, P Lasorak, D Last, A Laudrain, A Laundrie, G Laurenti, E Lavaut, A Lawrence, P Laycock, I Lazanu, M Lazzaroni, T Le, S Leardini, J Learned, T LeCompte, C Lee, V Legin, G Lehmann Miotto, R Lehnert, MA Leigui de Oliveira, M Leitner, D Leon Silverio, LM Lepin, J-Y Li, SW Li, Y Li, H Liao, CS Lin, D Lindebaum, S Linden, RA Lineros, J Ling, A Lister, BR Littlejohn, H Liu, J Liu, Y Liu, S Lockwitz, M Lokajicek, I Lomidze, K Long, TV Lopes, J Lopez, I López de Rego, N López-March, T Lord, JM LoSecco, WC Louis, A Lozano Sanchez, X-G Lu, KB Luk, B Lunday, X Luo, E Luppi, J Maalmi, D MacFarlane, AA Machado, P Machado, CT Macias, JR Macier, M MacMahon, A Maddalena, A Madera, P Madigan, S Magill, C Magueur, K Mahn, A Maio, A Major, K Majumdar, M Man, RC Mandujano, J Maneira, S Manly, A Mann, K Manolopoulos, M Manrique Plata, S Manthey Corchado, VN Manyam, M Marchan, A Marchionni, W Marciano, D Marfatia, C Mariani, J Maricic, F Marinho, AD Marino, T Markiewicz, F Das Chagas Marques, C Marquet, D Marsden, M Marshak, CM Marshall, J Marshall, L Martina, J Martín-Albo, N Martinez, DA Martinez Caicedo, F Martínez López, P Martínez Miravé, S Martynenko, V Mascagna, C Massari, A Mastbaum, F Matichard, S Matsuno, G Matteucci, J Matthews, C Mauger, N Mauri, K Mavrokoridis, I Mawby, R Mazza, A Mazzacane, T McAskill, N McConkey, KS McFarland, C McGrew, A McNab, L Meazza, VCN Meddage, B Mehta, P Mehta, P Melas, O Mena, H Mendez, P Mendez, DP Méndez, A Menegolli, G Meng, ACEA Mercuri, A Meregaglia, MD Messier, S Metallo, J Metcalf, W Metcalf, M Mewes, H Meyer, T Miao, A Miccoli, G Michna, V Mikola, R Milincic, F Miller, G Miller, W Miller, O Mineev, A Minotti, L Miralles, OG Miranda, C Mironov, S Miryala, S Miscetti, CS Mishra, SR Mishra, A Mislivec, M Mitchell, D Mladenov, I Mocioiu, A Mogan, N Moggi, R Mohanta, TA Mohayai, N Mokhov, J Molina, L Molina Bueno, E Montagna, A Montanari, C Montanari, D Montanari, D Montanino, LM Montaño Zetina, M Mooney, AF Moor, Z Moore, D Moreno, O Moreno-Palacios, L Morescalchi, D Moretti, R Moretti, C Morris, C Mossey, M Mote, CA Moura, G Mouster, W Mu, L Mualem, J Mueller, M Muether, F Muheim, A Muir, M Mulhearn, D Munford, LJ Munteanu, H Muramatsu, J Muraz, M Murphy, T Murphy, J Muse, A Mytilinaki, J Nachtman, Y Nagai, S Nagu, R Nandakumar, D Naples, S Narita, A Nath, A Navrer-Agasson, N Nayak, M Nebot-Guinot, A Nehm, JK Nelson, O Neogi, J Nesbit, M Nessi, D Newbold, M Newcomer, R Nichol, F Nicolas-Arnaldos, A Nikolica, J Nikolov, E Niner, K Nishimura, A Norman, A Norrick, P Novella, JA Nowak, M Oberling, JP Ochoa-Ricoux, S Oh, SB Oh, A Olivier, A Olshevskiy, T Olson, Y Onel, Y Onishchuk, A Oranday, M Osbiston, JA Osorio Vélez, L Otiniano Ormachea, J Ott, L Pagani, G Palacio, O Palamara, S Palestini, JM Paley, M Pallavicini, C Palomares, S Pan, P Panda, W Panduro Vazquez, E Pantic, V Paolone, V Papadimitriou, R Papaleo, A Papanestis, D Papoulias, S Paramesvaran, A Paris, S Parke, E Parozzi, S Parsa, Z Parsa, S Parveen, M Parvu, D Pasciuto, S Pascoli, L Pasqualini, J Pasternak, C Patrick, L Patrizii, RB Patterson, T Patzak, A Paudel, L Paulucci, Z Pavlovic, G Pawloski, D Payne, V Pec, E Pedreschi, SJM Peeters, W Pellico, A Pena Perez, E Pennacchio, A Penzo, OLG Peres, YF Perez Gonzalez, L Pérez-Molina, C Pernas, J Perry, D Pershey, G Pessina, G Petrillo, C Petta, R Petti, M Pfaff, V Pia, L Pickering, F Pietropaolo, VL Pimentel, G Pinaroli, J Pinchault, K Pitts, K Plows, R Plunkett, C Pollack, T Pollman, D Polo-Toledo, F Pompa, X Pons, N Poonthottathil, V Popov, F Poppi, J Porter, M Potekhin, R Potenza, J Pozimski, M Pozzato, T Prakash, C Pratt, M Prest, F Psihas, D Pugnere, X Qian, J Queen, JL Raaf, V Radeka, J Rademacker, B Radics, A Rafique, E Raguzin, M Rai, S Rajagopalan, M Rajaoalisoa, I Rakhno, L Rakotondravohitra, L Ralte, MA Ramirez Delgado, B Ramson, A Rappoldi, G Raselli, P Ratoff, R Ray, H Razafinime, EM Rea, JS Real, B Rebel, R Rechenmacher, M Reggiani-Guzzo, J Reichenbacher, SD Reitzner, H Rejeb Sfar, E Renner, A Renshaw, S Rescia, F Resnati, Diego Restrepo, C Reynolds, M Ribas, S Riboldi, C Riccio, G Riccobene, JS Ricol, M Rigan, EV Rincón, A Ritchie-Yates, S Ritter, D Rivera, R Rivera, A Robert, JL Rocabado Rocha, L Rochester, M Roda, P Rodrigues, MJ Rodriguez Alonso, J Rodriguez Rondon, AJ Roeth, S Rosauro-Alcaraz, P Rosier, D Ross, M Rossella, M Rossi, M Ross-Lonergan, N Roy, P Roy, C Rubbia, A Ruggeri, G Ruiz Ferreira, B Russell, D Ruterbories, A Rybnikov, A Saa-Hernandez, R Saakyan, S Sacerdoti, SK Sahoo, N Sahu, P Sala, N Samios, O Samoylov, MC Sanchez, A Sánchez Bravo, P Sanchez-Lucas, V Sandberg, DA Sanders, S Sanfilippo, D Sankey, D Santoro, N Saoulidou, P Sapienza, C Sarasty, I Sarcevic, I Sarra, G Savage, V Savinov, G Scanavini, A Scaramelli, A Scarff, T Schefke, H Schellman, S Schifano, P Schlabach, D Schmitz, AW Schneider, K Scholberg, A Schukraft, B Schuld, A Segade, E Segreto, A Selyunin, CR Senise, J Sensenig, MH Shaevitz, P Shanahan, P Sharma, R Kumar, K Shaw, T Shaw, K Shchablo, J Shen, C Shepherd-Themistocleous, A Sheshukov, W Shi, S Shin, S Shivakoti, I Shoemaker, D Shooltz, R Shrock, B Siddi, M Siden, J Silber, L Simard, J Sinclair, G Sinev, Jaydip Singh, J Singh, L Singh, P Singh, V Singh, S Singh Chauhan, R Sipos, C Sironneau, G Sirri, K Siyeon, K Skarpaas, J Smedley, E Smith, J Smith, P Smith, J Smolik, M Smy, M Snape, EL Snider, P Snopok, D Snowden-Ifft, M Soares Nunes, H Sobel, M Soderberg, S Sokolov, CJ Solano Salinas, S Söldner-Rembold, SR Soleti, N Solomey, V Solovov, WE Sondheim, M Sorel, A Sotnikov, J Soto-Oton, A Sousa, K Soustruznik, F Spinella, J Spitz, NJC Spooner, K Spurgeon, D Stalder, M Stancari, L Stanco, J Steenis, R Stein, HM Steiner, AF Steklain Lisbôa, A Stepanova, J Stewart, B Stillwell, J Stock, F Stocker, T Stokes, M Strait, T Strauss, L Strigari, A Stuart, JG Suarez, J Subash, A Surdo, L Suter, CM Sutera, K Sutton, Y Suvorov, R Svoboda, SK Swain, B Szczerbinska, AM Szelc, A Sztuc, A Taffara, N Talukdar, J Tamara, HA Tanaka, S Tang, N Taniuchi, AM Tapia Casanova, B Tapia Oregui, A Tapper, S Tariq, E Tarpara, E Tatar, R Tayloe, D Tedeschi, AM Teklu, J Tena Vidal, P Tennessen, M Tenti, K Terao, F Terranova, G Testera, T Thakore, A Thea, A Thiebault, S Thomas, A Thompson, C Thorn, SC Timm, E Tiras, V Tishchenko, N Todorović, L Tomassetti, A Tonazzo, D Torbunov, M Torti, M Tortola, F Tortorici, N Tosi, D Totani, M Toups, C Touramanis, D Tran, R Travaglini, J Trevor, E Triller, S Trilov, J Truchon, D Truncali, WH Trzaska, Y Tsai, Y-T Tsai, Z Tsamalaidze, KV Tsang, N Tsverava, SZ Tu, S Tufanli, C Tunnell, J Turner, M Tuzi, J Tyler, E Tyley, M Tzanov, MA Uchida, J Ureña González, J Urheim, T Usher, H Utaegbulam, S Uzunyan, MR Vagins, P Vahle, S Valder, GA Valdiviesso, E Valencia, R Valentim, Z Vallari, E Vallazza, JWF Valle, R Van Berg, RG Van de Water, DV Forero, A Vannozzi, M Van Nuland-Troost, F Varanini, D Vargas Oliva, S Vasina, N Vaughan, K Vaziri, A Vázquez-Ramos, J Vega, S Ventura, A Verdugo, S Vergani, M Verzocchi, K Vetter, M Vicenzi, H Vieira de Souza, C Vignoli, C Vilela, E Villa, S Viola, B Viren, A Vizcaya-Hernandez, T Vrba, Q Vuong, AV Waldron, M Wallbank, J Walsh, T Walton, H Wang, J Wang, L Wang, MHLS Wang, X Wang, Y Wang, K Warburton, D Warner, L Warsame, MO Wascko, D Waters, A Watson, K Wawrowska, A Weber, CM Weber, M Weber, H Wei, A Weinstein, H Wenzel, S Westerdale, M Wetstein, K Whalen, J Whilhelmi, A White, A White, LH Whitehead, D Whittington, MJ Wilking, A Wilkinson, C Wilkinson, F Wilson, RJ Wilson, P Winter, W Wisniewski, J Wolcott, J Wolfs, T Wongjirad, A Wood, K Wood, E Worcester, M Worcester, M Wospakrik, K Wresilo, C Wret, S Wu, W Wu, W Wu, M Wurm, J Wyenberg, Y Xiao, I Xiotidis, B Yaeggy, N Yahlali, E Yandel, K Yang, T Yang, A Yankelevich, N Yershov, K Yonehara, T Young, B Yu, H Yu, J Yu, Y Yu, W Yuan, R Zaki, J Zalesak, L Zambelli, B Zamorano, A Zani, O Zapata, L Zazueta, GP Zeller, J Zennamo, K Zeug, C Zhang, S Zhang, M Zhao, E Zhivun, ED Zimmerman, S Zucchelli, J Zuklin, V Zutshi, R Zwaska

Euclid: The Early Release Observations Lens Search Experiment

Astronomy & Astrophysics EDP Sciences 697 (2025) a14

Authors:

JA Acevedo Barroso, CM O’Riordan, B Clément, C Tortora, TE Collett, F Courbin, R Gavazzi, RB Metcalf, V Busillo, IT Andika, R Cabanac, HM Courtois, J Crook-Mansour, L Delchambre, G Despali, LR Ecker, A Franco, P Holloway, N Jackson, K Jahnke, G Mahler, L Marchetti, P Matavulj, A Melo, M Meneghetti, LA Moustakas, O Müller, AA Nucita, A Paulino-Afonso, J Pearson, K Rojas, C Scarlata, S Schuldt, S Serjeant, D Sluse, SH Suyu, M Vaccari, A Verma, G Vernardos, M Walmsley, H Bouy, GL Walth, DM Powell, M Bolzonella, J-C Cuillandre, M Kluge, T Saifollahi, M Schirmer, C Stone, A Acebron, L Bazzanini, A Díaz-Sánchez, NB Hogg, LVE Koopmans, S Kruk, L Leuzzi, A Manjón-García, F Mannucci, BC Nagam, R Pearce-Casey, L Scharré, J Wilde, B Altieri, A Amara, S Andreon, N Auricchio, C Baccigalupi, M Baldi, A Balestra, S Bardelli, A Basset, P Battaglia, R Bender, D Bonino, E Branchini, M Brescia, J Brinchmann, A Caillat, S Camera, GP Candini, V Capobianco, C Carbone, J Carretero, S Casas, M Castellano, G Castignani, S Cavuoti, A Cimatti, C Colodro-Conde, G Congedo, CJ Conselice, L Conversi, Y Copin, L Corcione, M Cropper, A Da Silva, H Degaudenzi, G De Lucia, J Dinis, F Dubath, X Dupac, S Dusini, M Farina, S Farrens, S Ferriol, M Frailis, E Franceschi, S Galeotta, B Garilli, K George, W Gillard, B Gillis, C Giocoli, P Gómez-Alvarez, A Grazian, F Grupp, L Guzzo, SVH Haugan, H Hoekstra, W Holmes, I Hook, F Hormuth, A Hornstrup, M Jhabvala, B Joachimi, E Keihänen, S Kermiche, A Kiessling, B Kubik, M Kunz, H Kurki-Suonio, D Le Mignant, S Ligori, PB Lilje, V Lindholm, I Lloro, G Mainetti, E Maiorano, O Mansutti, S Marcin, O Marggraf, M Martinelli, N Martinet, F Marulli, R Massey, E Medinaceli, M Melchior, Y Mellier, E Merlin, G Meylan, M Moresco, L Moscardini, E Munari, R Nakajima, C Neissner, RC Nichol, S-M Niemi, JW Nightingale, C Padilla, S Paltani, F Pasian, K Pedersen, WJ Percival, V Pettorino, S Pires, G Polenta, M Poncet, LA Popa, L Pozzetti, F Raison, R Rebolo, A Renzi, J Rhodes, G Riccio, E Romelli, M Roncarelli, E Rossetti, R Saglia, Z Sakr, AG Sánchez, D Sapone, P Schneider, T Schrabback, A Secroun, G Seidel, S Serrano, C Sirignano, G Sirri, J Skottfelt, L Stanco, J Steinwagner, P Tallada-Crespí, D Tavagnacco, AN Taylor, I Tereno, R Toledo-Moreo, F Torradeflot, I Tutusaus, EA Valentijn, L Valenziano, T Vassallo, Y Wang, J Weller, E Zucca, C Burigana, V Scottez, M Viel, D Scott, S Vegetti