The track-length extension fitting algorithm for energy measurement of interacting particles in liquid argon TPCs and its performance with ProtoDUNE-SP data
Journal of Instrumentation IOP Publishing 20:02 (2025) P02021
Authors:
A Abed Abud, B Abi, R Acciarri, MA Acero, MR Adames, G Adamov, M Adamowski, D Adams, M Adinolfi, C Adriano, A Aduszkiewicz, J Aguilar, F Akbar, NS Alex, K Allison, S Alonso Monsalve, M Alrashed, A Alton, R Alvarez, T Alves, H Amar, P Amedo, J Anderson, C Andreopoulos, F AzfarAbstract:
This paper introduces a novel track-length extension fitting algorithm for measuring the kinetic energies of inelastically interacting particles in liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs). The algorithm finds the most probable offset in track length for a track-like object by comparing the measured ionization density as a function of position with a theoretical prediction of the energy loss as a function of the energy, including models of electron recombination and detector response. The algorithm can be used to measure the energies of particles that interact before they stop, such as charged pions that are absorbed by argon nuclei. The algorithm's energy measurement resolutions and fractional biases are presented as functions of particle kinetic energy and number of track hits using samples of stopping secondary charged pions in data collected by the ProtoDUNE-SP detector, and also in a detailed simulation. Additional studies describe the impact of the dE/dx model on energy measurement performance. The method described in this paper to characterize the energy measurement performance can be repeated in any LArTPC experiment using stopping secondary charged pions.Neutrino Interaction Vertex Reconstruction in DUNE with Pandora Deep Learning
(2025)
Authors:
DUNE Collaboration, A Abed Abud, R Acciarri, MA Acero, MR Adames, G Adamov, M Adamowski, D Adams, M Adinolfi, C Adriano, A Aduszkiewicz, J Aguilar, F Akbar, F Alemanno, NS Alex, K Allison, M Alrashed, A Alton, R Alvarez, T Alves, A Aman, H Amar, P Amedo, J Anderson, C Andreopoulos, M Andreotti, MP Andrews, F Andrianala, S Andringa, F Anjarazafy, D Antic, M Antoniassi, M Antonova, A Aranda-Fernandez, L Arellano, E Arrieta Diaz, MA Arroyave, J Asaadi, A Ashkenazi, D Asner, L Asquith, E Atkin, D Auguste, A Aurisano, V Aushev, D Autiero, D Ávila Gómez, MB Azam, F Azfar, A Back, H Back, JJ Back, I Bagaturia, L Bagby, D Baigarashev, S Balasubramanian, A Balboni, P Baldi, W Baldini, J Baldonedo, B Baller, B Bambah, R Banerjee, F Barao, D Barbu, G Barenboim, P Barham Alzás, GJ Barker, W Barkhouse, G Barr, J Barranco Monarca, A Barros, N Barros, D Barrow, JL Barrow, A Basharina-Freshville, A Bashyal, V Basque, D Basu, C Batchelor, L Bathe-Peters, JBR Battat, F Battisti, F Bay, MCQ Bazetto, JLL Bazo Alba, JF Beacom, E Bechetoille, B Behera, E Belchior, B Bell, G Bell, L Bellantoni, G Bellettini, V Bellini, O Beltramello, C Benitez Montiel, D Benjamin, F Bento Neves, J Berger, S Berkman, J Bernal, P Bernardini, A Bersani, E Bertolini, S Bertolucci, M Betancourt, A Betancur Rodríguez, Y Bezawada, AT Bezerra, A Bhat, V Bhatnagar, J Bhatt, M Bhattacharjee, M Bhattacharya, S Bhuller, B Bhuyan, S Biagi, J Bian, K Biery, B Bilki, M Bishai, A Blake, FD Blaszczyk, GC Blazey, E Blucher, B Bogart, J Bogenschuetz, J Boissevain, S Bolognesi, T Bolton, L Bomben, M Bonesini, C Bonilla-Diaz, A Booth, F Boran, R Borges Merlo, N Bostan, G Botogoske, B Bottino, R Bouet, J Boza, J Bracinik, B Brahma, D Brailsford, F Bramati, A Branca, A Brandt, J Bremer, C Brew, SJ Brice, V Brio, C Brizzolari, C Bromberg, J Brooke, A Bross, G Brunetti, MB Brunetti, N Buchanan, H Budd, J Buergi, A Bundock, D Burgardt, S Butchart, G Caceres V., T Cai, R Calabrese, R Calabrese, J Calcutt, L Calivers, E Calvo, A Caminata, AF Camino, W Campanelli, A Campani, A Campos Benitez, N Canci, J Capó, I Caracas, D Caratelli, D Carber, JM Carceller, G Carini, B Carlus, MF Carneiro, P Carniti, I Caro Terrazas, H Carranza, N Carrara, L Carroll, T Carroll, A Carter, E Casarejos, D Casazza, JF Castaño Forero, FA Castaño, A Castillo, C Castromonte, E Catano-Mur, C Cattadori, F Cavalier, F Cavanna, S Centro, G Cerati, C Cerna, A Cervelli, A Cervera Villanueva, M Chalifour, A Chappell, A Chatterjee, B Chauhan, H Chen, M Chen, WC Chen, Y Chen, Z Chen, D Cherdack, SS Chhibra, C Chi, F Chiapponi, R Chirco, N Chitirasreemadam, K Cho, S Choate, G Choi, D Chokheli, PS Chong, B Chowdhury, D Christian, M Chung, E Church, MF Cicala, M Cicerchia, V Cicero, R Ciolini, P Clarke, G Cline, AG Cocco, JAB Coelho, A Cohen, J Collazo, J Collot, JM Conrad, M Convery, K Conway, S Copello, P Cova, C Cox, L Cremonesi, JI Crespo-Anadón, M Crisler, E Cristaldo, J Crnkovic, G Crone, R Cross, A Cudd, C Cuesta, Y Cui, F Curciarello, D Cussans, J Dai, O Dalager, W Dallaway, R D'Amico, H da Motta, ZA Dar, R Darby, L Da Silva Peres, Q David, GS Davies, S Davini, J Dawson, R De Aguiar, P De Almeida, P Debbins, MP Decowski, A de Gouvêa, PC De Holanda, P De Jong, P Del Amo Sanchez, G De Lauretis, A Delbart, D Delepine, M Delgado, A Dell'Acqua, G Delle Monache, N Delmonte, P De Lurgio, R Demario, G De Matteis, JRT de Mello Neto, DM DeMuth, S Dennis, C Densham, P Denton, GW Deptuch, A De Roeck, V De Romeri, JP Detje, J Devine, R Dharmapalan, M Dias, A Diaz, JS Díaz, F Díaz, F Di Capua, A Di Domenico, S Di Domizio, S Di Falco, L Di Giulio, P Ding, L Di Noto, E Diociaiuti, V Di Silvestre, C Distefano, R Diurba, M Diwan, Z Djurcic, S Dolan, M Dolce, F Dolek, MJ Dolinski, D Domenici, S Donati, Y Donon, S Doran, D Douglas, TA Doyle, F Drielsma, L Duarte, D Duchesneau, K Duffy, K Dugas, P Dunne, B Dutta, H Duyang, DA Dwyer, AS Dyshkant, S Dytman, M Eads, A Earle, S Edayath, D Edmunds, J Eisch, W Emark, P Englezos, A Ereditato, T Erjavec, CO Escobar, JJ Evans, E Ewart, AC Ezeribe, K Fahey, A Falcone, M Fani', C Farnese, S Farrell, Y Farzan, J Felix, Y Feng, E Fernandez-Martinez, M Ferreira da Silva, G Ferry, E Fialova, L Fields, P Filip, A Filkins, F Filthaut, G Fiorillo, M Fiorini, S Fogarty, W Foreman, J Fowler, J Franc, K Francis, D Franco, J Franklin, J Freeman, J Fried, A Friedland, M Fucci, S Fuess, IK Furic, K Furman, AP Furmanski, R Gaba, A Gabrielli, AM Gago, F Galizzi, H Gallagher, M Galli, N Gallice, V Galymov, E Gamberini, T Gamble, R Gandhi, S Ganguly, F Gao, S Gao, D Garcia-Gamez, MÁ García-Peris, F Gardim, S Gardiner, D Gastler, A Gauch, P Gauzzi, S Gazzana, G Ge, N Geffroy, B Gelli, S Gent, L Gerlach, A Ghosh, T Giammaria, D Gibin, I Gil-Botella, S Gilligan, A Gioiosa, S Giovannella, AK Giri, C Giugliano, V Giusti, D Gnani, O Gogota, S Gollapinni, K Gollwitzer, RA Gomes, LV Gomez Bermeo, LS Gomez Fajardo, D Gonzalez-Diaz, MC Goodman, S Goswami, C Gotti, J Goudeau, E Goudzovski, C Grace, E Gramellini, R Gran, E Granados, P Granger, C Grant, DR Gratieri, G Grauso, P Green, S Greenberg, J Greer, WC Griffith, K Grzelak, L Gu, W Gu, V Guarino, M Guarise, R Guenette, M Guerzoni, D Guffanti, A Guglielmi, B Guo, FY Guo, V Gupta, G Gurung, D Gutierrez, P Guzowski, MM Guzzo, S Gwon, A Habig, L Haegel, L Hagaman, A Hahn, J Hakenmüller, T Hamernik, P Hamilton, J Hancock, M Handley, F Happacher, DA Harris, AL Hart, J Hartnell, T Hartnett, J Harton, T Hasegawa, CM Hasnip, R Hatcher, S Hawkins, J Hays, M He, A Heavey, KM Heeger, A Heindel, J Heise, P Hellmuth, L Henderson, K Herner, V Hewes, A Higuera, C Hilgenberg, A Himmel, E Hinkle, LR Hirsch, J Ho, J Hoefken Zink, J Hoff, A Holin, T Holvey, C Hong, E Hoppe, S Horiuchi, GA Horton-Smith, R Hosokawa, T Houdy, B Howard, R Howell, I Hristova, MS Hronek, J Huang, RG Huang, X Huang, Z Hulcher, G Iles, N Ilic, AM Iliescu, R Illingworth, G Ingratta, A Ioannisian, B Irwin, M Ismerio Oliveira, CM Jackson, V Jain, E James, W Jang, B Jargowsky, D Jena, I Jentz, X Ji, C Jiang, J Jiang, A Jipa, JH Jo, FR Joaquim, W Johnson, C Jollet, R Jones, N Jovancevic, M Judah, CK Jung, KY Jung, T Junk, Y Jwa, M Kabirnezhad, AC Kaboth, I Kadenko, O Kalikulov, D Kalra, M Kandemir, DM Kaplan, G Karagiorgi, G Karaman, A Karcher, Y Karyotakis, SP Kasetti, L Kashur, A Kauther, N Kazaryan, L Ke, E Kearns, PT Keener, KJ Kelly, R Keloth, E Kemp, O Kemularia, Y Kermaidic, W Ketchum, SH Kettell, N Khan, A Khvedelidze, D Kim, J Kim, MJ Kim, S Kim, B King, M King, M Kirby, A Kish, J Klein, J Kleykamp, A Klustova, T Kobilarcik, L Koch, K Koehler, LW Koerner, DH Koh, M Kordosky, T Kosc, VA Kostelecký, K Kothekar, I Kotler, M Kovalcuk, W Krah, R Kralik, M Kramer, L Kreczko, F Krennrich, T Kroupova, S Kubota, M Kubu, VA Kudryavtsev, G Kufatty, S Kuhlmann, J Kumar, P Kumar, P Kumar, S Kumaran, J Kunzmann, R Kuravi, V Kus, T Kutter, J Kvasnicka, T Labree, T Lackey, I Lalău, A Lambert, BJ Land, CE Lane, N Lane, K Lang, T Langford, M Langstaff, F Lanni, J Larkin, P Lasorak, D Last, A Laundrie, G Laurenti, E Lavaut, P Laycock, I Lazanu, R LaZur, M Lazzaroni, T Le, S Leardini, J Learned, T LeCompte, G Lehmann Miotto, R Lehnert, M Leitner, H Lemoine, D Leon Silverio, LM Lepin, J-Y Li, SW Li, Y Li, H Liao, R Lima, CS Lin, D Lindebaum, S Linden, RA Lineros, A Lister, BR Littlejohn, H Liu, J Liu, Y Liu, S Lockwitz, I Lomidze, K Long, TV Lopes, J Lopez, I López de Rego, N López-March, JM LoSecco, WC Louis, A Lozano Sanchez, X-G Lu, KB Luk, X Luo, E Luppi, AA Machado, P Machado, CT Macias, JR Macier, M MacMahon, S Magill, C Magueur, K Mahn, A Maio, A Major, K Majumdar, A Malige, S Mameli, M Man, RC Mandujano, J Maneira, S Manly, A Mann, K Manolopoulos, M Manrique Plata, S Manthey Corchado, VN Manyam, L Manzanillas-Velez, M Marchan, A Marchionni, W Marciano, D Marfatia, C Mariani, J Maricic, F Marinho, AD Marino, T Markiewicz, F Das Chagas Marques, C Marquet, M Marshak, CM Marshall, J Marshall, L Martina, J Martín-Albo, N Martinez, DA Martinez Caicedo, M Martinez-Casales, F Martínez López, P Martínez Miravé, S Martynenko, V Mascagna, A Mastbaum, M Masud, F Matichard, G Matteucci, J Matthews, C Mauger, N Mauri, K Mavrokoridis, I Mawby, F Mayhew, R Mazza, T McAskill, N McConkey, KS McFarland, C McGrew, A McNab, C McNulty, L Meazza, VCN Meddage, M Mehmood, B Mehta, P Mehta, F Mei, P Melas, L Mellet, O Mena, H Mendez, DP Méndez, AP Mendonca, A Menegolli, G Meng, ACEA Mercuri, A Meregaglia, MD Messier, S Metallo, W Metcalf, M Mewes, H Meyer, T Miao, J Micallef, A Miccoli, G Michna, R Milincic, F Miller, G Miller, W Miller, A Minotti, L Miralles, C Mironov, S Miryala, S Miscetti, CS Mishra, P Mishra, SR Mishra, A Mislivec, D Mladenov, I Mocioiu, A Mogan, R Mohanta, TA Mohayai, N Mokhov, J Molina, L Molina Bueno, E Montagna, A Montanari, C Montanari, D Montanari, D Montanino, LM Montaño Zetina, M Mooney, AF Moor, M Moore, Z Moore, D Moreno, G Moreno-Granados, O Moreno-Palacios, L Morescalchi, R Moretti, C Morris, C Mossey, CA Moura, G Mouster, W Mu, L Mualem, J Mueller, M Muether, F Muheim, A Muir, Y Mukhamejanov, A Mukhamejanova, M Mulhearn, D Munford, LJ Munteanu, H Muramatsu, J Muraz, M Murphy, T Murphy, J Muse, A Mytilinaki, J Nachtman, Y Nagai, S Nagu, D Naples, S Narita, J Nava, A Navrer-Agasson, N Nayak, M Nebot-Guinot, A Nehm, JK Nelson, O Neogi, J Nesbit, M Nessi, D Newbold, M Newcomer, R Nichol, F Nicolas-Arnaldos, A Nielsen, A Nikolica, J Nikolov, E Niner, K Nishimura, A Norman, A Norrick, P Novella, A Nowak, JA Nowak, M Oberling, JP Ochoa-Ricoux, S Oh, SB Oh, A Olivier, T Olson, Y Onel, Y Onishchuk, A Oranday, M Osbiston, JA Osorio Vélez, L O'Sullivan, L Otiniano Ormachea, L Pagani, G Palacio, O Palamara, S Palestini, JM Paley, M Pallavicini, C Palomares, S Pan, M Panareo, P Panda, V Pandey, W Panduro Vazquez, E Pantic, V Paolone, A Papadopoulou, R Papaleo, D Papoulias, S Paramesvaran, S Parke, S Parsa, Z Parsa, S Parveen, M Parvu, D Pasciuto, S Pascoli, L Pasqualini, J Pasternak, G Patiño Camargo, JL Paton, C Patrick, L Patrizii, RB Patterson, T Patzak, A Paudel, J Paul, L Paulucci, Z Pavlovic, G Pawloski, D Payne, A Peake, V Pec, E Pedreschi, SJM Peeters, W Pellico, E Pennacchio, A Penzo, OLG Peres, YF Perez Gonzalez, L Pérez-Molina, C Pernas, J Perry, D Pershey, G Pessina, G Petrillo, C Petta, R Petti, M Pfaff, V Pia, L Pickering, L Pierini, F Pietropaolo, VL Pimentel, G Pinaroli, S Pincha, J Pinchault, K Pitts, K Pletcher, K Plows, C Pollack, T Pollmann, F Pompa, X Pons, N Poonthottathil, V Popov, F Poppi, J Porter, LG Porto Paixão, M Potekhin, M Pozzato, R Pradhan, T Prakash, M Prest, F Psihas, D Pugnere, D Pullia, X Qian, J Queen, JL Raaf, M Rabelhofer, V Radeka, J Rademacker, B Radics, F Raffaelli, A Rafique, E Raguzin, A Rahe, S Rajagopalan, M Rajaoalisoa, I Rakhno, L Rakotondravohitra, MA Ralaikoto, L Ralte, MA Ramirez Delgado, B Ramson, SS Randriamanampisoa, A Rappoldi, G Raselli, T Rath, P Ratoff, R Ray, H Razafinime, RF Razakamiandra, EM Rea, JS Real, B Rebel, R Rechenmacher, J Reichenbacher, SD Reitzner, E Renner, S Repetto, S Rescia, F Resnati, Diego Restrepo, C Reynolds, M Ribas, S Riboldi, C Riccio, G Riccobene, JS Ricol, M Rigan, A Rikalo, EV Rincón, A Ritchie-Yates, S Ritter, D Rivera, A Robert, A Roberts, E Robles, JL Rocabado Rocha, M Roda, MJO Rodrigues, J Rodriguez Rondon, S Rosauro-Alcaraz, P Rosier, D Ross, M Rossella, M Rossi, N Roy, P Roy, P Roy, C Rubbia, D Rudik, A Ruggeri, G Ruiz Ferreira, K Rushiya, B Russell, S Sacerdoti, N Saduyev, SK Sahoo, N Sahu, S Sakhiyev, P Sala, G Salmoria, S Samanta, N Samios, MC Sanchez, A Sánchez Bravo, A Sánchez-Castillo, P Sanchez-Lucas, DA Sanders, S Sanfilippo, D Santoro, N Saoulidou, P Sapienza, I Sarcevic, I Sarra, G Savage, V Savinov, G Scanavini, A Scaramelli, A Scarff, T Schefke, H Schellman, S Schifano, P Schlabach, D Schmitz, AW Schneider, K Scholberg, A Schukraft, B Schuld, S Schwartz, A Segade, E Segreto, CR Senise, J Sensenig, D Seppela, MH Shaevitz, P Shanahan, P Sharma, R Kumar, S Sharma Poudel, K Shaw, T Shaw, K Shchablo, J Shen, C Shepherd-Themistocleous, J Shi, W Shi, S Shin, S Shivakoti, A Shmakov, I Shoemaker, D Shooltz, R Shrock, M Siden, J Silber, L Simard, J Sinclair, G Sinev, Jaydip Singh, J Singh, L Singh, P Singh, V Singh, S Singh Chauhan, R Sipos, C Sironneau, G Sirri, K Siyeon, K Skarpaas, J Smedley, J Smith, P Smith, J Smolik, M Smy, M Snape, EL Snider, P Snopok, M Soares Nunes, H Sobel, M Soderberg, CJ Solano Salinas, S Söldner-Rembold, N Solomey, V Solovov, WE Sondheim, M Sorel, J Soto-Oton, A Sousa, K Soustruznik, D Souza Correia, F Spinella, J Spitz, NJC Spooner, D Stalder, M Stancari, L Stanco, J Steenis, R Stein, HM Steiner, AF Steklain Lisbôa, J Stewart, B Stillwell, J Stock, T Stokes, M Strait, T Strauss, L Strigari, A Stuart, JG Suarez, J Subash, A Surdo, L Suter, K Sutton, Y Suvorov, R Svoboda, SK Swain, C Sweeney, B Szczerbinska, AM Szelc, A Sztuc, A Taffara, N Talukdar, J Tamara, HA Tanaka, S Tang, N Taniuchi, AM Tapia Casanova, A Tapper, S Tariq, E Tarpara, E Tatar, R Tayloe, D Tedeschi, AM Teklu, J Tena Vidal, P Tennessen, M Tenti, K Terao, F Terranova, G Testera, T Thakore, A Thea, S Thomas, A Thompson, C Thorn, C Thorpe, SC Timm, E Tiras, V Tishchenko, S Tiwari, N Todorović, L Tomassetti, A Tonazzo, D Torbunov, D Torres Muñoz, M Torti, M Tortola, Y Torun, N Tosi, D Totani, M Toups, C Touramanis, D Tran, R Travaglini, J Trevor, E Triller, S Trilov, J Truchon, D Truncali, WH Trzaska, Y Tsai, Y-T Tsai, Z Tsamalaidze, KV Tsang, N Tsverava, SZ Tu, S Tufanli, C Tunnell, J Turner, M Tuzi, J Tyler, E Tyley, M Tzanov, MA Uchida, J Ureña González, J Urheim, T Usher, H Utaegbulam, S Uzunyan, MR Vagins, P Vahle, GA Valdiviesso, V Vale, E Valencia, R Valentim, Z Vallari, E Vallazza, JWF Valle, R Van Berg, DV Forero, A Vannozzi, M Van Nuland-Troost, F Varanini, T Vargas Auccalla, D Vargas Oliva, N Vaughan, K Vaziri, A Vázquez-Ramos, J Vega, J Vences, S Ventura, A Verdugo, S Vergani, M Verzocchi, K Vetter, M Vicenzi, H Vieira de Souza, C Vignoli, C Vilela, E Villa, S Viola, B Viren, R Vizarreta, AP Vizcaya Hernandez, S Vlachos, G Vorobyev, Q Vuong, AV Waldron, M Wallach, J Walsh, T Walton, L Wan, B Wang, H Wang, J Wang, L Wang, MHLS Wang, X Wang, Y Wang, K Warburton, D Warner, L Warsame, MO Wascko, D Waters, A Watson, K Wawrowska, A Weber, CM Weber, M Weber, H Wei, A Weinstein, S Westerdale, M Wetstein, K Whalen, A White, LH Whitehead, D Whittington, F Wieler, J Wilhlemi, MJ Wilking, A Wilkinson, C Wilkinson, F Wilson, RJ Wilson, P Winter, J Wolcott, J Wolfs, T Wongjirad, A Wood, K Wood, E Worcester, M Worcester, K Wresilo, M Wrobel, S Wu, W Wu, W Wu, M Wurm, J Wyenberg, BM Wynne, Y Xiao, I Xiotidis, B Yaeggy, N Yahlali, E Yandel, J Yang, T Yang, A Yankelevich, L Yates, K Yonehara, T Young, B Yu, H Yu, J Yu, Y Yu, W Yuan, R Zaki, J Zalesak, L Zambelli, B Zamorano, A Zani, O Zapata, L Zazueta, GP Zeller, J Zennamo, J Zettlemoyer, K Zeug, C Zhang, S Zhang, M Zhao, E Zhivun, ED Zimmerman, S Zucchelli, J Zuklin, V Zutshi, R ZwaskaCombining hybrid and opaque scintillator techniques in the search for double beta plus decays
European Physical Journal C Springer Nature 85:2 (2025) 121
Authors:
Manuel Böhlers, Sebastian Böser, Magdalena Eisenhuth, Cloé Girard-Carillo, Kitzia M Hernandez Curiel, Bastian Keßler, Kyra Mossel, Veronika Palušová, Stefan Schoppmann, Alfons Weber, Michael WurmDUNE Phase II: scientific opportunities, detector concepts, technological solutions
Journal of Instrumentation IOP Publishing 19:12 (2024) P12005
Authors:
A Abed Abud, B Abi, R Acciarri, MA Acero, MR Adames, G Adamov, M Adamowski, D Adams, M Adinolfi, C Adriano, A Aduszkiewicz, J Aguilar, F Akbar, K Allison, S Alonso Monsalve, M Alrashed, A Alton, R Alvarez, T Alves, H Amar, P Amedo, J Anderson, C Andreopoulos, M Andreotti, F AzfarAbstract:
The international collaboration designing and constructing the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) has developed a two-phase strategy toward the implementation of this leading-edge, large-scale science project. The 2023 report of the US Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) reaffirmed this vision and strongly endorsed DUNE Phase I and Phase II, as did the European Strategy for Particle Physics. While the construction of the DUNE Phase I is well underway, this White Paper focuses on DUNE Phase II planning. DUNE Phase-II consists of a third and fourth far detector (FD) module, an upgraded near detector complex, and an enhanced 2.1 MW beam. The fourth FD module is conceived as a “Module of Opportunity”, aimed at expanding the physics opportunities, in addition to supporting the core DUNE science program, with more advanced technologies. This document highlights the increased science opportunities offered by the DUNE Phase II near and far detectors, including long-baseline neutrino oscillation physics, neutrino astrophysics, and physics beyond the standard model. It describes the DUNE Phase II near and far detector technologies and detector design concepts that are currently under consideration. A summary of key R&D goals and prototyping phases needed to realize the Phase II detector technical designs is also provided. DUNE's Phase II detectors, along with the increased beam power, will complete the full scope of DUNE, enabling a multi-decadal program of groundbreaking science with neutrinos.First measurement of the total inelastic cross section of positively charged kaons on argon at energies between 5.0 and 7.5 GeV
Physical Review D American Physical Society (APS) 110:9 (2024) 092011