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Pre-inflationary QCD axion stars after moduli domination

Phys.Rev.D 113 (2026) 11, 115052

Authors:

Edward Hardy (Oxford U., Theor. Phys.), Noelia Sánchez González (Oxford U., Theor. Phys.), Henry Stubbs (Oxford U., Theor. Phys.), Lorenzo Tranchedone (Oxford U., Theor. Phys.)

Abstract:

The growth of adiabatic density perturbations during an era of early matter domination induces O(1) fluctuations in pre-inflationary QCD axion dark matter across a broad, string-theory-motivated parameter space. Remarkably, at ΛCDM matter-radiation equality the scale of these perturbations coincides with the quantum Jeans scale, so they collapse to solitonic ''axion stars''. These axion stars have densities up to 10^4 eV^4, and, including their surrounding halos, they contain as much as 50% of dark matter. Direct searches for a smooth axion background can be suppressed, but transient enhancements or indirect astrophysical signals at axion masses m_a ≲ 10^(−5) eV would point to a non-standard cosmological history.
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Pre-inflationary QCD axion stars after moduli domination

(2026)

Authors:

Edward Hardy, Noelia Sánchez González, Henry Stubbs, Lorenzo Tranchedone
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Neural posterior estimation of the neutrino direction in IceCube using transformer-encoded normalizing flows on the sphere

(2026)

Authors:

R Abbasi, M Ackermann, J Adams, JA Aguilar, M Ahlers, JM Alameddine, S Ali, NM Amin, K Andeen, C Argüelles, Y Ashida, S Athanasiadou, SN Axani, R Babu, X Bai, A Balagopal V., SW Barwick, V Basu, R Bay, JJ Beatty, J Becker Tjus, P Behrens, J Beise, C Bellenghi, S Benkel, S BenZvi, D Berley, E Bernardini, DZ Besson, E Blaufuss, L Bloom, S Blot, F Bontempo, JY Book Motzkin, C Boscolo Meneguolo, S Böser, O Botner, J Böttcher, J Braun, B Brinson, Z Brisson-Tsavoussis, RT Burley, D Butterfield, K Carloni, J Carpio, N Chau, Z Chen, D Chirkin, S Choi, A Chubarov, BA Clark, GH Collin, DA Coloma Borja, A Connolly, JM Conrad, DF Cowen, C De Clercq, JJ DeLaunay, D Delgado, T Delmeulle, S Deng, P Desiati, KD de Vries, G de Wasseige, T DeYoung, JC Díaz-Vélez, S DiKerby, T Ding, M Dittmer, A Domi, L Draper, L Dueser, D Durnford, K Dutta, MA DuVernois, T Ehrhardt, L Eidenschink, A Eimer, C Eldridge, P Eller, E Ellinger, D Elsässer, R Engel, H Erpenbeck, W Esmail, S Eulig, J Evans, PA Evenson, KL Fan, K Fang, K Farrag, AR Fazely, A Fedynitch, N Feigl, C Finley, D Fox, A Franckowiak, S Fukami, P Fürst, J Gallagher, E Ganster, A Garcia, M Garcia, E Genton, L Gerhardt, A Ghadimi, C Glaser, T Glüsenkamp, JG Gonzalez, S Goswami, A Granados, D Grant, SJ Gray, S Griffin, KM Groth, D Guevel, C Günther, P Gutjahr, C Ha, A Hallgren, L Halve, F Halzen, L Hamacher, M Handt, K Hanson, J Hardin, AA Harnisch, P Hatch, A Haungs, J Häußler, K Helbing, J Hellrung, B Henke, L Hennig, F Henningsen, L Heuermann, R Hewett, N Heyer, S Hickford, A Hidvegi, C Hill, GC Hill, R Hmaid, KD Hoffman, A Hollnagel, D Hooper, S Hori, K Hoshina, M Hostert, W Hou, M Hrywniak, T Huber, K Hultqvist, K Hymon, A Ishihara, W Iwakiri, M Jacquart, S Jain, O Janik, M Jansson, M Jin, N Kamp, D Kang, W Kang, A Kappes, L Kardum, T Karg, A Karle, A Katil, M Kauer, JL Kelley, M Khanal, A Khatee Zathul, A Kheirandish, T Kim, H Kimku, F Kirchner, J Kiryluk, C Klein, SR Klein, Y Kobayashi, S Koch, A Kochocki, R Koirala, H Kolanoski, T Kontrimas, L Köpke, C Kopper, DJ Koskinen, P Koundal, M Kowalski, T Kozynets, A Kravka, N Krieger, T Krishnan, K Kruiswijk, E Krupczak, A Kumar, E Kun, N Kurahashi, C Lagunas Gualda, L Lallement Arnaud, MJ Larson, F Lauber, JP Lazar, K Leonard DeHolton, A Leszczyńska, C Li, J Liao, C Lin, QR Liu, YT Liu, M Liubarska, C Love, L Lu, F Lucarelli, W Luszczak, Y Lyu, M Macdonald, E Magnus, Y Makino, E Manao, S Mancina, A Mand, IC Mariş, S Marka, Z Marka, L Marten, I Martinez-Soler, R Maruyama, J Mauro, F Mayhew, F McNally, K Meagher, A Medina, M Meier, Y Merckx, L Merten, J Mitchell, L Molchany, S Mondal, T Montaruli, RW Moore, Y Morii, A Mosbrugger, D Mousadi, E Moyaux, T Mukherjee, M Nakos, U Naumann, J Necker, L Neste, M Neumann, H Niederhausen, MU Nisa, K Noda, A Noell, A Novikov, A Obertacke, V O'Dell, A Olivas, R Orsoe, J Osborn, E O'Sullivan, B Owens, V Palusova, H Pandya, A Parenti, N Park, V Parrish, EN Paudel, L Paul, C Pérez de los Heros, T Pernice, TC Petersen, J Peterson, S Pick, M Plum, A Pontén, V Poojyam, B Pries, R Procter-Murphy, GT Przybylski, L Pyras, C Raab, J Rack-Helleis, N Rad, M Ravn, K Rawlins, Z Rechav, A Rehman, I Reistroffer, E Resconi, S Reusch, CD Rho, W Rhode, L Ricca, B Riedel, A Rifaie, EJ Roberts, S Rodan, M Rongen, A Rosted, C Rott, T Ruhe, L Ruohan, D Ryckbosch, J Saffer, D Salazar-Gallegos, P Sampathkumar, A Sandrock, G Sanger-Johnson, M Santander, S Sarkar, M Scarnera, M Schaufel, H Schieler, S Schindler, L Schlickmann, B Schlüter, F Schlüter, N Schmeisser, T Schmidt, A Scholz, FG Schröder, S Schwirn, S Sclafani, D Seckel, L Seen, M Seikh, S Seunarine, PA Sevle Myhr, R Shah, S Shah, S Shefali, N Shimizu, B Skrzypek, R Snihur, J Soedingrekso, D Soldin, P Soldin, G Sommani, C Spannfellner, GM Spiczak, C Spiering, J Stachurska, M Stamatikos, T Stanev, T Stezelberger, T Stürwald, T Stuttard, GW Sullivan, I Taboada, S Ter-Antonyan, A Terliuk, A Thakuri, M Thiesmeyer, WG Thompson, J Thwaites, S Tilav, K Tollefson, JA Torres, S Toscano, D Tosi, K Upshaw, A Vaidyanathan, N Valtonen-Mattila, J Valverde, J Vandenbroucke, T Van Eeden, N van Eijndhoven, L Van Rootselaar, J van Santen, J Vara, F Varsi, M Venugopal, M Vereecken, S Vergara Carrasco, S Verpoest, D Veske, A Vijai, J Villarreal, C Walck, A Wang, EHS Warrick, C Weaver, P Weigel, A Weindl, J Weldert, AY Wen, C Wendt, J Werthebach, M Weyrauch, N Whitehorn, CH Wiebusch, DR Williams, L Witthaus, G Wrede, XW Xu, JP Yanez, Y Yao, E Yildizci, S Yoshida, R Young, F Yu, S Yu, T Yuan, S Yun-Cárcamo, A Zander Jurowitzki, A Zegarelli, S Zhang, Z Zhang, P Zhelnin, P Zilberman
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Chasing Gamma-Ray Signals from Binary Neutron Star Coalescences with the Cherenkov Telescope Array: Prospects and Observing Strategies

(2026)

Authors:

S Abe, J Abhir, A Abhishek, F Acero, A Acharyya, R Adam, A Aguasca-Cabot, I Agudo, I Albanese, J Alfaro, C Alispach, R Alves Batista, E Amato, G Ambrosi, D Ambrosino, F Ambrosino, L Angel, C Aramo, A Arbet-Engels, C Arcaro, C Arena, TTH Arnesen, K Asano, H Ashkar, C Bakshi, C Balazs, M Balbo, A Baquero Larriva, V Barbosa Martins, JA Barrio, C Bartolini, I Batkovic, R Batzofin, N Bavdaz, J Becerra Gonzalez, G Beck, W Benbow, E Bernardini, MG Bernardini, J Bernete, A Berti, B Bertucci, V Beshley, P Bhattacharjee, S Bhattacharyya, C Bigongiari, A Biland, E Bissaldi, M Bla na, O Blanch, J Blazek, C Boisson, G Bonnoli, Z Bosnjak, E Bottacini, M Bottcher, E Bronzini, G Brunelli, J Buces Saez, A Bulgarelli, T Bulik, L Burmistrov, PG Calisse, A Campoy-Ordaz, BK Cantlay, G Capasso, A Caproni, R Capuzzo-Dolcetta, M Cardillo, S Caroff, A Carosi, E Carquin, S Casanova, E Cascone, F Cassol, G Castignani, F Catalani, D Cerasole, M Cerruti, PM Chadwick, S Chaty, AW Chen, Y Chen, M Chernyakova, A Chiavassa, G Chon, J Chudoba, L Chytka, GM Cicciari, A Cifuentes Santos, CH Coimbra Araujo, JL Contreras, B Cornejo, J Cortina, A Costa, G Cotter, P Cristofari, O Cuevas, Z Curtis-Ginsberg, G D'Amico, F D'Ammando, P D'Avanzo, P Da Vela, L David, F Dazzi, M de Bony de Lavergne, V De Caprio, EM de Gouveia Dal Pino, B De Lotto, M de Naurois, V de Souza, L del Peral, MV del Valle, C Delgado, D della Volpe, D Depaoli, A Dettlaff, L Di Bella, T Di Girolamo, A Di Piano, F Di Pierro, R Di Tria, L Di Venere, R Dima, A Dinesh, E Do Souto Espiñeira, D Dominis Prester, A Donini, D Dorner, J Dorner, M Doro, L Ducci, VV Dwarkadas, J Ebr, C Eckner, K Egberts, L Eisenberger, D Elsasser, G Emery, C Escanuela Nieves, P Escarate, M Escobar Godoy, J Escudero Pedrosa, P Esposito, D Falceta-Goncalves, E Fedorova, S Fegan, K Feijen, Q Feng, G Ferrand, E Fiandrini, A Fiasson, M Filipovic, V Fioretti, L Foffano, G Fontaine, Y Fukazawa, Y Fukui, G Galanti, G Galaz, S Gallozzi, V Gammaldi, M Garczarczyk, C Gasbarra, D Gasparrini, M Gaug, G Ghirlanda, JG Giesbrecht Formiga Paiva, N Giglietto, F Giordano, M Giroletti, R Giuffrida, J-F Glicenstein, P Goldoni, JM Gonzalez, J Goulart Coelho, T Gradetzke, J Granot, R Grau, D Green, JG Green, J Grube, J Hackfeld, D Hadasch, A Hahn, P Hamal, W Hanlon, S Hara, VM Harvey, T Hassan, K Hayashi, L Heckmann, N Hiroshima, B Hnatyk, R Hnatyk, D Horan, P Horvath, D Hrupec, S Hussain, M Iarlori, T Inada, F Incardona, S Inoue, F Iocco, A Iuliano, Jahanvi, M Jamrozy, P Janecek, F Jankowsky, C Jarnot, I Jaroschewski, P Jean, V Jilek, J Jimenez Quiles, W Jin, E Joshi, J Jurysek, V Karas, H Katagiri, J Kataoka, S Kaufmann, T Keita, D Kerszberg, M Kherlakian, DB Kieda, R Kissmann, T Kleiner, Y Kobayashi, K Kohri, D Kolar, N Komin, A Kong, K Kosack, D Kostunin, G Kowal, H Kubo, J Kushida, A La Barbera, N La Palombara, B Lacave, M Lainez, A Lamastra, J Lapington, S Lazarevic, J-P Lenain, F Leone, E Leonora, G Leto, E Lindfors, S Lombardi, F Longo, R Lopez-Coto, M Lopez-Moya, A Lopez-Oramas, J Lozano Bahilo, PL Luque-Escamilla, E Lyard, O Macias, P Majumdar, M Makariev, D Mandat, S Mangano, A Marchetti, M Mariotti, S Markoff, I Marquez, G Marsella, O Martinez, G Maurin, D Mazin, D Melkumyan, S Menon, E Mestre, DM-A Meyer, D Miceli, M Miceli, M Michailidis, T Miener, JM Miranda, R Moderski, M Molero, C Molfese, E Molina, K Morik, A Morselli, E Moulin, AL Muller, K Munari, T Murach, A Muraczewski, H Muraishi, T Nakamori, R Nemmen, J Niemiec, D Nieto, M Nievas Rosillo, L Nikolic, K Noda, D Nosek, V Novotny, S Nozaki, A Okumura, RA Ong, R Orito, M Orlandini, E Orlando, S Orlando, J Otero-Santos, I Oya, M Ozlati Moghadam, A Pagliaro, M Palatiello, A Pandey, G Panebianco, D Paneque, FR Pantaleo, JM Paredes, B Patricelli, A Pe'er, M Pech, M Pecimotika, M Peresano, E Peretti, J Perez-Romero, G Peron, F Perrotta, M Persic, O Petruk, F Pfeifle, E Pietropaolo, M Pihet, L Pinchbeck, F Pintore, G Pirola, C Pittori, F Podobnik, M Pohl, V Pollet, G Ponti, E Prandini, G Principe, M Prouza, E Pueschel, G Puhlhofer, ML Pumo, M Punch, A Quirrenbach, S Raino, R Rando, S Recchia, A Reimer, O Reimer, I Reis, A Reisenegger, W Rhode, M Ribo, C Ricci, T Richtler, J Rico, L Riitano, V Rizi, E Roache, G Rodriguez Fernandez, P Romano, G Romeo, J Rosado, A Rosales de Leon, A Roy, I Sadeh, L Saha, T Saito, M Sanchez-Conde, P Sangiorgi, H Sano, R Santos-Lima, V Sapienza, S Sarkar, FG Saturni, A Scherer, F Schiavone, P Schipani, P Schovanek, F Schussler, O Sergijenko, H Siejkowski, A Simongini, V Sliusar, A Slowikowska, I Sofia, H Sol, S Spinello, A Stamerra, T Starecki, R Starling, T Stolarczyk, Y Suda, A Sunny, T Suomijarvi, R Takeishi, SJ Tanaka, F Tavecchio, T Tavernier, Y Terada, M Teshima, V Testa, WW Tian, Y Tian, L Tibaldo, O Tibolla, SJ Tingay, CJ Todero Peixoto, F Tombesi, D Tonev, F Torradeflot, DF Torres, N Tothill, G Tovmassian, G Tripodo, A Trois, A Tsiahina, A Tutone, L Vaclavek, M Vacula, C van Eldik, J Vandenbroucke, V Vassiliev, M Vazquez Acosta, M Vecchi, S Vercellone, SD Vergani, I Viale, A Viana, A Vigliano, J Vignatti, CF Vigorito, J Villanueva, E Visentin, V Voitsekhovskyi, S Vorobiov, I Vovk, T Vuillaume, R Walter, M Wechakama, M White, A Wierzcholska, M Will, F Wohlleben, A Wolter, F Xotta, T Yamamoto, R Yamazaki, T Yoshikoshi, M Zacharias, G Zaharijas, R Zanmar Sanchez, D Zavrtanik, M Zavrtanik, A Zech, VI Zhdanov, J Zuriaga-Puig
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Statistical patterns in the equations of physics and the emergence of a meta-law of nature

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences The Royal Society 384:2317 (2026) 20250091

Authors:

Andrei Constantin, Pedro Ferreira, Harry Desmond, Deaglan Bartlett

Abstract:

Physics seeks to uncover the laws of Nature and express them through mathematical equations . Despite the vast diversity of natural phenomena, physical equations exhibit structural regularities that set them apart from arbitrary mathematical expressions. While principles such as dimensional analysis have long guided the formulation of physical models, the exploration of more subtle statistical patterns within the equations of physics remains an open question. Here, by analysing four corpora of physics equations and applying advanced implicit-likelihood techniques, we find that the frequency of mathematical operators follows an exponential decay law, in contrast to Zipf's power law for word frequencies in natural languages. This reveals a statistical meta-law of physics, possibly reflecting a combination of communication efficiency and constraints imposed by Nature itself. The meta-law offers practical benefits for symbolic regression by drastically narrowing down the space of physically plausible expressions. More broadly, it may inform the development of language models that can generate coherent mathematical representations, advancing the automation of physical law discovery. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Symbolic regression in the physical sciences'.
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