Astronomical instrumentation

Abstract:

The Fibre Multi-Object Spectrograph (FMOS) is a second-generation common-use instrument of the Subaru telescope. Under an international collaboration scheme of Japan, UK, and Australia, a realistic design of FMOS has been already in completion, and the fabrications of hardware components have been in progress. We present the overall design details together with the special features of FMOS subsystems, such as the prime focus corrector, the prime focus mechanical unit including fibre positioners, and the near-infrared spectrograph, etc.

Abstract:

Echelle spectroscopy of [Si VI] 1.96 μm, [Mg VIII] 3.03 μm, and [Ar VI] 4.53 μm, using UKIRT+CGS4, shows the line pro les in PN NGC 6302 are singly peaked and unresolved even at R ∼ 20 000, with line widths less than 22 kms-1. A photoionized structure is evidenced by spatial and velocity stratification as a function of ionization potential. But a variety of models, with density and Te gradients, reproduce the spectrum equally well. Preliminary analysis of the 3000-10000 Å echellogram of NGC 6302, acquired at R ∼ 80 000 using VLT+UVES, confirms the stratified nebular structure, but yields intriguing results concerning the line profiles: [Ne V] 3426 Å is broader than [Ne IV] 4723 Å. These observations rule out the existence of an evacuated cavity, or hot bubble, at least on 1″ and 3 km s-1 scales. We do not confirm the broad wings in [Ne V] 3426 Å reported by Meaburn & Walsh (1980).

Abstract:

The first of two Gemini Multi Object Spectrographs (GMOS) has recently begun operation at the Gemini-North 8m telescope. In this presentation we give an overview of the instrument and describe the overall performance of GMOS-North both in the laboratory during integration, and at the telescope during commissioning. We describe the development process which led to meeting the demanding reliability and performance requirements on flexure, throughput and image quality. We then show examples of GMOS data and performance on the telescope in its imaging, long-slit and MOS modes. We also briefly highlight novel features in GMOS that are described in more detail in separate presentations, particularly the flexure compensation system and the on-instrument wavefront sensor. Finally we give an update of the current status of GMOS on Gemini-North and future plans.

Abstract:

Of the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph's (GMOS) scientific requirements, one which led to technically interesting areas was the ability to measure velocities to a accuracy of 2 km/s over the entire 5.5 arcminute square field. GMOS's design to meet this requirement includes a mechanical design for stiffness and without hysteresis or image rotation, and an open loop flexure control system which translates the detector position to compensate for flexure. The model used to predict the flexure is an empirical one developed from measured flexure results. In this paper we present the analysis of factors which enable meeting the 2 km/s requirement, and the observing strategies needed to make those observations. We look in particular detail at the development and test of that flexure compensation system, including both lab results and on-telescope results.

Abstract:

The Gemini Multiobject Spectrographs (GMOS) were designed to take advantage of the exquisite image quality expected of the Gemini telescopes. To achieve this, two of the many requirements placed on the optical system was that it not degrade the best image quality expected of the telescope by more than 10% while delivering a throughput of about 80% over the entire 0.4-1 μm waveband. In this paper, key components of the design and execution of this optical system are discussed and test results are presented demonstrating that it meets these requirements on Gemini today. Among other characteristics, we look at the image quality performance as a function of colour and field angle, the measured throughput, and the focalplane flatness on the detectors.