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Abiotic Formation of Methane and Prebiotic Molecules on Mars and Other Planets

ACS Earth and Space Chemistry American Chemical Society (ACS) 5:5 (2021) 1172-1179

Authors:

Svatopluk Civiš, Antonín Knížek
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Observations of plumes from the 2019 Raikoke eruption with the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI)

(2021)

Authors:

Isabelle A Taylor, Roy G Grainger, Tamsin A Mather

Abstract:

<p>Raikoke, a remote volcano in the Kuril Islands, erupted on the 21<sup>st</sup> June 2019. The eruption injected significant quantities of SO<sub>2</sub> into the atmosphere along with volcanic ash. These plumes have been studied with tools developed for the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) by the Earth Observation Data Group (EODG) at the University of Oxford. IASI is a hyperspectral sensor onboard of three meteorological satellites (Metop A, B and C). Each instrument obtains near global coverage twice a day and has a spectral range which includes sensitivity to both SO<sub>2</sub> and ash: making them useful for studying the Raikoke plumes. A fast linear SO<sub>2</sub> retrieval was first applied to flag pixels with elevated amounts of SO<sub>2</sub>. With this tool it was possible to follow the Raikoke plume as it circulated the northern hemisphere above 30 degrees, with parts of the plume still visible around 2 months after the eruption took place. Next an iterative SO<sub>2</sub> retrieval was used to quantify the amount and height of the SO<sub>2</sub> in each pixel. In the first few days after the eruption took place, very high column amounts are recorded, in some cases exceeding 600 DU. Using this retrieval, a preliminary estimate of 1.6 Tg was obtained for the total amount of SO<sub>2 </sub>emitted (measured on the 23<sup>rd</sup> of June). Height information from this technique shows that there were probably multiple injection heights during the eruption and that SO<sub>2</sub> was emitted into both the troposphere and stratosphere. The tropospheric plume remains visible for just a few days after the eruption, while the stratospheric portion of the plume persists for several weeks.</p>
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Ariel: Enabling planetary science across light-years

(2021)

Authors:

Giovanna Tinetti, Paul Eccleston, Carole Haswell, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Jérémy Leconte, Theresa Lüftinger, Giusi Micela, Michel Min, Göran Pilbratt, Ludovic Puig, Mark Swain, Leonardo Testi, Diego Turrini, Bart Vandenbussche, Maria Rosa Zapatero Osorio, Anna Aret, Jean-Philippe Beaulieu, Lars Buchhave, Martin Ferus, Matt Griffin, Manuel Guedel, Paul Hartogh, Pedro Machado, Giuseppe Malaguti, Enric Pallé, Mirek Rataj, Tom Ray, Ignasi Ribas, Robert Szabó, Jonathan Tan, Stephanie Werner, Francesco Ratti, Carsten Scharmberg, Jean-Christophe Salvignol, Nathalie Boudin, Jean-Philippe Halain, Martin Haag, Pierre-Elie Crouzet, Ralf Kohley, Kate Symonds, Florian Renk, Andrew Caldwell, Manuel Abreu, Gustavo Alonso, Jerome Amiaux, Michel Berthé, Georgia Bishop, Neil Bowles, Manuel Carmona, Deirdre Coffey, Josep Colomé, Martin Crook, Lucile Désjonqueres, José J Díaz, Rachel Drummond, Mauro Focardi, Jose M Gómez, Warren Holmes, Matthijs Krijger, Zsolt Kovacs, Tom Hunt, Richardo Machado, Gianluca Morgante, Marc Ollivier, Roland Ottensamer, Emanuele Pace, Teresa Pagano, Enzo Pascale, Chris Pearson, Søren Møller Pedersen, Moshe Pniel, Stéphane Roose, Giorgio Savini, Richard Stamper, Peter Szirovicza, Janos Szoke, Ian Tosh, Francesc Vilardell, Joanna Barstow, Luca Borsato, Sarah Casewell, Quentin Changeat, Benjamin Charnay, Svatopluk Civiš, Vincent Coudé du Foresto, Athena Coustenis, Nicolas Cowan, Camilla Danielski, Olivier Demangeon, Pierre Drossart, Billy N Edwards, Gabriella Gilli, Therese Encrenaz, Csaba Kiss, Anastasia Kokori, Masahiro Ikoma, Juan Carlos Morales, João Mendonça, Andrea Moneti, Lorenzo Mugnai, Antonio García Muñoz, Ravit Helled, Mihkel Kama, Yamila Miguel, Nikos Nikolaou, Isabella Pagano, Olja Panic, Miriam Rengel, Hans Rickman, Marco Rocchetto, Subhajit Sarkar, Franck Selsis, Jonathan Tennyson, Angelos Tsiaras, Olivia Venot, Krisztián Vida, Ingo P Waldmann, Sergey Yurchenko, Gyula Szabó, Rob Zellem, Ahmed Al-Refaie, Javier Perez Alvarez, Lara Anisman, Axel Arhancet, Jaume Ateca, Robin Baeyens, John R Barnes, Taylor Bell, Serena Benatti, Katia Biazzo, Maria Błęcka, Aldo Stefano Bonomo, José Bosch, Diego Bossini, Jeremy Bourgalais, Daniele Brienza, Anna Brucalassi, Giovanni Bruno, Hamish Caines, Simon Calcutt, Tiago Campante, Rodolfo Canestrari, Nick Cann, Giada Casali, Albert Casas, Giuseppe Cassone, Christophe Cara, Manuel Carmona, Ludmila Carone, Nathalie Carrasco, Quentin Changeat, Paolo Chioetto, Fausto Cortecchia, Markus Czupalla, Katy L Chubb, Angela Ciaravella, Antonio Claret, Riccardo Claudi, Claudio Codella, Maya Garcia Comas, Gianluca Cracchiolo, Patricio Cubillos, Vania Da Peppo, Leen Decin, Clemence Dejabrun, Elisa Delgado-Mena, Anna Di Giorgio, Emiliano Diolaiti, Caroline Dorn, Vanessa Doublier, Eric Doumayrou, Georgina Dransfield, Luc Dumaye, Emma Dunford, Antonio Jimenez Escobar, Vincent Van Eylen, Maria Farina, Davide Fedele, Alejandro Fernández, Benjamin Fleury, Sergio Fonte, Jean Fontignie, Luca Fossati, Bernd Funke, Camille Galy, Zoltán Garai, Andrés García, Alberto García-Rigo, Antonio Garufi, Giuseppe Germano Sacco, Paolo Giacobbe, Alejandro Gómez, Arturo Gonzalez, Francisco Gonzalez-Galindo, Davide Grassi, Caitlin Griffith, Mario Giuseppe Guarcello, Audrey Goujon, Amélie Gressier, Aleksandra Grzegorczyk, Tristan Guillot, Gloria Guilluy, Peter Hargrave, Marie-Laure Hellin, Enrique Herrero, Matt Hills, Benoit Horeau, Yuichi Ito, Niels Christian Jessen, Petr Kabath, Szilárd Kálmán, Yui Kawashima, Tadahiro Kimura, Antonín Knížek, Laura Kreidberg, Ronald Kruid, Diederik JM Kruijssen, Petr Kubelík, Luisa Lara, Sebastien Lebonnois, David Lee, Maxence Lefevre, Tim Lichtenberg, Daniele Locci, Matteo Lombini, Alejandro Sanchez Lopez, Andrea Lorenzani, Ryan MacDonald, Laura Magrini, Jesus Maldonado, Emmanuel Marcq, Alessandra Migliorini, Darius Modirrousta-Galian, Karan Molaverdikhani, Sergio Molinari, Paul Mollière, Vincent Moreau, Giuseppe Morello, Gilles Morinaud, Mario Morvan, Julianne I Moses, Salima Mouzali, Nariman Nakhjiri, Luca Naponiello, Norio Narita, Valerio Nascimbeni, Athanasia Nikolaou, Vladimiro Noce, Fabrizio Oliva, Pietro Palladino, Andreas Papageorgiou, Vivien Parmentier, Giovanni Peres, Javier Pérez, Santiago Perez-Hoyos, Manuel Perger, Cesare Cecchi Pestellini, Antonino Petralia, Anne Philippon, Arianna Piccialli, Marco Pignatari, Giampaolo Piotto, Linda Podio, Gianluca Polenta, Giampaolo Preti, Theodor Pribulla, Manuel Lopez Puertas, Monica Rainer, Jean-Michel Reess, Paul Rimmer, Séverine Robert, Albert Rosich, Loic Rossi, Duncan Rust, Ayman Saleh, Nicoletta Sanna, Eugenio Schisano, Laura Schreiber, Victor Schwartz, Antonio Scippa, Bálint Seli, Sho Shibata, Caroline Simpson, Oliver Shorttle, N Skaf, Konrad Skup, Mateusz Sobiecki, Sergio Sousa, Alessandro Sozzetti, Judit Šponer, Lukas Steiger, Paolo Tanga, Paul Tackley, Jake Taylor, Matthias Tecza, Luca Terenzi, Pascal Tremblin, Andrea Tozzi, Amaury Triaud, Loïc Trompet, Shang-Min Tsai, Maria Tsantaki, Diana Valencia, Ann Carine Vandaele, Mathieu Van der Swaelmen, Adibekyan Vardan, Gautam Vasisht, Allona Vazan, Ciro Del Vecchio, Dave Waltham, Piotr Wawer, Thomas Widemann, Paulina Wolkenberg, Gordon Hou Yip, Yuk Yung, Mantas Zilinskas, Tiziano Zingales, Paola Zuppella
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Application of a dielectric breakdown induced by high-power lasers for a laboratory simulation of meteor plasma

Experimental Astronomy Springer Science and Business Media LLC 51:2 (2021) 425-451

Authors:

Anna Křivková, Lukáš Petera, Vojtěch Laitl, Petr Kubelík, Elias Chatzitheodoridis, Libor Lenža, Jakub Koukal, Antonín Knížek, Roman Dudžák, Dan Páclík, Svatopluk Civiš, Miroslav Krůs, Martin Ferus
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Extremely fast retrieval of volcanic SO2 layer heights from UV satellite data using inverse learning machines

Copernicus Publications (2021)

Authors:

Pascal Hedelt, MariLiza Koukouli, Konstantinos Michaelidis, Taylor Isabelle, Dimitris Balis, Don Grainger, Dmitry Efremenko, Diego Loyola

Abstract:

Precise knowledge of the location and height of the volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO2) plume is essential for accurate determination of SO2 emitted by volcanic eruptions, however so far not available in operational near-real time UV satellite retrievals. The FP_ILM algorithm (Full-Physics Inverse Learning Machine) enables for the first time to extract the SO2 layer height information in a matter of seconds for current UV satellites and is thus applicable in NRT environments.

The FP_ILM combines a principal component analysis (PCA) and a neural network approach (NN) to extract the information about the volcanic SO2 layer height from high-resolution UV satellite backscatter measurements. So far, UV based SO2 layer height retrieval algorithms were very time-consuming and therefore not suitable for near-real-time applications like aviation control, although the SO2 LH is essential for accurate determination of SO2 emitted by volcanic eruptions.

In this presentation, we will present the latest FP_ILM algorithm improvements and show results of recent volcanic eruptions.

The SO2 layer height product for Sentinel-5p/TROPOMI is developed in the framework of the SO2 Layer Height (S5P+I: SO2 LH) project, which is part of ESA Sentinel-5p+ Innovation project (S5P+I). The S5P+I project aims to develop novel scientific and operational products to exploit the potential of the S5P/TROPOMI capabilities. The S5P+I: SO2 LH project is dedicated to the generation of an SO2 LH product and its extensive verification with collocated ground- and space-born measurements.

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