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Measurement of the tt̄ production cross section in pp̄ collisions at √s=1.96TeV using events with large missing transverse energy and jets

Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology 84:3 (2011)

Authors:

T Aaltonen, B Álvarez González, S Amerio, D Amidei, A Anastassov, A Annovi, J Antos, G Apollinari, JA Appel, A Apresyan, T Arisawa, A Artikov, J Asaadi, W Ashmanskas, B Auerbach, A Aurisano, F Azfar, W Badgett, A Barbaro-Galtieri, VE Barnes, BA Barnett, P Barria, P Bartos, M Bauce, G Bauer, F Bedeschi, D Beecher, S Behari, G Bellettini, J Bellinger, D Benjamin, A Beretvas, A Bhatti, M Binkley, D Bisello, I Bizjak, KR Bland, B Blumenfeld, A Bocci, A Bodek, D Bortoletto, J Boudreau, A Boveia, B Brau, L Brigliadori, A Brisuda, C Bromberg, E Brucken, M Bucciantonio, J Budagov, HS Budd, S Budd, K Burkett, G Busetto, P Bussey, A Buzatu, C Calancha, S Camarda, M Campanelli, M Campbell, F Canelli, A Canepa, B Carls, D Carlsmith, R Carosi, S Carrillo, S Carron, B Casal, M Casarsa, A Castro, P Catastini, D Cauz, V Cavaliere, M Cavalli-Sforza, A Cerri, L Cerrito, YC Chen, M Chertok, G Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, F Chlebana, K Cho, D Chokheli, JP Chou, WH Chung, YS Chung, CI Ciobanu, MA Ciocci, A Clark, G Compostella, ME Convery, J Conway, M Corbo, M Cordelli, CA Cox, DJ Cox, F Crescioli, C Cuenca Almenar, J Cuevas, R Culbertson

Abstract:

In this paper we report a measurement of the tt̄ production cross section in pp̄ collisions at √s=1.96TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.2fb-1 collected with the CDF II detector at the Tevatron accelerator. We select events with significant missing transverse energy and high jet multiplicity. This measurement vetoes the presence of explicitly identified electrons and muons, thus enhancing the tau contribution of tt̄ decays. Signal events are discriminated from the background using a neural network, and heavy flavor jets are identified by a secondary-vertex tagging algorithm. We measure a tt̄ production cross section of 7.99±0.55(stat)±0.76(syst)±0.46(lumi) pb, assuming a top mass mtop=172.5GeV/c2, in agreement with previous measurements and standard model predictions. © 2011 American Physical Society.
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Search for WZ+ZZ production with MET + jets with b enhancement at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV

(2011)

Authors:

CDF Collaboration, T Aaltonen, B Álvarez Gonzálezv, S Amerio, D Amidei, A Anastassov, A Annovi, J Antos, G Apollinari, JA Appel, A Apresyan, T Arisawa, A Artikov, J Asaadi, W Ashmanskas, B Auerbach, A Aurisano, F Azfar, W Badgett, A Barbaro-Galtieri, VE Barnes, BA Barnett, P Barriaee, P Bartos, M Baucecc, G Bauer, F Bedeschi, D Beecher, S Behari, G Bellettinidd, J Bellinger, D Benjamin, A Beretvas, A Bhatti, M Binkley, D Bisellocc, I Bizjakii, KR Bland, C Blocker, B Blumenfeld, A Bocci, A Bodek, D Bortoletto, J Boudreau, A Boveia, B Braua, L Brigliadoribb, A Brisuda, C Bromberg, E Brucken, M Bucciantoniodd, J Budagov, HS Budd, S Budd, K Burkett, G Busettocc, P Bussey, A Buzatu, S Cabrerax, C Calancha, S Camarda, M Campanelli, M Campbell, F Canelli, A Canepa, B Carls, D Carlsmith, R Carosi, S Carrillok, S Carron, B Casal, M Casarsa, A Castrobb, P Catastini, D Cauz, V Cavaliereee, M Cavalli-Sforza, A Cerrif, L Cerritoq, YC Chen, M Chertok, G Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, F Chlebana, K Cho, D Chokheli, JP Chou, WH Chung, YS Chung, CI Ciobanu, MA Ciocciee, A Clark, D Clark, G Compostellacc, ME Convery, J Conway, M Corbo, M Cordelli, CA Cox, DJ Cox, F Cresciolidd, C Cuenca Almenar, J Cuevasv, R Culbertson, D Dagenhart, N d'Ascenzot, M Datta, P de Barbaro, S De Cecco, G De Lorenzo, M Dell'Orsodd, C Deluca, L Demortier, J Dengc, M Deninno, F Devoto, M d'Erricocc, A Di Cantodd, B Di Ruzza, JR Dittmann, M D'Onofrio, S Donatidd, P Dong, T Dorigo, K Ebina, A Elagin, A Eppig, R Erbacher, D Errede, S Errede, N Ershaidataa, R Eusebi, HC Fang, S Farrington, M Feindt, JP Fernandez, C Ferrazzaff, R Field, G Flanaganr, R Forrest, MJ Frank, M Franklin, JC Freeman, I Furic, M Gallinaro, J Galyardt, JE Garcia, AF Garfinkel, P Garosiee, H Gerberich, E Gerchtein, S Giagugg, V Giakoumopoulou, P Giannetti, K Gibson, CM Ginsburg, N Giokaris, P Giromini, M Giunta, G Giurgiu, V Glagolev, D Glenzinski, M Gold, D Goldin, N Goldschmidt, A Golossanov, G Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, M Goncharov, O González, I Gorelov, AT Goshaw, K Goulianos, A Gresele, S Grinstein, C Grosso-Pilcher, RC Group, J Guimaraes da Costa, Z Gunay-Unalan, C Haber, SR Hahn, E Halkiadakis, A Hamaguchi, JY Han, F Happacher, K Hara, D Hare, M Hare, RF Harr, K Hatakeyama, C Hays, M Heck, J Heinrich, M Herndon, S Hewamanage, D Hidas, A Hocker, W Hopkins, D Horn, S Hou, RE Hughes, M Hurwitz, U Husemann, N Hussain, M Hussein, J Huston, G Introzzi, M Iorigg, A Ivanovo, E James, D Jang, B Jayatilaka, EJ Jeon, MK Jha, S Jindariani, W Johnson, M Jones, KK Joo, SY Jun, TR Junk, T Kamon, PE Karchin, Y Katon, W Ketchum, J Keung, V Khotilovich, B Kilminster, DH Kim, HS Kim, HW Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kim, N Kimura, S Klimenko, K Kondo, DJ Kong, J Konigsberg, A Korytov, AV Kotwal, M Kreps, J Kroll, D Krop, N Krumnackl, M Kruse, V Krutelyovd, T Kuhr, M Kurata, S Kwang, AT Laasanen, S Lami, S Lammel, M Lancaster, RL Lander, K Lannonu, A Lath, G Latinoee, I Lazzizzera, T LeCompte, E Lee, HS Lee, JS Lee, SW Leew, S Leodd, S Leone, JD Lewis, C-J Lin, J Linacre, M Lindgren, E Lipeles, A Lister, DO Litvintsev, C Liu, Q Liu, T Liu, S Lockwitz, NS Lockyer, A Loginov, D Lucchesicc, J Lueck, P Lujan, P Lukens, G Lungu, J Lys, R Lysak, R Madrak, K Maeshima, K Makhoul, P Maksimovic, S Malik, G Mancab, A Manousakis-Katsikakis, F Margaroli, C Marino, M Martínez, R Martínez-Ballarín, P Mastrandrea, M Mathis, ME Mattson, P Mazzanti, KS McFarland, P McIntyre, R McNultyi, A Mehta, P Mehtala, A Menzione, C Mesropian, T Miao, D Mietlicki, A Mitra, H Miyake, S Moed, N Moggi, MN Mondragonk, CS Moon, R Moore, MJ Morello, J Morlock, P Movilla Fernandez, A Mukherjee, Th Muller, P Murat, M Mussinibb, J Nachtmanm, Y Nagai, J Naganoma, I Nakano, A Napier, J Nett, C Neuz, MS Neubauer, J Nielsene, L Nodulman, O Norniella, E Nurse, L Oakes, SH Oh, YD Oh, I Oksuzian, T Okusawa, R Orava, L Ortolan, S Pagan Grisocc, C Pagliarone, E Palenciaf, V Papadimitriou, AA Paramonov, J Patrick, G Paulettahh, M Paulini, C Paus, DE Pellett, A Penzo, TJ Phillips, G Piacentino, E Pianori, J Pilot, K Pitts, C Plager, L Pondrom, S Poprocki, K Potamianos, O Poukhov, F Prokoshiny, A Pronko, F Ptohosh, E Pueschel, G Punzidd, J Pursley, A Rahaman, V Ramakrishnan, N Ranjan, I Redondo, P Renton, M Rescigno, F Rimondibb, L Ristori, A Robson, T Rodrigo, T Rodriguez, E Rogers, S Rolli, R Roser, M Rossi, F Ruffiniee, A Ruiz, J Russ, V Rusu, A Safonov, WK Sakumoto, L Santihh, L Sartori, K Sato, V Savelievt, A Savoy-Navarro, P Schlabach, A Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmidt, M Schmitt, T Schwarz, L Scodellaro, A Scribanoee, F Scuri, A Sedov, S Seidel, Y Seiya, A Semenov, F Sforzadd, A Sfyrla, SZ Shalhout, T Shears, PF Shepard, M Shimojimas, S Shiraishi, M Shochet, I Shreyber, A Simonenko, P Sinervo, A Sissakian, K Sliwa, JR Smith, FD Snider, A Soha, S Somalwar, V Sorin, P Squillacioti, M Stanitzki, R St Denis, B Stelzer, O Stelzer-Chilton, D Stentz, J Strologas, GL Strycker, Y Sudo, A Sukhanov, I Suslov, K Takemasa, Y Takeuchi, J Tang, M Tecchio, PK Teng, J Thom, J Thome, GA Thompson, E Thomson, P Ttito-Guzmán, S Tkaczyk, D Toback, S Tokar, K Tollefson, T Tomura, D Tonelli, S Torre, D Torretta, P Totarohh, M Trovatoff, Y Tu, N Turiniee, F Ukegawa, S Uozumi, A Varganov, E Vatagaff, F Vázquez, G Velev, C Vellidis, M Vidal, I Vila, R Vilar, M Vogel, G Volpidd, P Wagner, RL Wagner, T Wakisaka, R Wallny, SM Wang, A Warburton, D Waters, M Weinberger, WC Wester, B Whitehouse, D Whitesonc, AB Wicklund, E Wicklund, S Wilbur, F Wick, HH Williams, JS Wilson, P Wilson, BL Winer, P Wittich, S Wolbers, H Wolfe, T Wright, X Wu, Z Wu, K Yamamoto, J Yamaoka, T Yang, UK Yangp, YC Yang, W-M Yao, GP Yeh, K Yim, J Yoh, K Yorita, T Yoshidaj, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yu, JC Yun, A Zanetti, Y Zeng, S Zucchelli
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Measurement of the top-quark mass in the lepton+jets channel using a matrix element technique with the CDF II detector

(2011)

Authors:

CDF Collaboration, T Aaltonen, B Álvarez Gonzálezv, S Amerio, D Amidei, A Anastassov, A Annovi, J Antos, G Apollinari, JA Appel, A Apresyan, T Arisawa, A Artikov, J Asaadi, W Ashmanskas, B Auerbach, A Aurisano, F Azfar, W Badgett, A Barbaro-Galtieri, VE Barnes, BA Barnett, P Barriaee, P Bartos, M Baucecc, G Bauer, F Bedeschi, D Beecher, S Behari, G Bellettinidd, J Bellinger, D Benjamin, A Beretvas, A Bhatti, M Binkley, D Bisellocc, I Bizjakii, KR Bland, C Blocker, B Blumenfeld, A Bocci, A Bodek, D Bortoletto, J Boudreau, A Boveia, B Braua, L Brigliadoribb, A Brisuda, C Bromberg, E Brucken, M Bucciantoniodd, J Budagov, HS Budd, S Budd, K Burkett, G Busettocc, P Bussey, A Buzatu, S Cabrerax, C Calancha, S Camarda, M Campanelli, M Campbell, F Canelli, A Canepa, B Carls, D Carlsmith, R Carosi, S Carrillok, S Carron, B Casal, M Casarsa, A Castrobb, P Catastini, D Cauz, V Cavaliereee, M Cavalli-Sforza, A Cerrif, L Cerritoq, YC Chen, M Chertok, G Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, F Chlebana, K Cho, D Chokheli, JP Chou, WH Chung, YS Chung, CI Ciobanu, MA Ciocciee, A Clark, D Clark, G Compostellacc, ME Convery, J Conway, M Corbo, M Cordelli, CA Cox, DJ Cox, F Cresciolidd, C Cuenca Almenar, J Cuevasv, R Culbertson, D Dagenhart, N d'Ascenzot, M Datta, P de Barbaro, S De Cecco, G De Lorenzo, M Dell'Orsodd, C Deluca, L Demortier, J Dengc, M Deninno, F Devoto, M d'Erricocc, A Di Cantodd, B Di Ruzza, JR Dittmann, M D'Onofrio, S Donatidd, P Dong, T Dorigo, K Ebina, A Elagin, A Eppig, R Erbacher, D Errede, S Errede, N Ershaidataa, R Eusebi, HC Fang, S Farrington, M Feindt, JP Fernandez, C Ferrazzaff, R Field, G Flanaganr, R Forrest, MJ Frank, M Franklin, JC Freeman, I Furic, M Gallinaro, J Galyardt, JE Garcia, AF Garfinkel, P Garosiee, H Gerberich, E Gerchtein, S Giagugg, V Giakoumopoulou, P Giannetti, K Gibson, CM Ginsburg, N Giokaris, P Giromini, M Giunta, G Giurgiu, V Glagolev, D Glenzinski, M Gold, D Goldin, N Goldschmidt, A Golossanov, G Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, M Goncharov, O González, I Gorelov, AT Goshaw, K Goulianos, A Gresele, S Grinstein, C Grosso-Pilcher, RC Group, J Guimaraes da Costa, Z Gunay-Unalan, C Haber, SR Hahn, E Halkiadakis, A Hamaguchi, JY Han, F Happacher, K Hara, D Hare, M Hare, RF Harr, K Hatakeyama, C Hays, M Heck, J Heinrich, M Herndon, S Hewamanage, D Hidas, A Hocker, W Hopkinsg, D Horn, S Hou, RE Hughes, M Hurwitz, U Husemann, N Hussain, M Hussein, J Huston, G Introzzi, M Iorigg, A Ivanovo, E James, D Jang, B Jayatilaka, EJ Jeon, MK Jha, S Jindariani, W Johnson, M Jones, KK Joo, SY Jun, TR Junk, T Kamon, PE Karchin, Y Katon, W Ketchum, J Keung, V Khotilovich, B Kilminster, DH Kim, HS Kim, HW Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kim, N Kimura, S Klimenko, K Kondo, DJ Kong, J Konigsberg, A Korytov, AV Kotwal, M Kreps, J Kroll, D Krop, N Krumnackl, M Kruse, V Krutelyovd, T Kuhr, M Kurata, S Kwang, AT Laasanen, S Lami, S Lammel, M Lancaster, RL Lander, K Lannonu, A Lath, G Latinoee, I Lazzizzera, T LeCompte, E Lee, HS Lee, JS Lee, SW Leew, S Leodd, S Leone, JD Lewis, C-J Lin, J Linacre, M Lindgren, E Lipeles, A Lister, DO Litvintsev, C Liu, Q Liu, T Liu, S Lockwitz, NS Lockyer, A Loginov, D Lucchesicc, J Lueck, P Lujan, P Lukens, G Lungu, J Lys, R Lysak, R Madrak, K Maeshima, K Makhoul, P Maksimovic, S Malik, G Mancab, A Manousakis-Katsikakis, F Margaroli, C Marino, M Martínez, R Martínez-Ballarín, P Mastrandrea, M Mathis, ME Mattson, P Mazzanti, KS McFarland, P McIntyre, R McNultyi, A Mehta, P Mehtala, A Menzione, C Mesropian, T Miao, D Mietlicki, A Mitra, H Miyake, S Moed, N Moggi, MN Mondragonk, CS Moon, R Moore, MJ Morello, J Morlock, P Movilla Fernandez, A Mukherjee, Th Muller, P Murat, M Mussinibb, J Nachtmanm, Y Nagai, J Naganoma, I Nakano, A Napier, J Nett, C Neuz, MS Neubauer, J Nielsene, L Nodulman, O Norniella, E Nurse, L Oakes, SH Oh, YD Oh, I Oksuzian, T Okusawa, R Orava, L Ortolan, S Pagan Grisocc, C Pagliarone, E Palenciaf, V Papadimitriou, AA Paramonov, J Patrick, G Paulettahh, M Paulini, C Paus, DE Pellett, A Penzo, TJ Phillips, G Piacentino, E Pianori, J Pilot, K Pitts, C Plager, L Pondrom, K Potamianos, O Poukhov, F Prokoshiny, A Pronko, F Ptohosh, E Pueschel, G Punzidd, J Pursley, A Rahaman, V Ramakrishnan, N Ranjan, I Redondo, P Renton, M Rescigno, F Rimondibb, L Ristori, A Robson, T Rodrigo, T Rodriguez, E Rogers, S Rolli, R Roser, M Rossi, F Ruffiniee, A Ruiz, J Russ, V Rusu, A Safonov, WK Sakumoto, L Santihh, L Sartori, K Sato, V Savelievt, A Savoy-Navarro, P Schlabach, A Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmidt, M Schmitt, T Schwarz, L Scodellaro, A Scribanoee, F Scuri, A Sedov, S Seidel, Y Seiya, A Semenov, F Sforzadd, A Sfyrla, SZ Shalhout, T Shears, PF Shepard, M Shimojimas, S Shiraishi, M Shochet, I Shreyber, A Simonenko, P Sinervo, A Sissakian, K Sliwa, JR Smith, FD Snider, A Soha, S Somalwar, V Sorin, P Squillacioti, M Stanitzki, R St Denis, B Stelzer, O Stelzer-Chilton, D Stentz, J Strologas, GL Strycker, Y Sudo, A Sukhanov, I Suslov, K Takemasa, Y Takeuchi, J Tang, M Tecchio, PK Teng, J Thomg, J Thome, GA Thompson, E Thomson, P Ttito-Guzmán, S Tkaczyk, D Toback, S Tokar, K Tollefson, T Tomura, D Tonelli, S Torre, D Torretta, P Totarohh, M Trovatoff, Y Tu, N Turiniee, F Ukegawa, S Uozumi, A Varganov, E Vatagaff, F Vázquez, G Velev, C Vellidis, M Vidal, I Vila, R Vilar, M Vogel, G Volpidd, P Wagner, RL Wagner, T Wakisaka, R Wallny, SM Wang, A Warburton, D Waters, M Weinberger, WC Wester, B Whitehouse, D Whitesonc, AB Wicklund, E Wicklund, S Wilbur, F Wick, HH Williams, JS Wilson, P Wilson, BL Winer, P Wittichg, S Wolbers, H Wolfe, T Wright, X Wu, Z Wu, K Yamamoto, J Yamaoka, T Yang, UK Yangp, YC Yang, W-M Yao, GP Yeh, K Yim, J Yoh, K Yorita, T Yoshidaj, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yu, JC Yun, A Zanetti, Y Zeng, S Zucchelli
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Measurement of the top pair production cross section in the lepton+jets channel using a jet flavor discriminant

Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology 84:3 (2011)

Authors:

T Aaltonen, B Álvarez González, S Amerio, D Amidei, A Anastassov, A Annovi, J Antos, G Apollinari, JA Appel, A Apresyan, T Arisawa, A Artikov, J Asaadi, W Ashmanskas, B Auerbach, A Aurisano, F Azfar, W Badgett, A Barbaro-Galtieri, VE Barnes, BA Barnett, P Barria, P Bartos, M Bauce, G Bauer, F Bedeschi, D Beecher, S Behari, G Bellettini, J Bellinger, D Benjamin, A Beretvas, A Bhatti, M Binkley, D Bisello, I Bizjak, KR Bland, B Blumenfeld, A Bocci, A Bodek, D Bortoletto, J Boudreau, A Boveia, B Brau, L Brigliadori, A Brisuda, C Bromberg, E Brucken, M Bucciantonio, J Budagov, HS Budd, S Budd, K Burkett, G Busetto, P Bussey, A Buzatu, C Calancha, S Camarda, M Campanelli, M Campbell, F Canelli, A Canepa, B Carls, D Carlsmith, R Carosi, S Carrillo, S Carron, B Casal, M Casarsa, A Castro, P Catastini, D Cauz, V Cavaliere, M Cavalli-Sforza, A Cerri, L Cerrito, YC Chen, M Chertok, G Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, F Chlebana, K Cho, D Chokheli, JP Chou, WH Chung, YS Chung, CI Ciobanu, MA Ciocci, A Clark, G Compostella, ME Convery, J Conway, M Corbo, M Cordelli, CA Cox, DJ Cox, F Crescioli, C Cuenca Almenar, J Cuevas, R Culbertson

Abstract:

We present a new method to measure the top quark pair production cross section and the background rates with data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.7fb-1 from pp̄ collisions at √s=1.96TeV collected with the CDF II Detector. We select events with a single electron or muon candidate, missing transverse energy, and at least one b-tagged jet. We perform a simultaneous fit to a jet flavor discriminant across nine samples defined by the number of jets and b tags. An advantage of this approach is that many systematic uncertainties are measured in situ and inversely scale with integrated luminosity. We measure a top cross section of σ tt̄=7.64±0.57(stat+syst)±0.45(luminosity)pb. © 2011 American Physical Society.
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Indications of suppression of excited? States in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN2.76 TeV

Physical Review Letters 107:5 (2011)

Authors:

S Chatrchyan, V Khachatryan, AM Sirunyan, A Tumasyan, W Adam, T Bergauer, M Dragicevic, J Erö, C Fabjan, M Friedl, R Frühwirth, VM Ghete, J Hammer, S Hänsel, M Hoch, N Hörmann, J Hrubec, M Jeitler, W Kiesenhofer, M Krammer, D Liko, I Mikulec, M Pernicka, B Rahbaran, H Rohringer, R Schöfbeck, J Strauss, A Taurok, F Teischinger, P Wagner, W Waltenberger, G Walzel, E Widl, CE Wulz, V Mossolov, N Shumeiko, J Suarez Gonzalez, S Bansal, L Benucci, EA De Wolf, X Janssen, J Maes, T Maes, L Mucibello, S Ochesanu, B Roland, R Rougny, M Selvaggi, H Van Haevermaet, P Van Mechelen, N Van Remortel, F Blekman, S Blyweert, J D'hondt, O Devroede, R Gonzalez Suarez, A Kalogeropoulos, M Maes, W Van Doninck, P Van Mulders, GP Van Onsem, I Villella, O Charaf, B Clerbaux, G De Lentdecker, V Dero, APR Gay, GH Hammad, T Hreus, PE Marage, L Thomas, C Vander Velde, P Vanlaer, V Adler, A Cimmino, S Costantini, M Grunewald, B Klein, J Lellouch, A Marinov, J Mccartin, D Ryckbosch, F Thyssen, M Tytgat, L Vanelderen, P Verwilligen, S Walsh, N Zaganidis, S Basegmez, G Bruno, J Caudron, L Ceard, E Cortina Gil, J De Favereau De Jeneret, C Delaere, D Favart, A Giammanco, G Grégoire, J Hollar, V Lemaitre

Abstract:

A comparison of the relative yields of Υ resonances in the μ+μ- decay channel in Pb-Pb and pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 2.76TeV is performed with data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. Using muons of transverse momentum above 4GeV/c and pseudorapidity below 2.4, the double ratio of the Υ(2S) and Υ(3S) excited states to the Υ(1S) ground state in Pb-Pb and pp collisions, [Υ(2S+3S)/Υ(1S)]Pb-Pb/[Υ(2S+3S)/Υ(1S) ]pp, is found to be 0.31-0.15+0.19(stat)±0.03(syst). The probability to obtain the measured value, or lower, if the true double ratio is unity, is calculated to be less than 1%. © 2011 American Physical Society.
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