David Keen

Abstract:

The ionic diffusion mechanism of mobile ions within an underlying body-centred cubic (bcc) sublattice of immobile counterions is discussed. In particular, the case of equal numbers of two ionic species forming long-range ordered and disordered bcc arrays is considered, since these form the basis of the cubic perovskite and α-AgI-type crystal structures, respectively. Their structural behaviour, and its influence on the dynamic ionic disorder which characterizes superionic conduction, is illustrated for the case of Ag(+) diffusion within the β and α(*) phases of Ag(3)SI. The calculated behaviour obtained by molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations is validated with reference to published neutron diffraction and ionic conductivity measurements of Ag(3)SI, and used to examine the preferred diffusion pathways. The relevance of these findings for the anion conduction mechanisms within perovskite structured compounds is briefly discussed.

Abstract:

The local structure of the low-temperature ordered phase of the negative thermal expansion (NTE) material ZrW(2)O(8) has been investigated by reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modelling of neutron total scattering data. The local structure is described using the instantaneous distributions of bond lengths and angles obtained from the RMC-derived models which are simultaneously consistent with the average crystal structure. These results, together with their variation with temperature, show that the majority of the mean squared displacements of the atoms are accounted for by rigid unit mode (RUM) motions of the ZrO(6) octahedra and WO(4) tetrahedra. The detailed structural description presented in this paper further supports the dominance of the basic RUM interpretation of NTE in ZrW(2)O(8) where rigid ZrO(6) and WO(4) polyhedra are joined by flexible Zr-O-W linkages.

Abstract:

We use neutron total scattering measurements with reverse Monte Carlo analysis methods incorporating an atom-swapping algorithm to identify the short-range Ca/Sr cation ordering within the Ca(x)Sr(1-x)TiO(3) solid solution (compositions x = 0.2,0.5,0.8). Our results show that nearest-neighbour pairs have a strong tendency for unlike Ca/Sr first-neighbour coordination in the x = 0.2 and 0.5 cases. In the x = 0.5 case the Ca/Sr ordering results in a structure with space group P 2(1)nm. In contrast, there is much less short-range cation ordering in the x = 0.8 case.