Estimate of the environment impact of the ELT instrument MOSAIC

Proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2024 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers 13099 (2024)

Authors:

Annemieke Janssen, Gavin Dalton, Myriam Rodrigues

Abstract:

MOSAIC is an instrument for the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). The instrument has started phase B, and apart from technical and financial requirements, MOSAIC has the additional requirement to investigate and minimise its environmental impact. The first step is to estimate the carbon footprint (and other effects) in a ‘Life Cycle Analysis’, for the instrument development up to Provisional Acceptance in Chile. This paper presents a preliminary analysis, aimed at identifying potential contributors to environmental impact. Investigated contributors are: materials, Full-Time-Equivalents, travel, and transport of the instrument. Not yet investigated (due to lack of information or certainty) are: electronics, test facilities and prototyping. Uncertainty in input data and conversion factors leads to error bars of a factor 2 or larger. Therefore, the outcome of the analysis can be used for internal comparison of contributors only, and it should not be used for comparison to other instruments or disciplines.

HARMONI at ELT: modelling the optical performance of a diffraction limited integral field spectrograph

Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics 13099 (2024) 1309906-1309906-13

Authors:

Stephen P Todd, Charlotte Z Bond, Fraser Clarke, Éamonn J Harvey, Álvaro Menduiña-Fernández, Matthias Tecza

DUNE Phase II: Scientific Opportunities, Detector Concepts, Technological Solutions

(2024)

Authors:

DUNE Collaboration, A Abed Abud, B Abi, R Acciarri, MA Acero, MR Adames, G Adamov, M Adamowski, D Adams, M Adinolfi, C Adriano, A Aduszkiewicz, J Aguilar, F Akbar, K Allison, S Alonso Monsalve, M Alrashed, A Alton, R Alvarez, T Alves, H Amar, P Amedo, J Anderson, C Andreopoulos, M Andreotti, MP Andrews, F Andrianala, S Andringa, N Anfimov, A Ankowski, D Antic, M Antoniassi, M Antonova, A Antoshkin, A Aranda-Fernandez, L Arellano, E Arrieta Diaz, MA Arroyave, J Asaadi, A Ashkenazi, DM Asner, L Asquith, E Atkin, D Auguste, A Aurisano, V Aushev, D Autiero, MB Azam, F Azfar, A Back, H Back, JJ Back, I Bagaturia, L Bagby, N Balashov, S Balasubramanian, P Baldi, W Baldini, J Baldonedo, B Baller, B Bambah, R Banerjee, F Barao, D Barbu, G Barenboim, P Barham~Alzás, GJ Barker, W Barkhouse, G Barr, J Barranco Monarca, A Barros, N Barros, D Barrow, JL Barrow, A Basharina-Freshville, A Bashyal, V Basque, C Batchelor, L Bathe-Peters, JBR Battat, F Battisti, F Bay, MCQ Bazetto, JLL Bazo Alba, JF Beacom, E Bechetoille, B Behera, E Belchior, G Bell, L Bellantoni, G Bellettini, V Bellini, O Beltramello, N Benekos, C Benitez Montiel, D Benjamin, F Bento Neves, J Berger, S Berkman, J Bernal, P Bernardini, A Bersani, S Bertolucci, M Betancourt, A Betancur Rodríguez, A Bevan, Y Bezawada, AT Bezerra, TJ Bezerra, A Bhat, V Bhatnagar, J Bhatt, M Bhattacharjee, M Bhattacharya, S Bhuller, B Bhuyan, S Biagi, J Bian, K Biery, B Bilki, M Bishai, A Bitadze, A Blake, FD Blaszczyk, GC Blazey, E Blucher, A Bodek, J Bogenschuetz, J Boissevain, S Bolognesi, T Bolton, L Bomben, M Bonesini, C Bonilla-Diaz, F Bonini, A Booth, F Boran, S Bordoni, R Borges Merlo, A Borkum, N Bostan, R Bouet, J Boza, J Bracinik, B Brahma, D Brailsford, F Bramati, A Branca, A Brandt, J Bremer, C Brew, SJ Brice, V Brio, C Brizzolari, C Bromberg, J Brooke, A Bross, G Brunetti, M Brunetti, N Buchanan, H Budd, J Buergi, A Bundock, D Burgardt, S Butchart, G Caceres V., I Cagnoli, T Cai, R Calabrese, R Calabrese, J Calcutt, L Calivers, E Calvo, A Caminata, AF Camino, W Campanelli, A Campani, A Campos Benitez, N Canci, J Capó, I Caracas, D Caratelli, D Carber, JM Carceller, G Carini, B Carlus, MF Carneiro, P Carniti, I Caro Terrazas, H Carranza, N Carrara, L Carroll, T Carroll, A Carter, E Casarejos, D Casazza, JF Castaño Forero, FA Castaño, A Castillo, C Castromonte, E Catano-Mur, C Cattadori, F Cavalier, F Cavanna, S Centro, G Cerati, C Cerna, A Cervelli, A Cervera Villanueva, K Chakraborty, S Chakraborty, M Chalifour, A Chappell, N Charitonidis, A Chatterjee, H Chen, M Chen, WC Chen, Y Chen, Z Chen-Wishart, D Cherdack, C Chi, F Chiapponi, R Chirco, N Chitirasreemadam, K Cho, S Choate, D Chokheli, PS Chong, B Chowdhury, D Christian, A Chukanov, M Chung, E Church, MF Cicala, M Cicerchia, V Cicero, R Ciolini, P Clarke, G Cline, TE Coan, AG Cocco, JAB Coelho, A Cohen, J Collazo, J Collot, E Conley, JM Conrad, M Convery, S Copello, AFV Cortez, P Cova, C Cox, L Cremaldi, L Cremonesi, JI Crespo-Anadón, M Crisler, E Cristaldo, J Crnkovic, G Crone, R Cross, A Cudd, C Cuesta, Y Cui, F Curciarello, D Cussans, J Dai, O Dalager, R Dallavalle, W Dallaway, R D'Amico, H da Motta, ZA Dar, R Darby, L Da Silva Peres, Q David, GS Davies, S Davini, J Dawson, R De Aguiar, P De Almeida, P Debbins, I De Bonis, MP Decowski, A de Gouvêa, PC De Holanda, IL De Icaza Astiz, P De Jong, P Del Amo Sanchez, A De la Torre, G De Lauretis, A Delbart, D Delepine, M Delgado, A Dell'Acqua, G Delle Monache, N Delmonte, P De Lurgio, R Demario, G De Matteis, JRT de Mello Neto, DM DeMuth, S Dennis, C Densham, P Denton, GW Deptuch, A De Roeck, V De Romeri, JP Detje, J Devine, R Dharmapalan, M Dias, A Diaz, JS Díaz, F Díaz, F Di Capua, A Di Domenico, S Di Domizio, S Di Falco, L Di Giulio, P Ding, L Di Noto, E Diociaiuti, C Distefano, R Diurba, M Diwan, Z Djurcic, D Doering, S Dolan, F Dolek, MJ Dolinski, D Domenici, L Domine, S Donati, Y Donon, S Doran, D Douglas, TA Doyle, A Dragone, F Drielsma, L Duarte, D Duchesneau, K Duffy, K Dugas, P Dunne, B Dutta, H Duyang, DA Dwyer, AS Dyshkant, S Dytman, M Eads, A Earle, S Edayath, D Edmunds, J Eisch, P Englezos, A Ereditato, T Erjavec, CO Escobar, JJ Evans, E Ewart, AC Ezeribe, K Fahey, L Fajt, A Falcone, M Fani', C Farnese, S Farrell, Y Farzan, D Fedoseev, J Felix, Y Feng, E Fernandez-Martinez, D Fernández-Posada, G Ferry, E Fialova, L Fields, P Filip, A Filkins, F Filthaut, R Fine, G Fiorillo, M Fiorini, S Fogarty, W Foreman, J Fowler, J Franc, K Francis, D Franco, J Franklin, J Freeman, J Fried, A Friedland, S Fuess, IK Furic, K Furman, AP Furmanski, R Gaba, A Gabrielli, A M~Gago, F Galizzi, H Gallagher, N Gallice, V Galymov, E Gamberini, T Gamble, F Ganacim, R Gandhi, S Ganguly, F Gao, S Gao, D Garcia-Gamez, MÁ García-Peris, F Gardim, S Gardiner, D Gastler, A Gauch, J Gauvreau, P Gauzzi, S Gazzana, G Ge, N Geffroy, B Gelli, S Gent, L Gerlach, Z Ghorbani-Moghaddam, T Giammaria, D Gibin, I Gil-Botella, S Gilligan, A Gioiosa, S Giovannella, C Girerd, AK Giri, C Giugliano, V Giusti, D Gnani, O Gogota, S Gollapinni, K Gollwitzer, RA Gomes, LV Gomez Bermeo, LS Gomez Fajardo, F Gonnella, D Gonzalez-Diaz, M Gonzalez-Lopez, MC Goodman, S Goswami, C Gotti, J Goudeau, E Goudzovski, C Grace, E Gramellini, R Gran, E Granados, P Granger, C Grant, DR Gratieri, G Grauso, P Green, S Greenberg, J Greer, WC Griffith, FT Groetschla, K Grzelak, L Gu, W Gu, V Guarino, M Guarise, R Guenette, M Guerzoni, D Guffanti, A Guglielmi, B Guo, FY Guo, A Gupta, V Gupta, G Gurung, D Gutierrez, P Guzowski, MM Guzzo, S Gwon, A Habig, H Hadavand, L Haegel, R Haenni, L Hagaman, A Hahn, J Haiston, J Hakenmüller, T Hamernik, P Hamilton, J Hancock, F Happacher, DA Harris, A Hart, J Hartnell, T Hartnett, J Harton, T Hasegawa, CM Hasnip, R Hatcher, K Hayrapetyan, J Hays, E Hazen, M He, A Heavey, KM Heeger, J Heise, P Hellmuth, S Henry, J Hernández-García, K Herner, V Hewes, A Higuera, C Hilgenberg, SJ Hillier, A Himmel, E Hinkle, LR Hirsch, J Ho, J Hoff, A Holin, T Holvey, E Hoppe, S Horiuchi, GA Horton-Smith, T Houdy, B Howard, R Howell, I Hristova, MS Hronek, J Huang, RG Huang, Z Hulcher, M Ibrahim, G Iles, N Ilic, AM Iliescu, R Illingworth, G Ingratta, A Ioannisian, B Irwin, L Isenhower, M Ismerio Oliveira, R Itay, CM Jackson, V Jain, E James, W Jang, B Jargowsky, D Jena, I Jentz, X Ji, C Jiang, J Jiang, L Jiang, A Jipa, JH Jo, FR Joaquim, W Johnson, C Jollet, B Jones, R Jones, N Jovancevic, M Judah, CK Jung, T Junk, Y Jwa, M Kabirnezhad, AC Kaboth, I Kadenko, I Kakorin, A Kalitkina, D Kalra, M Kandemir, DM Kaplan, G Karagiorgi, G Karaman, A Karcher, Y Karyotakis, S Kasai, SP Kasetti, L Kashur, I Katsioulas, A Kauther, N Kazaryan, L Ke, E Kearns, PT Keener, KJ Kelly, E Kemp, O Kemularia, Y Kermaidic, W Ketchum, SH Kettell, M Khabibullin, N Khan, A Khvedelidze, D Kim, J Kim, MJ Kim, B King, B Kirby, M Kirby, A Kish, J Klein, J Kleykamp, A Klustova, T Kobilarcik, L Koch, K Koehler, LW Koerner, DH Koh, L Kolupaeva, D Korablev, M Kordosky, T Kosc, U Kose, VA Kostelecký, K Kothekar, I Kotler, M Kovalcuk, V Kozhukalov, W Krah, R Kralik, M Kramer, L Kreczko, F Krennrich, I Kreslo, T Kroupova, S Kubota, M Kubu, Y Kudenko, VA Kudryavtsev, G Kufatty, S Kuhlmann, S Kulagin, J Kumar, P Kumar, S Kumaran, J Kunzmann, R Kuravi, N Kurita, C Kuruppu, V Kus, T Kutter, M Kuźniak, J Kvasnicka, T Labree, T Lackey, I Lalău, A Lambert, BJ Land, CE Lane, N Lane, K Lang, T Langford, M Langstaff, F Lanni, O Lantwin, J Larkin, P Lasorak, D Last, A Laudrain, A Laundrie, G Laurenti, E Lavaut, P Laycock, I Lazanu, R LaZur, M Lazzaroni, T Le, S Leardini, J Learned, T LeCompte, V Legin, G Lehmann Miotto, R Lehnert, MA Leigui de Oliveira, M Leitner, D Leon Silverio, LM Lepin, J -Y~Li, SW Li, Y Li, H Liao, CS Lin, D Lindebaum, S Linden, RA Lineros, A Lister, BR Littlejohn, H Liu, J Liu, Y Liu, S Lockwitz, M Lokajicek, I Lomidze, K Long, TV Lopes, J Lopez, I López de Rego, N López-March, T Lord, JM LoSecco, WC Louis, A Lozano Sanchez, X-G Lu, KB Luk, B Lunday, X Luo, E Luppi, D MacFarlane, AA Machado, P Machado, CT Macias, JR Macier, M MacMahon, A Maddalena, A Madera, P Madigan, S Magill, C Magueur, K Mahn, A Maio, A Major, K Majumdar, S Mameli, M Man, RC Mandujano, J Maneira, S Manly, A Mann, K Manolopoulos, M Manrique Plata, S Manthey Corchado, VN Manyam, M Marchan, A Marchionni, W Marciano, D Marfatia, C Mariani, J Maricic, F Marinho, AD Marino, T Markiewicz, F Das Chagas Marques, C Marquet, M Marshak, CM Marshall, J Marshall, L Martina, J Martín-Albo, N Martinez, DA Martinez Caicedo, F Martínez López, P Martínez Miravé, S Martynenko, V Mascagna, C Massari, A Mastbaum, F Matichard, S Matsuno, G Matteucci, J Matthews, C Mauger, N Mauri, K Mavrokoridis, I Mawby, R Mazza, T McAskill, N McConkey, KS McFarland, C McGrew, A McNab, L Meazza, VCN Meddage, A Mefodiev, B Mehta, P Mehta, P Melas, O Mena, H Mendez, P Mendez, DP Méndez, A Menegolli, G Meng, ACEA Mercuri, A Meregaglia, MD Messier, S Metallo, W Metcalf, M Mewes, H Meyer, T Miao, J Micallef, A Miccoli, G Michna, R Milincic, F Miller, G Miller, W Miller, O Mineev, A Minotti, L Miralles, OG Miranda, C Mironov, S Miryala, S Miscetti, CS Mishra, P Mishra, SR Mishra, A Mislivec, M Mitchell, D Mladenov, I Mocioiu, A Mogan, N Moggi, R Mohanta, TA Mohayai, N Mokhov, J Molina, L Molina Bueno, E Montagna, A Montanari, C Montanari, D Montanari, D Montanino, LM Montaño Zetina, M Mooney, AF Moor, Z Moore, D Moreno, O Moreno-Palacios, L Morescalchi, D Moretti, R Moretti, C Morris, C Mossey, CA Moura, G Mouster, W Mu, L Mualem, J Mueller, M Muether, F Muheim, A Muir, M Mulhearn, D Munford, LJ Munteanu, H Muramatsu, J Muraz, M Murphy, T Murphy, J Muse, A Mytilinaki, J Nachtman, Y Nagai, S Nagu, R Nandakumar, D Naples, S Narita, A Navrer-Agasson, N Nayak, M Nebot-Guinot, A Nehm, JK Nelson, O Neogi, J Nesbit, M Nessi, D Newbold, M Newcomer, R Nichol, F Nicolas-Arnaldos, A Nikolica, J Nikolov, E Niner, K Nishimura, A Norman, A Norrick, P Novella, A Nowak, JA Nowak, M Oberling, JP Ochoa-Ricoux, S Oh, SB Oh, A Olivier, A Olshevskiy, T Olson, Y Onel, Y Onishchuk, A Oranday, GD Orebi Gann, M Osbiston, JA Osorio Vélez, L O'Sullivan, L Otiniano Ormachea, J Ott, L Pagani, G Palacio, O Palamara, S Palestini, JM Paley, M Pallavicini, C Palomares, S Pan, P Panda, W Panduro Vazquez, E Pantic, V Paolone, R Papaleo, A Papanestis, D Papoulias, S Paramesvaran, A Paris, S Parke, E Parozzi, S Parsa, Z Parsa, S Parveen, M Parvu, D Pasciuto, S Pascoli, L Pasqualini, J Pasternak, C Patrick, L Patrizii, RB Patterson, T Patzak, A Paudel, L Paulucci, Z Pavlovic, G Pawloski, D Payne, V Pec, E Pedreschi, SJM Peeters, W Pellico, A Pena Perez, E Pennacchio, A Penzo, OLG Peres, YF Perez Gonzalez, L Pérez-Molina, C Pernas, J Perry, D Pershey, G Pessina, G Petrillo, C Petta, R Petti, M Pfaff, V Pia, L Pickering, F Pietropaolo, VL Pimentel, G Pinaroli, S Pincha, J Pinchault, K Pitts, K Plows, C Pollack, T Pollman, F Pompa, X Pons, N Poonthottathil, V Popov, F Poppi, J Porter, LG Porto Paix{ã}o, M Potekhin, R Potenza, J Pozimski, M Pozzato, T Prakash, C Pratt, M Prest, F Psihas, D Pugnere, X Qian, J Queen, JL Raaf, V Radeka, J Rademacker, B Radics, F Raffaelli, A Rafique, E Raguzin, M Rai, S Rajagopalan, M Rajaoalisoa, I Rakhno, L Rakotondravohitra, L Ralte, MA Ramirez Delgado, B Ramson, A Rappoldi, G Raselli, P Ratoff, R Ray, H Razafinime, EM Rea, JS Real, B Rebel, R Rechenmacher, J Reichenbacher, SD Reitzner, H Rejeb Sfar, E Renner, A Renshaw, S Rescia, F Resnati, Diego~Restrepo, C Reynolds, M Ribas, S Riboldi, C Riccio, G Riccobene, JS Ricol, M Rigan, EV Rincón, A Ritchie-Yates, S Ritter, D Rivera, R Rivera, A Robert, JL Rocabado Rocha, L Rochester, M Roda, P Rodrigues, MJ Rodriguez Alonso, J Rodriguez Rondon, S Rosauro-Alcaraz, P Rosier, D Ross, M Rossella, M Rossi, M Ross-Lonergan, N Roy, P Roy, C Rubbia, A Ruggeri, G Ruiz, B Russell, D Ruterbories, A Rybnikov, S Sacerdoti, S Saha, SK Sahoo, N Sahu, P Sala, N Samios, O Samoylov, MC Sanchez, A Sánchez Bravo, A Sánchez-Castillo, P Sanchez-Lucas, V Sandberg, DA Sanders, S Sanfilippo, D Sankey, D Santoro, N Saoulidou, P Sapienza, C Sarasty, I Sarcevic, I Sarra, G Savage, V Savinov, G Scanavini, A Scaramelli, A Scarff, T Schefke, H Schellman, S Schifano, P Schlabach, D Schmitz, AW Schneider, K Scholberg, A Schukraft, B Schuld, A Segade, E Segreto, A Selyunin, D Senadheera, CR Senise, J Sensenig, SH Seo, MH Shaevitz, P Shanahan, P Sharma, R Kumar, S Sharma Poudel, K Shaw, T Shaw, K Shchablo, J Shen, C Shepherd-Themistocleous, A Sheshukov, J Shi, W Shi, S Shin, S Shivakoti, I Shoemaker, D Shooltz, R Shrock, B Siddi, M Siden, J Silber, L Simard, J Sinclair, G Sinev, J Singh, L Singh, P Singh, V Singh, S Singh Chauhan, R Sipos, C Sironneau, G Sirri, K Siyeon, K Skarpaas, J Smedley, E Smith, J Smith, P Smith, J Smolik, M Smy, M Snape, EL Snider, P Snopok, D Snowden-Ifft, M Soares Nunes, H Sobel, M Soderberg, S Sokolov, CJ Solano Salinas, S Söldner-Rembold, N Solomey, V Solovov, WE Sondheim, M Sorel, A Sotnikov, J Soto-Oton, A Sousa, K Soustruznik, F Spinella, J Spitz, NJC Spooner, K Spurgeon, D Stalder, M Stancari, L Stanco, J Steenis, R Stein, HM Steiner, AF Steklain Lisbôa, A Stepanova, J Stewart, B Stillwell, J Stock, F Stocker, T Stokes, M Strait, T Strauss, L Strigari, A Stuart, JG Suarez, J Subash, A Surdo, L Suter, CM Sutera, K Sutton, Y Suvorov, R Svoboda, SK Swain, B Szczerbinska, AM Szelc, A Sztuc, A Taffara, N Talukdar, J Tamara, HA Tanaka, S Tang, N Taniuchi, AM Tapia Casanova, B Tapia Oregui, A Tapper, S Tariq, E Tarpara, E Tatar, R Tayloe, D Tedeschi, AM Teklu, J Tena Vidal, P Tennessen, M Tenti, K Terao, F Terranova, G Testera, T Thakore, A Thea, S Thomas, A Thompson, C Thorn, SC Timm, E Tiras, V Tishchenko, N Todorović, L Tomassetti, A Tonazzo, D Torbunov, M Torti, M Tortola, F Tortorici, N Tosi, D Totani, M Toups, C Touramanis, D Tran, R Travaglini, J Trevor, E Triller, S Trilov, J Truchon, D Truncali, WH Trzaska, Y Tsai, Y-T Tsai, Z Tsamalaidze, KV Tsang, N Tsverava, SZ Tu, S Tufanli, C Tunnell, S Turnberg, J Turner, M Tuzi, J Tyler, E Tyley, M Tzanov, MA Uchida, J Ureña González, J Urheim, T Usher, H Utaegbulam, S Uzunyan, MR Vagins, P Vahle, S Valder, GA Valdiviesso, E Valencia, R Valentim, Z Vallari, E Vallazza, JWF Valle, R Van Berg, RG Van de Water, DV Forero, A Vannozzi, M Van Nuland-Troost, F Varanini, D Vargas Oliva, S Vasina, N Vaughan, K Vaziri, A Vázquez-Ramos, J Vega, S Ventura, A Verdugo, S Vergani, M Verzocchi, K Vetter, M Vicenzi, H Vieira de Souza, C Vignoli, C Vilela, E Villa, S Viola, B Viren, AP Vizcaya Hernandez, Q Vuong, AV Waldron, M Wallbank, J Walsh, T Walton, H Wang, J Wang, L Wang, MHLS Wang, X Wang, Y Wang, K Warburton, D Warner, L Warsame, MO Wascko, D Waters, A Watson, K Wawrowska, A Weber, CM Weber, M Weber, H Wei, A Weinstein, S Westerdale, M Wetstein, K Whalen, A White, A White, LH Whitehead, D Whittington, J Wilhlemi, MJ Wilking, A Wilkinson, C Wilkinson, F Wilson, RJ Wilson, P Winter, W Wisniewski, J Wolcott, J Wolfs, T Wongjirad, A Wood, K Wood, E Worcester, M Worcester, M Wospakrik, K Wresilo, C Wret, S Wu, W Wu, W Wu, M Wurm, J Wyenberg, Y Xiao, I Xiotidis, B Yaeggy, N Yahlali, E Yandel, J Yang, K Yang, T Yang, A Yankelevich, N Yershov, K Yonehara, T Young, B Yu, H Yu, J Yu, Y Yu, W Yuan, R Zaki, J Zalesak, L Zambelli, B Zamorano, A Zani, O Zapata, L Zazueta, GP Zeller, J Zennamo, K Zeug, C Zhang, S Zhang, M Zhao, E Zhivun, ED Zimmerman, S Zucchelli, J Zuklin, V Zutshi, R Zwaska

Phase-resolving the Absorption Signatures of Water and Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere of the Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b with GEMINI-S/IGRINS

Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific Astronomical Society of the Pacific 136:8 (2024) 084403

Authors:

Joost P Wardenier, Vivien Parmentier, Michael R Line, Megan Weiner Mansfield, Xianyu Tan, Shang-Min Tsai, Jacob L Bean, Jayne L Birkby, Matteo Brogi, Jean-Michel Désert, Siddharth Gandhi, Elspeth KH Lee, Colette I Levens, Lorenzo Pino, Peter CB Smith

Abstract:

Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are among the best targets for atmospheric characterization at high spectral resolution. Resolving their transmission spectra as a function of orbital phase offers a unique window into the 3D nature of these objects. In this work, we present three transits of the UHJ WASP-121b observed with Gemini-S/IGRINS. For the first time, we measure the phase-dependent absorption signals of CO and H2O in the atmosphere of an exoplanet, and we find that they are different. While the blueshift of CO increases during the transit, the absorption lines of H2O become less blueshifted with phase, and even show a redshift in the second half of the transit. These measurements reveal the distinct spatial distributions of both molecules across the atmospheres of UHJs. Also, we find that the H2O signal is absent in the first quarter of the transit, potentially hinting at cloud formation on the evening terminator of WASP-121b. To further interpret the absorption trails of CO and H2O, as well as the Doppler shifts of Fe previously measured with VLT/ESPRESSO, we compare the data to simulated transits of WASP-121b. To this end, we post-process the outputs of the global circulation models with a 3D Monte-Carlo radiative transfer code. Our analysis shows that the atmosphere of WASP-121b is subject to atmospheric drag, as previously suggested by small hotspot offsets inferred from phase-curve observations. Our study highlights the importance of phase-resolved spectroscopy in unravelling the complex atmospheric structure of UHJs and sets the stage for further investigations into their chemistry and dynamics.

Euclid: The Early Release Observations Lens Search Experiment

(2024)

Authors:

JA Acevedo Barroso, CM O'Riordan, B Clément, C Tortora, TE Collett, F Courbin, R Gavazzi, RB Metcalf, V Busillo, IT Andika, R Cabanac, HM Courtois, J Crook-Mansour, L Delchambre, G Despali, LR Ecker, A Franco, P Holloway, N Jackson, K Jahnke, G Mahler, L Marchetti, P Matavulj, A Melo, M Meneghetti, LA Moustakas, O Müller, AA Nucita, A Paulino-Afonso, J Pearson, K Rojas, C Scarlata, S Schuldt, S Serjeant, D Sluse, SH Suyu, M Vaccari, A Verma, G Vernardos, M Walmsley, H Bouy, GL Walth, DM Powell, M Bolzonella, J-C Cuillandre, M Kluge, T Saifollahi, M Schirmer, C Stone, A Acebron, L Bazzanini, A Díaz-Sánchez, NB Hogg, LVE Koopmans, S Kruk, L Leuzzi, A Manjón-García, F Mannucci, BC Nagam, R Pearce-Casey, L Scharré, J Wilde, B Altieri, A Amara, S Andreon, N Auricchio, C Baccigalupi, M Baldi, A Balestra, S Bardelli, A Basset, P Battaglia, R Bender, D Bonino, E Branchini, M Brescia, J Brinchmann, A Caillat, S Camera, GP Candini, V Capobianco, C Carbone, J Carretero, S Casas, M Castellano, G Castignani, S Cavuoti, A Cimatti, C Colodro-Conde, G Congedo, CJ Conselice, L Conversi, Y Copin, L Corcione, M Cropper, A Da Silva, H Degaudenzi, G De Lucia, J Dinis, F Dubath, X Dupac, S Dusini, M Farina, S Farrens, S Ferriol, M Frailis, E Franceschi, S Galeotta, B Garilli, K George, W Gillard, B Gillis, C Giocoli, P Gómez-Alvarez, A Grazian, F Grupp, L Guzzo, SVH Haugan, H Hoekstra, W Holmes, I Hook, F Hormuth, A Hornstrup, M Jhabvala, B Joachimi, E Keihänen, S Kermiche, A Kiessling, B Kubik, M Kunz, H Kurki-Suonio, D Le Mignant, S Ligori, PB Lilje, V Lindholm, I Lloro, G Mainetti, E Maiorano, O Mansutti, S Marcin, O Marggraf, M Martinelli, N Martinet, F Marulli, R Massey, E Medinaceli, M Melchior, Y Mellier, E Merlin, G Meylan, M Moresco, L Moscardini, E Munari, R Nakajima, C Neissner, RC Nichol, S-M Niemi, JW Nightingale, C Padilla, S Paltani, F Pasian, K Pedersen, WJ Percival, V Pettorino, S Pires, G Polenta, M Poncet, LA Popa, L Pozzetti, F Raison, R Rebolo, A Renzi, J Rhodes, G Riccio, E Romelli, M Roncarelli, E Rossetti, R Saglia, Z Sakr, AG Sánchez, D Sapone, P Schneider, T Schrabback, A Secroun, G Seidel, S Serrano, C Sirignano, G Sirri, J Skottfelt, L Stanco, J Steinwagner, P Tallada-Crespí, D Tavagnacco, AN Taylor, I Tereno, R Toledo-Moreo, F Torradeflot, I Tutusaus, EA Valentijn, L Valenziano, T Vassallo, Y Wang, J Weller, E Zucca, C Burigana, V Scottez, M Viel