Rubin-LSST

Abstract:

In 1969, Donald Lynden-Bell became the first astrophysicist to suggest that supermassive black holes in the cores of galaxies might generate the profuse energy put out by quasars — the astonishingly luminous distant bodies identified by astronomer Maarten Schmidt earlier that decade. Lynden-Bell proposed that quasars are powered by the release of gravitational energy as material falls into the deep potential well of the black hole, a process that is much more efficient than thermonuclear fusion

Abstract:

A measurement of the mass of the W boson is presented based on proton–proton collision data recorded in 2011 at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, and corresponding to $4.6~\hbox {fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. The selected data sample consists of $7.8\times 10^6$ candidates in the $W\rightarrow \mu \nu$ channel and $5.9\times 10^6$ candidates in the $W\rightarrow e \nu$ channel. The $W$-boson mass is obtained from template fits to the reconstructed distributions of the charged lepton transverse momentum and of the W boson transverse mass in the electron and muon decay channels, yielding $\begin{aligned} \nonumber m_W = 80370&\pm 7~(\text {stat.}) \pm 11 (\text {exp. syst.}) \\&\pm 14~(\text {mod. syst.})~\text {MeV} \\ = 80370&\pm 19\,\text {MeV}, \end{aligned}$ where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second corresponds to the experimental systematic uncertainty, and the third to the physics-modelling systematic uncertainty. A measurement of the mass difference between the $W^+$ and $W^-$ bosons yields $m_{W^+}-m_{W^-} = -\,29 \pm 28 MeV$.