Search for Gravitational-wave Signals Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts during the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

The Astrophysical Journal American Astronomical Society 886:1 (2019) 75

Authors:

BP Abbott, R Abbott, TD Abbott, S Abraham, F Acernese, K Ackley, C Adams, RX Adhikari, VB Adya, C Affeldt, M Agathos, K Agatsuma, N Aggarwal, OD Aguiar, L Aiello, A Ain, P Ajith, G Allen, A Allocca, MA Aloy, PA Altin, A Amato, S Anand, A Ananyeva, SB Anderson, WG Anderson, SV Angelova, S Antier, S Appert, K Arai, MC Araya, JS Areeda, M Arène, N Arnaud, SM Aronson, S Ascenzi, G Ashton, SM Aston, P Astone, F Aubin, P Aufmuth, K AultONeal, C Austin, V Avendano, A Avila-Alvarez, S Babak, P Bacon, F Badaracco, MKM Bader, S Bae, J Baird, PT Baker, F Baldaccini, G Ballardin, SW Ballmer, A Bals, S Banagiri, JC Barayoga, C Barbieri, SE Barclay, BC Barish, D Barker, K Barkett, S Barnum, F Barone, B Barr, L Barsotti, M Barsuglia, D Barta, J Bartlett, I Bartos, R Bassiri, A Basti, M Bawaj, JC Bayley, M Bazzan, B Bécsy, M Bejger, I Belahcene, AS Bell, D Beniwal, MG Benjamin, BK Berger, G Bergmann, S Bernuzzi, CPL Berry, D Bersanetti, A Bertolini, J Betzwieser, R Bhandare, J Bidler, E Biggs, IA Bilenko, SA Bilgili, G Billingsley, R Birney, O Birnholtz, S Biscans, M Bischi, S Biscoveanu, A Bisht, M Bitossi, MA Bizouard, JK Blackburn, J Blackman, CD Blair, DG Blair, RM Blair, S Bloemen, F Bobba, N Bode, M Boer, Y Boetzel, G Bogaert, F Bondu, R Bonnand, P Booker, BA Boom, R Bork, V Boschi, S Bose, V Bossilkov, J Bosveld, Y Bouffanais, A Bozzi, C Bradaschia, PR Brady, A Bramley, M Branchesi, JE Brau, M Breschi, T Briant, JH Briggs, F Brighenti, A Brillet, M Brinkmann, P Brockill, AF Brooks, J Brooks, DD Brown, S Brunett, A Buikema, T Bulik, HJ Bulten, A Buonanno, D Buskulic, C Buy, RL Byer, M Cabero, L Cadonati, G Cagnoli, C Cahillane, J Calderón Bustillo, TA Callister, E Calloni, JB Camp, WA Campbell, M Canepa, KC Cannon, H Cao, J Cao, G Carapella, F Carbognani, S Caride, MF Carney, G Carullo, J Casanueva Diaz, C Casentini, S Caudill, M Cavaglià, F Cavalier, R Cavalieri, G Cella, P Cerdá-Durán, E Cesarini, O Chaibi, K Chakravarti, SJ Chamberlin, M Chan, S Chao, P Charlton, EA Chase, E Chassande-Mottin, D Chatterjee, M Chaturvedi, BD Cheeseboro, HY Chen, X Chen, Y Chen, H-P Cheng, CK Cheong, HY Chia, F Chiadini, A Chincarini, A Chiummo, G Cho, HS Cho, M Cho, N Christensen, Q Chu, S Chua, KW Chung, S Chung, G Ciani, M Cieślar, AA Ciobanu, R Ciolfi, F Cipriano, A Cirone, F Clara, JA Clark, P Clearwater, F Cleva, E Coccia, P-F Cohadon, D Cohen, M Colleoni, CG Collette, C Collins, M Colpi, LR Cominsky, M Constancio, L Conti, SJ Cooper, P Corban, TR Corbitt, I Cordero-Carrión, S Corezzi, KR Corley, N Cornish, D Corre, A Corsi, S Cortese, CA Costa, R Cotesta, MW Coughlin, SB Coughlin, J-P Coulon, ST Countryman, P Couvares, PB Covas, EE Cowan, DM Coward, MJ Cowart, DC Coyne, R Coyne, JDE Creighton, TD Creighton, J Cripe, M Croquette, SG Crowder, TJ Cullen, A Cumming, L Cunningham, E Cuoco, T Dal Canton, G Dálya, B D’Angelo, SL Danilishin, S D’Antonio, K Danzmann, A Dasgupta, CF Da Silva Costa, LEH Datrier, V Dattilo, I Dave, M Davier, D Davis, EJ Daw, D DeBra, M Deenadayalan, J Degallaix, M De Laurentis, S Deléglise, W Del Pozzo, LM DeMarchi, N Demos, T Dent, R De Pietri, R De Rosa, C De Rossi, R DeSalvo, O de Varona, S Dhurandhar, MC Díaz, T Dietrich, L Di Fiore, C DiFronzo, C Di Giorgio, F Di Giovanni, M Di Giovanni, T Di Girolamo, A Di Lieto, B Ding, S Di Pace, I Di Palma, F Di Renzo, AK Divakarla, A Dmitriev, Z Doctor, F Donovan, KL Dooley, S Doravari, I Dorrington, TP Downes, M Drago, JC Driggers, Z Du, J-G Ducoin, P Dupej, O Durante, SE Dwyer, PJ Easter, G Eddolls, TB Edo, A Effler, P Ehrens, J Eichholz, SS Eikenberry, M Eisenmann, RA Eisenstein, L Errico, RC Essick, H Estelles, D Estevez, ZB Etienne, T Etzel, M Evans, TM Evans, V Fafone, S Fairhurst, X Fan, S Farinon, B Farr, WM Farr, EJ Fauchon-Jones, M Favata, M Fays, M Fazio, C Fee, J Feicht, MM Fejer, F Feng, A Fernandez-Galiana, I Ferrante, EC Ferreira, TA Ferreira, F Fidecaro, I Fiori, D Fiorucci, M Fishbach, RP Fisher, JM Fishner, R Fittipaldi, M Fitz-Axen, V Fiumara, R Flaminio, M Fletcher, E Floden, E Flynn, H Fong, JA Font, PWF Forsyth, J-D Fournier, Francisco Hernandez Vivanco, S Frasca, F Frasconi, Z Frei, A Freise, R Frey, V Frey, P Fritschel, VV Frolov, G Fronzè, P Fulda, M Fyffe, HA Gabbard, BU Gadre, SM Gaebel, JR Gair, L Gammaitoni, SG Gaonkar, C García-Quirós, F Garufi, B Gateley, S Gaudio, G Gaur, V Gayathri, G Gemme, E Genin, A Gennai, D George, J George, L Gergely, S Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, S Ghosh, B Giacomazzo, JA Giaime, KD Giardina, DR Gibson, K Gill, L Glover, J Gniesmer, P Godwin, E Goetz, R Goetz, B Goncharov, G González, JM Gonzalez Castro, A Gopakumar, SE Gossan, M Gosselin, R Gouaty, B Grace, A Grado, M Granata, A Grant, S Gras, P Grassia, C Gray, R Gray, G Greco, AC Green, R Green, EM Gretarsson, A Grimaldi, SJ Grimm, P Groot, H Grote, S Grunewald, P Gruning, GM Guidi, HK Gulati, Y Guo, A Gupta, Anchal Gupta, P Gupta, EK Gustafson, R Gustafson, L Haegel, O Halim, BR Hall, ED Hall, EZ Hamilton, G Hammond, M Haney, MM Hanke, J Hanks, C Hanna, MD Hannam, OA Hannuksela, TJ Hansen, J Hanson, T Harder, T Hardwick, K Haris, J Harms, GM Harry, IW Harry, RK Hasskew, CJ Haster, K Haughian, FJ Hayes, J Healy, A Heidmann, MC Heintze, H Heitmann, F Hellman, P Hello, G Hemming, M Hendry, IS Heng, J Hennig, M Heurs, S Hild, T Hinderer, S Hochheim, D Hofman, AM Holgado, NA Holland, K Holt, DE Holz, P Hopkins, C Horst, J Hough, EJ Howell, CG Hoy, Y Huang, MT Hübner, EA Huerta, D Huet, B Hughey, V Hui, S Husa, SH Huttner, T Huynh-Dinh, B Idzkowski, A Iess, H Inchauspe, C Ingram, R Inta, G Intini, B Irwin, HN Isa, J-M Isac, M Isi, BR Iyer, T Jacqmin, SJ Jadhav, K Jani, NN Janthalur, P Jaranowski, D Jariwala, AC Jenkins, J Jiang, DS Johnson, AW Jones, DI Jones, JD Jones, R Jones, RJG Jonker, L Ju, J Junker, CV Kalaghatgi, V Kalogera, B Kamai, S Kandhasamy, G Kang, JB Kanner, SJ Kapadia, S Karki, R Kashyap, M Kasprzack, S Katsanevas, E Katsavounidis, W Katzman, S Kaufer, K Kawabe, NV Keerthana, F Kéfélian, D Keitel, R Kennedy, JS Key, FY Khalili, I Khan, S Khan, EA Khazanov, N Khetan, M Khursheed, N Kijbunchoo, Chunglee Kim, JC Kim, K Kim, W Kim, WS Kim, Y-M Kim, C Kimball, PJ King, M Kinley-Hanlon, R Kirchhoff, JS Kissel, L Kleybolte, JH Klika, S Klimenko, TD Knowles, P Koch, SM Koehlenbeck, G Koekoek, S Koley, V Kondrashov, A Kontos, N Koper, M Korobko, WZ Korth, M Kovalam, DB Kozak, C Krämer, V Kringel, N Krishnendu, A Królak, N Krupinski, G Kuehn, A Kumar, P Kumar, Rahul Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, L Kuo, A Kutynia, S Kwang, BD Lackey, D Laghi, KH Lai, TL Lam, M Landry, BB Lane, RN Lang, J Lange, B Lantz, RK Lanza, A Lartaux-Vollard, PD Lasky, M Laxen, A Lazzarini, C Lazzaro, P Leaci, S Leavey, YK Lecoeuche, CH Lee, HK Lee, HM Lee, HW Lee, J Lee, K Lee, J Lehmann, AK Lenon, N Leroy, N Letendre, Y Levin, A Li, J Li, KJL Li, TGF Li, X Li, F Lin, F Linde, SD Linker, TB Littenberg, J Liu, X Liu, M Llorens-Monteagudo, RKL Lo, LT London, A Longo, M Lorenzini, V Loriette, M Lormand, G Losurdo, JD Lough, CO Lousto, G Lovelace, ME Lower, H Lück, D Lumaca, AP Lundgren, R Lynch, Y Ma, R Macas, S Macfoy, M MacInnis, DM Macleod, A Macquet, I Magaña Hernandez, F Magaña-Sandoval, RM Magee, E Majorana, I Maksimovic, A Malik, N Man, V Mandic, V Mangano, GL Mansell, M Manske, M Mantovani, M Mapelli, F Marchesoni, F Marion, S Márka, Z Márka, C Markakis, AS Markosyan, A Markowitz, E Maros, A Marquina, S Marsat, F Martelli, IW Martin, RM Martin, V Martinez, DV Martynov, H Masalehdan, K Mason, E Massera, A Masserot, TJ Massinger, M Masso-Reid, S Mastrogiovanni, A Matas, F Matichard, L Matone, N Mavalvala, JJ McCann, R McCarthy, DE McClelland, S McCormick, L McCuller, SC McGuire, C McIsaac, J McIver, DJ McManus, T McRae, ST McWilliams, D Meacher, GD Meadors, M Mehmet, AK Mehta, J Meidam, E Mejuto Villa, A Melatos, G Mendell, RA Mercer, L Mereni, K Merfeld, EL Merilh, M Merzougui, S Meshkov, C Messenger, C Messick, F Messina, R Metzdorff, PM Meyers, F Meylahn, A Miani, H Miao, C Michel, H Middleton, L Milano, AL Miller, M Millhouse, JC Mills, MC Milovich-Goff, O Minazzoli, Y Minenkov, A Mishkin, C Mishra, T Mistry, S Mitra, VP Mitrofanov, G Mitselmakher, R Mittleman, G Mo, D Moffa, K Mogushi, SRP Mohapatra, M Molina-Ruiz, M Mondin, M Montani, CJ Moore, D Moraru, F Morawski, G Moreno, S Morisaki, B Mours, CM Mow-Lowry, F Muciaccia, Arunava Mukherjee, D Mukherjee, S Mukherjee, Subroto Mukherjee, N Mukund, A Mullavey, J Munch, EA Muñiz, M Muratore, PG Murray, I Nardecchia, L Naticchioni, RK Nayak, BF Neil, J Neilson, G Nelemans, TJN Nelson, M Nery, A Neunzert, L Nevin, KY Ng, S Ng, C Nguyen, P Nguyen, D Nichols, SA Nichols, S Nissanke, F Nocera, C North, LK Nuttall, M Obergaulinger, J Oberling, BD O’Brien, G Oganesyan, GH Ogin, JJ Oh, SH Oh, F Ohme, H Ohta, MA Okada, M Oliver, P Oppermann, Richard J Oram, B O’Reilly, RG Ormiston, LF Ortega, R O’Shaughnessy, S Ossokine, DJ Ottaway, H Overmier, BJ Owen, AE Pace, G Pagano, MA Page, G Pagliaroli, A Pai, SA Pai, JR Palamos, O Palashov, C Palomba, H Pan, PK Panda, PTH Pang, C Pankow, F Pannarale, BC Pant, F Paoletti, A Paoli, A Parida, W Parker, D Pascucci, A Pasqualetti, R Passaquieti, D Passuello, M Patil, B Patricelli, E Payne, BL Pearlstone, TC Pechsiri, AJ Pedersen, M Pedraza, R Pedurand, A Pele, S Penn, A Perego, CJ Perez, C Périgois, A Perreca, J Petermann, HP Pfeiffer, M Phelps, KS Phukon, OJ Piccinni, M Pichot, F Piergiovanni, V Pierro, G Pillant, L Pinard, IM Pinto, M Pirello, M Pitkin, W Plastino, R Poggiani, DYT Pong, S Ponrathnam, P Popolizio, J Powell, AK Prajapati, J Prasad, K Prasai, R Prasanna, G Pratten, T Prestegard, M Principe, GA Prodi, L Prokhorov, M Punturo, P Puppo, M Pürrer, H Qi, V Quetschke, PJ Quinonez, FJ Raab, G Raaijmakers, H Radkins, N Radulesco, P Raffai, S Raja, C Rajan, B Rajbhandari, M Rakhmanov, KE Ramirez, A Ramos-Buades, Javed Rana, K Rao, P Rapagnani, V Raymond, M Razzano, J Read, T Regimbau, L Rei, S Reid, DH Reitze, P Rettegno, F Ricci, CJ Richardson, JW Richardson, PM Ricker, G Riemenschneider, K Riles, M Rizzo, NA Robertson, F Robinet, A Rocchi, L Rolland, JG Rollins, VJ Roma, M Romanelli, R Romano, CL Romel, JH Romie, CA Rose, D Rose, K Rose, D Rosińska, SG Rosofsky, MP Ross, S Rowan, A Rüdiger, P Ruggi, G Rutins, K Ryan, S Sachdev, T Sadecki, M Sakellariadou, OS Salafia, L Salconi, M Saleem, A Samajdar, L Sammut, EJ Sanchez, LE Sanchez, N Sanchis-Gual, JR Sanders, KA Santiago, E Santos, N Sarin, B Sassolas, BS Sathyaprakash, O Sauter, RL Savage, P Schale, M Scheel, J Scheuer, P Schmidt, R Schnabel, RMS Schofield, A Schönbeck, E Schreiber, BW Schulte, BF Schutz, J Scott, SM Scott, E Seidel, D Sellers, AS Sengupta, N Sennett, D Sentenac, V Sequino, A Sergeev, Y Setyawati, DA Shaddock, T Shaffer, MS Shahriar, MB Shaner, A Sharma, P Sharma, P Shawhan, H Shen, R Shink, DH Shoemaker, DM Shoemaker, K Shukla, S ShyamSundar, K Siellez, M Sieniawska, D Sigg, LP Singer, D Singh, N Singh, A Singhal, AM Sintes, S Sitmukhambetov, V Skliris, BJJ Slagmolen, TJ Slaven-Blair, JR Smith, RJE Smith, S Somala, EJ Son, S Soni, B Sorazu, F Sorrentino, T Souradeep, E Sowell, AP Spencer, M Spera, AK Srivastava, V Srivastava, K Staats, C Stachie, M Standke, DA Steer, M Steinke, J Steinlechner, S Steinlechner, D Steinmeyer, SP Stevenson, D Stocks, R Stone, DJ Stops, KA Strain, G Stratta, SE Strigin, A Strunk, R Sturani, AL Stuver, V Sudhir, TZ Summerscales, L Sun, S Sunil, A Sur, J Suresh, PJ Sutton, BL Swinkels, MJ Szczepańczyk, M Tacca, SC Tait, C Talbot, DB Tanner, D Tao, M Tápai, A Tapia, JD Tasson, R Taylor, R Tenorio, L Terkowski, M Thomas, P Thomas, SR Thondapu, KA Thorne, E Thrane, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Srishti Tiwari, V Tiwari, K Toland, M Tonelli, Z Tornasi, A Torres-Forné, CI Torrie, D Töyrä, F Travasso, G Traylor, MC Tringali, A Tripathee, A Trovato, L Trozzo, KW Tsang, M Tse, R Tso, L Tsukada, D Tsuna, T Tsutsui, D Tuyenbayev, K Ueno, D Ugolini, CS Unnikrishnan, AL Urban, SA Usman, H Vahlbruch, G Vajente, G Valdes, M Valentini, N van Bakel, M van Beuzekom, JFJ van den Brand, C Van Den Broeck, DC Vander-Hyde, L van der Schaaf, JV VanHeijningen, AA van Veggel, M Vardaro, V Varma, S Vass, M Vasúth, A Vecchio, G Vedovato, J Veitch, PJ Veitch, K Venkateswara, G Venugopalan, D Verkindt, F Vetrano, A Viceré, AD Viets, S Vinciguerra, DJ Vine, J-Y Vinet, S Vitale, T Vo, H Vocca, C Vorvick, SP Vyatchanin, AR Wade, LE Wade, M Wade, R Walet, M Walker, L Wallace, S Walsh, H Wang, JZ Wang, S Wang, WH Wang, YF Wang, RL Ward, ZA Warden, J Warner, M Was, J Watchi, B Weaver, L-W Wei, M Weinert, AJ Weinstein, R Weiss, F Wellmann, L Wen, EK Wessel, P Weßels, JW Westhouse, K Wette, JT Whelan, BF Whiting, C Whittle, DM Wilken, D Williams, AR Williamson, JL Willis, B Willke, W Winkler, CC Wipf, H Wittel, G Woan, J Woehler, JK Wofford, JL Wright, DS Wu, DM Wysocki, S Xiao, R Xu, H Yamamoto, CC Yancey, L Yang, Y Yang, Z Yang, MJ Yap, M Yazback, DW Yeeles, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, SHR Yuen, AK Zadrożny, A Zadrożny, M Zanolin, T Zelenova, J-P Zendri, M Zevin, J Zhang, L Zhang, T Zhang, C Zhao, G Zhao, M Zhou, Z Zhou, XJ Zhu, ME Zucker, J Zweizig, RL Aptekar, WV Boynton, DD Frederiks, SV Golenetskii, DV Golovin, K Hurley, AV Kozlova, ML Litvak, IG Mitrofanov, AB Sanin, DS Svinkin, Francesco Carotenuto, Badri Krishnan

Extracting the global signal from 21-cm fluctuations: The multi-tracer approach

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Oxford University Press (2019)

Authors:

A Fialkov, R Barkana, Matthew Jarvis

Abstract:

The multi-tracer technique employs a ratio of densities of two differently biased galaxy samples that trace the same underlying matter density field, and was proposed to alleviate the cosmic variance problem. Here we propose a novel application of this approach, applying it to two different tracers one of which is the 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen from the epochs of reionization and comic dawn. The second tracer is assumed to be a sample of high-redshift galaxies, but the approach can be generalized and applied to other high-redshift tracers. We show that the anisotropy of the ratio of the two density fields can be used to measure the sky-averaged 21-cm signal, probe the spectral energy distribution of radiative sources that drive this signal, and extract large-scale properties of the second tracer, e.g., the galaxy bias. Using simulated 21-cm maps and mock galaxy samples, we find that the method works well for an idealized galaxy survey. However, in the case of a more realistic galaxy survey which only probes highly biased luminous galaxies, the inevitable Poisson noise makes the reconstruction far more challenging. This difficulty can be mitigated with the greater sensitivity of future telescopes along with larger survey volumes.

MKT J170456.2-482100: the first transient discovered by MeerKAT

(2019)

Authors:

LN Driessen, I McDonald, DAH Buckley, M Caleb, EJ Kotze, SB Potter, KM Rajwade, A Rowlinson, BW Stappers, E Tremou, PA Woudt, RP Fender, R Armstrong, P Groot, I Heywood, A Horesh, AJ van der Horst, E Koerding, VA McBride, JCA Miller-Jones, KP Mooley, RAMJ Wijers

Physical constraints from near-infrared fast photometry of the black-hole transient GX 339-4

(2019)

Authors:

FM Vincentelli, P Casella, P Petrucci, T Maccarone, D Russell, P Uttley, B De Marco, R Fender, P Gandhi, J Malzac, K O'Brien, J Tomsick

Synchrotron self-absorption and the minimum energy of optically thick radio flares from stellar mass black holes

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Oxford University Press 489:4 (2019) 4836-4846

Authors:

Rob Fender, Joe Bright

Abstract:

We consider the case of radio flares from black hole X-ray binaries in which the flare spectrum evolves from optically thick to optically thin, under the assumption that this is due to decreasing optical depth to synchrotron self-absorption. We are able to place upper and lower limits on the size of the emitting region associated with a radio flare, and determine the synchrotron source magnetic field and energy as a function of size. The energy has a clear minimum which occurs close to the condition that the magnetic field derived from synchrotron self-absorption equals that calculated from equipartition. This minimum energy estimate is independent of the rise time of the event, and so may be applied to any event for which the peak flux is measured and there is evidence for self-absorption. This is a much more accurate approach to minimum energy estimation than assuming expansion at close to the speed of light. We apply this method to four examples of optically thick radio flares and find that in each case either the filling factor of the synchrotron source is considerably less than unity, or the expansion speed is considerably less than the speed of light. The combination of unity filling factor and expansion speeds close to the speed of light is completely ruled out on energetic grounds for three of the four events we consider. The inferred slowed expansion is consistent with detailed modelling of such events, which has been recently reported in the literature. The minimum power requirements associated with the flares are found to be ∼1036 erg s−1, which are easily accommodated in the context of stellar mass black hole accretion at near-Eddington levels, when these flares typically occur. However, the true jet power could still be orders of magnitude higher.