Dr Siddharth Maharana

Abstract:

Blazars, supermassive black hole systems with highly relativistic jets aligned with the line of sight, are the most powerful long-lived emitters of electromagnetic emission in the Universe. We report here on a radio-to-gamma-ray multiwavelength campaign on the blazar BL Lacertae with unprecedented polarimetric coverage from radio to X-ray wavelengths. The observations caught an extraordinary event on 2023 November 10–18, when the degree of linear polarization of optical synchrotron radiation reached a record value of 47.5%. In stark contrast, the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer found that the X-ray (Compton scattering or hadron-induced) emission was polarized at less than 7.4% (3σ confidence level). We argue here that this observational result rules out a hadronic origin of the high-energy emission and strongly favors a leptonic (Compton scattering) origin, thereby breaking the degeneracy between hadronic and leptonic emission models for BL Lacertae and demonstrating the power of multiwavelength polarimetry to address this question. Furthermore, the multiwavelength flux and polarization variability, featuring an extremely prominent rise and decay of the optical polarization degree, is interpreted for the first time by the relaxation of a magnetic “spring” embedded in the newly injected plasma. This suggests that the plasma jet can maintain a predominant toroidal magnetic field component parsecs away from the central engine.

Abstract:

The Wide Area Linear Optical Polarimeter North is an optical polarimeter designed for the needs of the Polar-Areas Stellar Imaging in Polarimetry High-Accuracy Experiment survey. It will be installed on the 1.3-m telescope at the Skinakas Observatory in Crete, Greece. After commissioning, it will measure the 30×30 arcmin2 polarization of millions of stars at high galactic latitude, aiming to measure hundreds of stars per square degree. The astronomical filter used in the instrument is a modified, polarimetrically neutral broadband Sloan Digital Sky Survey-r. This instrument will be a pioneering one due to its large field of view (FoV) of and high-accuracy polarimetry measurements. The accuracy and sensitivity of the instrument in polarization fraction will be at the 0.1% and 0.05% levels, respectively. Four separate 4k×4k charge-coupled devices will be used as the instrument detectors, each imaging one of the 0-, 45-, 90-, and 135-deg polarized FoV separately, therefore making the instrument a four-channel, one-shot polarimeter. Here, we present the overall optical design of the instrument, emphasizing the aspects of the instrument that are different from Wide Area Linear Optical Polarimeter South. We also present a customized design of filters appropriate for polarimetry along with details on the management of the instrument size and its polarimetric calibration.