Napan Phuphathanaphong

Abstract:

The motivation for this research is that the emission spectra using directly pumped laser diodes have not yet been found. We want to explore the luminescence properties of a co-doped laser material utilizing a diode laser as an optical pump. The research method used standard melt-quench and was stimulated by a laser diode (808 and 980 nm). The double doped of Nd³⁺- Er³⁺/Nd³⁺-Pr³⁺ ions with glasses system of lithium-fluorophosphate (LFP) had a strong band emission at 1056 nm, which transitioned at ⁴F_3/2 → ⁴I_11/2 and showed a drop in intensity from co-doping with Er³⁺ and Pr³⁺ ions. The fluorescence width at half maximum (FWHM) of the glasses is calculated to identify whether the sample may be used as a laser application. The FWHM values are found to be 22-28 nm. Decay time values were shown to decrease with increasing concentrations of Er³⁺ and Pr³⁺ ions and were used for energy transfer calculations. The Quantum Yields (QYs), efficiency in the transfer of energy and the possibility transfer energy were measured and calculated that confirm the possibility of energy transfer from Nd³⁺ to Er³⁺ and Pr³⁺ ions. Since, the emission spectrum at 1535 nm was found, this is a good reason for it to be used as an optical device.

Abstract:

Perovskite solar cells have rapidly advanced due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties, but achieving uniform crystallization and stability remains challenging. This review examines solvent-assisted annealing, including solvent-vapor and anti-solvent treatments as a strategy to modulate perovskite crystallization for enhanced device performance. Solvent vapors (e.g. DMF, DMSO, alcohol mixtures) introduced during thermal annealing sustain a supersaturated environment that extends nucleation and enables Ostwald ripening, yielding markedly larger grain sizes and improved crystallinity. Studies show that solvent annealing can increase MAPbI3 carrier diffusion lengths beyond 1 μm and maintain >14.5% efficiency even for films up to 1 μm thick. Advanced schemes, such as combined DMSO-water vapor annealing, have produced nearly single-crystal grains and devices with 19.5% power conversion efficiency (PCE), by reducing defect-mediated recombination. These microstructural gains translate into higher PCE and stability: solvent-annealed films exhibit fewer trap sites and inhibited moisture degradation. Finally, we address scalability: ambient solvent-antisolvent treatments have yielded >5 μm grains with 100% film coverage in large-area Perovskite solar cells. Overall, solvent annealing emerges as a powerful tool for tailoring perovskite films. This review synthesizes the mechanisms and performance benefits of solvent annealing and evaluates its prospects for scalable, industrialized PSC fabrication. By identifying key challenges and emerging solutions, it aims to guide future research efforts toward more efficient and manufacturable perovskite solar technologies