On the Scattering Greenhouse Effect of CO2 Ice Clouds

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences American Meteorological Society 55:10 (1998) 1897-1903

Authors:

RT Pierrehumbert, C Erlick

Lateral mixing as a source of subtropical water vapor

Geophysical Research Letters American Geophysical Union (AGU) 25:2 (1998) 151-154

Contour lengthening rates near the tropopause

Geophysical Research Letters American Geophysical Union (AGU) 24:22 (1997) 2721-2724

Authors:

M Bithell, LJ Gray

Warming early Mars with carbon dioxide clouds that scatter infrared radiation.

Science (New York, N.Y.) 278:5341 (1997) 1273-1276

Authors:

F Forget, RT Pierrehumbert

Abstract:

Geomorphic evidence that Mars was warm enough to support flowing water about 3.8 billion years ago presents a continuing enigma that cannot be explained by conventional greenhouse warming mechanisms. Model calculations show that the surface of early Mars could have been warmed through a scattering variant of the greenhouse effect, resulting from the ability of the carbon dioxide ice clouds to reflect the outgoing thermal radiation back to the surface. This process could also explain how Earth avoided an early irreversible glaciation and could extend the size of the habitable zone on extrasolar planets around stars.

Modeling quasi‐biennial variability in the semiannual double peak

Journal of Geophysical Research American Geophysical Union (AGU) 102:D13 (1997) 16169-16187

Authors:

Richard Kennaugh, Sarah Ruth, Lesley J Gray