Cosmology

Abstract:

We present the first high-resolution n-body simulations of the fragmentation of dark matter filaments. Such fragmentation occurs in top-down scenarios of structure formation, when the dark matter is warm instead of cold. In a previous paper (Knebe et al. 2002, hereafter Paper I), we showed that WDM differs from the standard Cold Dark Matter (CDM) mainly in the formation history and large-scale distribution of low-mass haloes, which form later and tend to be more clustered in WDM than in CDM universes, tracing more closely the filamentary structures of the cosmic web. Therefore, we focus our computational effort in this paper on one particular filament extracted from a WDM cosmological simulation and compare in detail its evolution to that of the same CDM filament. We find that the mass distribution of the halos forming via fragmentation within the filament is broadly peaked around a Jeans mass of a few 10^9 Msun, corresponding to a gravitational instability of smooth regions with an overdensity contrast around 10 at these redshifts. Our results confirm that WDM filaments fragment and form gravitationally bound haloes in a top-down fashion, whereas CDM filaments are built bottom-up, thus demonstrating the impact of the nature of the dark matter on dwarf galaxy properties.

Abstract:

We present a power spectrum analysis of the final 2dF QSO Redshift Survey catalogue containing 22652 QSOs. Utilising the huge volume probed by the QSOs, we can accurately measure power out to scales of ~500Mpc and derive new constraints, at z~1.4, on the matter and baryonic contents of the Universe. Importantly, these new cosmological constraints are derived at an intermediate epoch between the CMB observations at z~1000, and local (z~0) studies of large-scale structure; the average QSO redshift corresponds to a look-back time of approximately two-thirds of the age of the Universe. We find that the amplitude of clustering of the QSOs at z~1.4 is similar to that of present day galaxies. The power spectra of the QSOs at high and low redshift are compared and we find little evidence for any evolution in the amplitude. Assuming a lambda cosmology to derive the comoving distances, r(z), to the QSOs, the power spectrum derived can be well described by a model with shape parameter Gamma=0.13+-0.02. If an Einstein-de Sitter model r(z) is instead assumed, a slightly higher value of Gamma=0.16+-0.03 is obtained. A comparison with the Hubble Volume LCDM simulation shows very good agreement over the whole range of scales considered. A standard (Omega_m=1) CDM model, however, predicts a much higher value of Gamma than is observed, and it is difficult to reconcile such a model with these data. We fit CDM model power spectra (assuming scale-invariant initial fluctuations), convolved with the survey window function, and corrected for redshift space distortions, and find that models with baryon oscillations are slightly preferred, with the baryon fraction Omega_b/Omega_m=0.18+-0.10. The overall shape of the power spectrum provides a strong constraint on Omega_m*h (where h is the Hubble parameter), with Omega_m*h=0.19+-0.05.

Abstract:

Evidence has been found for optical emission from the northern radio jet of 3C 31, the radio source associated with NGC 383. The jet emerges from the dust disc and ring of emission at a radius of 5 arcsec, and within 10.4 arcsec is measured to have a B-band flux of 2.1 μJy and an R-band flux of 2.3 μJy. The radio-to-optical spectral index of this region is 0.78. A second connected region, 11.8 arcsec along the jet in position angle 340°, found to have similar optical colours and radio-to-optical spectral index may also be jet emission. We combine our new data with recent radio and X-ray results to conclude that the emission of the jet is synchrotron from the radio to the X-ray.