FASER2

Abstract:

We study natural composite cold dark matter candidates which are pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons (pNGB) in models of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking. Some of these can have a significant thermal relic abundance, while others must be mainly asymmetric dark matter. By considering the thermal abundance alone we find a lower bound of MW on the pNGB mass when the (composite) Higgs is heavier than 115 GeV. Being pNGBs, the dark matter candidates are in general light enough to be produced at the LHC.

Abstract:

Although recent measurements of the shower profiles of ultra-high energy cosmic rays suggest that they are largely initiated by heavy nuclei, such conclusions rely on hadronic interaction models which have large uncertainties. We investigate an alternative test of cosmic ray composition which is based on the observation of ultra-high energy photons produced through cosmic ray interactions with diffuse low energy photon backgrounds during intergalactic propagation. We show that if the ultra-high energy cosmic rays are dominated by heavy nuclei, the flux of these photons is suppressed by approximately an order of magnitude relative to the proton-dominated case. Future observations by the Pierre Auger Observatory may be able to use this observable to constrain the composition of the primaries, thus providing an important cross-check of hadronic interaction models.

Abstract:

Cold dark matter particles with an intrinsic matter-antimatter asymmetry do not annihilate after gravitational capture by the Sun and can affect its interior structure. The rate of capture is exponentially enhanced when such particles have self-interactions of the right order to explain structure formation on galactic scales. A "dark baryon" of mass 5 GeV is a natural candidate and has the required relic abundance if its asymmetry is similar to that of ordinary baryons. We show that such particles can solve the "solar composition problem." The predicted small decrease in the low energy neutrino fluxes may be measurable by the Borexino and SNO+ experiments.