Rubin-LSST

Abstract:

The interstellar object (ISO) population of the Milky Way is a product of its stars. However, what is in fact a complex structure in the solar neighborhood has traditionally in ISO studies been described as smoothly distributed. Using a debiased stellar population derived from the Gaia Data Release 3 stellar sample, we predict that the velocity distribution of ISOs is far more textured than a smooth Gaussian. The moving groups caused by Galactic resonances dominate the distribution. 1I/‘Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov have entirely normal places within these distributions; 1I is within the noncoeval moving group that includes the Matariki (Pleiades) cluster, and 2I within the Coma Berenices moving group. We show that for the composition of planetesimals formed beyond the ice line, these velocity structures also have a chemodynamic component. This variation will be visible on the sky. We predict that this richly textured distribution will be differentiable from smooth Gaussians in samples that are within the expected discovery capacity of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. Solar neighborhood ISOs will be of all ages and come from a dynamic mix of many different populations of stars, reflecting their origins from all around the Galactic disk.

Abstract:

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We present a formalism to extract the angular power spectrum of fields sampled at a finite number of points with arbitrary positions — a common situation for several catalog-based astrophysical probes — through a simple extension of the standard pseudo-<jats:italic>C<jats:sub>ℓ</jats:sub> </jats:italic> algorithm. A key complication in this case is the need to handle the shot noise component of the associated discrete angular mask which, for sparse catalogs, can lead to strong coupling between very different angular scales. We show that this problem can be solved easily by estimating this contribution analytically and subtracting it. The resulting estimator is immune to small-scale pixelization effects and aliasing, and, most notably, unbiased against the contribution from measurement noise uncorrelated between different sources. We demonstrate the validity of the method in the context of cosmic shear datasets, and showcase its usage in the case of other spin-0 and spin-1 astrophysical fields of interest. We incorporate the method in the public <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://github.com/LSSTDESC/NaMaster" xlink:type="simple">&lt;monospace&gt;NaMaster&lt;/monospace&gt;</jats:ext-link> code.</jats:p>