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Relativistic Jet from Black Hole

An artist's impression of a relativistic jet propagating away from a black hole at close to the speed of light. Such jets are formed by the inner regions of the accretion flow: matter flowing inwards towards the black hole, via processes which are not yet fully understood. The accretion flow emits primarily in X-rays, the relativistic jet in the radio band: by combing observations in each band we can try and understand how such jets form and how much energy they carry away from the black hole.

Professor Rob Fender

Professor of Astrophysics

Research theme

  • Astronomy and astrophysics

Sub department

  • Astrophysics

Research groups

  • Hintze Centre for Astrophysical Surveys
  • MeerKAT
  • Pulsars, transients and relativistic astrophysics
  • Rubin-LSST
  • The Square Kilometre Array (SKA)
  • Gamma-ray astronomy
Rob.Fender@physics.ox.ac.uk
Telephone: 01865 (2)73435
Denys Wilkinson Building, room 712
  • About
  • Publications

A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 10^{17} - 10^{17.5} eV from radio observations

(2016)

Authors:

S Buitink, A Corstanje, H Falcke, JR Hörandel, T Huege, A Nelles, JP Rachen, L Rossetto, P Schellart, O Scholten, S ter Veen, S Thoudam, TNG Trinh, J Anderson, A Asgekar, IM Avruch, ME Bell, MJ Bentum, G Bernardi, P Best, A Bonafede, F Breitling, JW Broderick, WN Brouw, M Brüggen, HR Butcher, D Carbone, B Ciardi, JE Conway, F de Gasperin, E de Geus, A Deller, R-J Dettmar, G van Diepen, S Duscha, J Eislöffel, D Engels, JE Enriquez, RA Fallows, R Fender, C Ferrari, W Frieswijk, MA Garrett, JM Griessmeier, AW Gunst, MP van Haarlem, TE Hassall, G Heald, JWT Hessels, M Hoeft, A Horneffer, M Iacobelli, H Intema, E Juette, A Karastergiou, VI Kondratiev, M Kramer, M Kuniyoshi, G Kuper, J van Leeuwen, GM Loose, P Maat, G Mann, S Markoff, R McFadden, D McKay-Bukowski, JP McKean, M Mevius, DD Mulcahy, H Munk, MJ Norden, E Orru, H Paas, M Pandey-Pommier, VN Pandey, M Pietka, R Pizzo, AG Polatidis, W Reich, HJA Röttgering, AMM Scaife, DJ Schwarz, M Serylak, J Sluman, O Smirnov, BW Stappers, M Steinmetz, A Stewart, J Swinbank, M Tagger, Y Tang, C Tasse, MC Toribio, R Vermeulen, C Vocks, C Vogt, RJ van Weeren, RAMJ Wijers, SJ Wijnholds, MW Wise, O Wucknitz, S Yatawatta, P Zarka, JA Zensus
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A clean sightline to quiescence: multiwavelength observations of the high Galactic latitude black hole X-ray binary Swift J1357.2−0933

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Oxford University Press (OUP) 456:3 (2016) 2707-2716

Authors:

Richard M Plotkin, Elena Gallo, Peter G Jonker, James CA Miller-Jones, Jeroen Homan, Teo Muñoz-Darias, Sera Markoff, Montserrat Armas Padilla, Rob Fender, Anthony P Rushton, David M Russell, Manuel AP Torres
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A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 10(17)-10(17.5) electronvolts from radio observations

Nature Springer Nature (2016)

Authors:

S Buitink, A Corstanje, H Falcke, Hörandel, T Huege, A Nelles, JP Rachen, L Rossetto, P Schellart, O Scholten, S Ter Ter Veen, S Thoudam, TNG Trinh, J Anderson, A Asgekar, IM Avruch, ME Bell, MJ Bentum, G Bernardi, P Best, A Bonafede, F Breitling, JW Broderick, WN Brouw, M Brüggen, HR Butcher, D Carbone, B Ciardi, JE Conway, F De Gasperin, E De Geus, A Deller, R-J Dettmar, G Van Diepen, S Duscha, J Eislöffel, D Engels, JE Enriquez, RA Fallows, Robert Fender, C Ferrari, W Frieswijk, MA Garrett, JM Grießmeier, AW Gunst, MP Van Haarlem, TE Hassall, G Heald, JWT Hessels, M Hoeft

Abstract:

Cosmic rays are the highest-energy particles found in nature. Measurements of the mass composition of cosmic rays with energies of 10(17)-10(18) electronvolts are essential to understanding whether they have galactic or extragalactic sources. It has also been proposed that the astrophysical neutrino signal comes from accelerators capable of producing cosmic rays of these energies. Cosmic rays initiate air showers--cascades of secondary particles in the atmosphere-and their masses can be inferred from measurements of the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum (Xmax; the depth of the air shower when it contains the most particles) or of the composition of shower particles reaching the ground. Current measurements have either high uncertainty, or a low duty cycle and a high energy threshold. Radio detection of cosmic rays is a rapidly developing technique for determining Xmax (refs 10, 11) with a duty cycle of, in principle, nearly 100 per cent. The radiation is generated by the separation of relativistic electrons and positrons in the geomagnetic field and a negative charge excess in the shower front. Here we report radio measurements of Xmax with a mean uncertainty of 16 grams per square centimetre for air showers initiated by cosmic rays with energies of 10(17)-10(17.5) electronvolts. This high resolution in Xmax enables us to determine the mass spectrum of the cosmic rays: we find a mixed composition, with a light-mass fraction (protons and helium nuclei) of about 80 per cent. Unless, contrary to current expectations, the extragalactic component of cosmic rays contributes substantially to the total flux below 10(17.5) electronvolts, our measurements indicate the existence of an additional galactic component, to account for the light composition that we measured in the 10(17)-10(17.5) electronvolt range.
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LOFAR MSSS: detection of a low-frequency radio transient in 400 h of monitoring of the North Celestial Pole

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Oxford University Press 456:3 (2016) 2321-2342

Authors:

AJ Stewart, Robert Fender, JW Broderick, TE Hassall, T Muñoz-Darias, A Rowlinson, JD Swinbank, TD Staley, GJ Molenaar, B Scheers, TL Grobler, M Pietka, G Heald, JP McKean, ME Bell, A Bonafede, RP Breton, D Carbone, Y Cendes, AO Clarke, S Corbel, F de Gasperin, J Eislöffel, H Falcke, C Ferrari, J-M Grießmeier, MJ Hardcastle, V Heesen, JWT Hessels, A Horneffer, M Iacobelli, P Jonker, Aris Karastergiou, G Kokotanekov, VI Kondratiev, M Kuniyoshi, CJ Law, J van Leeuwen, S Markoff, JCA Miller-Jones, D Mulcahy, E Orru, M Pandey-Pommier, L Pratley, E Rol, HJA Röttgering, AMM Scaife, A Shulevski, CA Sobey, BW Stappers

Abstract:

We present the results of a four-month campaign searching for low-frequency radio transients near the North Celestial Pole with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR), as part of the Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS). The data were recorded between 2011 December and 2012 April and comprised 2149 11-min snapshots, each covering 175 deg 2 . We have found one convincing candidate astrophysical transient, with a duration of a few minutes and a flux density at 60 MHz of 15-25 Jy. The transient does not repeat and has no obvious optical or high-energy counterpart, as a result of which its nature is unclear. The detection of this event implies a transient rate at 60 MHz of 3.9 -3.7 +14.7 × 10 -4 d -1 deg -2 , and a transient surface density of 1.5 × 10 -5 deg -2 , at a 7.9-Jy limiting flux density and ~10-min time-scale. The campaign data were also searched for transients at a range of other time-scales, from 0.5 to 297 min, which allowed us to place a range of limits on transient rates at 60MHz as a function of observation duration.
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Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914

(2016)

Authors:

BP Abbott, R Abbott, TD Abbott, MR Abernathy, F Acernese, K Ackley, C Adams, T Adams, P Addesso, RX Adhikari, VB Adya, C Affeldt, M Agathos, K Agatsuma, N Aggarwal, OD Aguiar, L Aiello, A Ain, P Ajith, B Allen, A Allocca, PA Altin, SB Anderson, WG Anderson, K Arai, MC Araya, CC Arceneaux, JS Areeda, N Arnaud, KG Arun, S Ascenzi, G Ashton, M Ast, SM Aston, P Astone, P Aufmuth, C Aulbert, S Babak, P Bacon, MKM Bader, PT Baker, F Baldaccini, G Ballardin, SW Ballmer, JC Barayoga, SE Barclay, BC Barish, D Barker, F Barone, B Barr, L Barsotti, M Barsuglia, D Barta, S Barthelmy, J Bartlett, I Bartos, R Bassiri, A Basti, JC Batch, C Baune, V Bavigadda, M Bazzan, B Behnke, M Bejger, AS Bell, CJ Bell, BK Berger, J Bergman, G Bergmann, CPL Berry, D Bersanetti, A Bertolini, J Betzwieser, S Bhagwat, R Bhandare, IA Bilenko, G Billingsley, J Birch, R Birney, S Biscans, A Bisht, M Bitossi, C Biwer, MA Bizouard, JK Blackburn, CD Blair, DG Blair, RM Blair, S Bloemen, O Bock, TP Bodiya, M Boer, G Bogaert, C Bogan, A Bohe, P Bojtos, C Bond, F Bondu, R Bonnand, BA Boom, R Bork, V Boschi, S Bose, Y Bouffanais, A Bozzi, C Bradaschia, PR Brady, VB Braginsky, M Branchesi, JE Brau, T Briant, A Brillet, M Brinkmann, V Brisson, P Brockill, AF Brooks, DA Brown, DD Brown, NM Brown, CC Buchanan, A Buikema, T Bulik, HJ Bulten, A Buonanno, D Buskulic, C Buy, RL Byer, L Cadonati, G Cagnoli, C Cahillane, JC Bustillo, T Callister, E Calloni, JB Camp, KC Cannon, J Cao, CD Capano, E Capocasa, F Carbognani, S Caride, JC Diaz, C Casentini, S Caudill, M Cavaglià, F Cavalier, R Cavalieri, G Cella, CB Cepeda, LC Baiardi, G Cerretani, E Cesarini, R Chakraborty, T Chalermsongsak, SJ Chamberlin, M Chan, S Chao, P Charlton, E Chassande-Mottin, HY Chen, Y Chen, C Cheng, A Chincarini, A Chiummo, HS Cho, M Cho, JH Chow, N Christensen, Q Chu, S Chua, S Chung, G Ciani, F Clara, JA Clark, F Cleva, E Coccia, P-F Cohadon, A Colla, CG Collette, L Cominsky, M Constancio, A Conte, L Conti, D Cook, TR Corbitt, N Cornish, A Corsi, S Cortese, CA Costa, MW Coughlin, SB Coughlin, J-P Coulon, ST Countryman, P Couvares, EE Cowan, DM Coward, MJ Cowart, DC Coyne, R Coyne, K Craig, JDE Creighton, J Cripe, SG Crowder, A Cumming, L Cunningham, E Cuoco, T Dal Canton, SL Danilishin, S D'Antonio, K Danzmann, NS Darman, V Dattilo, I Dave, HP Daveloza, M Davier, GS Davies, EJ Daw, R Day, D DeBra, G Debreczeni, J Degallaix, M De Laurentis, S Deléglise, W Del Pozzo, T Denker, T Dent, H Dereli, V Dergachev, RT DeRosa, R De Rosa, R DeSalvo, S Dhurandhar, MC Díaz, L Di Fiore, M Di Giovanni, A Di Lieto, S Di Pace, I Di Palma, A Di Virgilio, G Dojcinoski, V Dolique, F Donovan, KL Dooley, S Doravari, R Douglas, TP Downes, M Drago, RWP Drever, JC Driggers, Z Du, M Ducrot, SE Dwyer, TB Edo, MC Edwards, A Effler, H-B Eggenstein, P Ehrens, J Eichholz, SS Eikenberry, W Engels, RC Essick, T Etzel, M Evans, TM Evans, R Everett, M Factourovich, V Fafone, H Fair, S Fairhurst, X Fan, Q Fang, S Farinon, B Farr, WM Farr, M Favata, M Fays, H Fehrmann, MM Fejer, I Ferrante, EC Ferreira, F Ferrini, F Fidecaro, I Fiori, D Fiorucci, RP Fisher, R Flaminio, M Fletcher, J-D Fournier, S Franco, S Frasca, F Frasconi, Z Frei, A Freise, R Frey, V Frey, TT Fricke, P Fritschel, VV Frolov, P Fulda, M Fyffe, HAG Gabbard, JR Gair, L Gammaitoni, SG Gaonkar, F Garufi, A Gatto, G Gaur, N Gehrels, G Gemme, B Gendre, E Genin, A Gennai, J George, L Gergely, V Germain, A Ghosh, S Ghosh, JA Giaime, KD Giardina, A Giazotto, K Gill, A Glaefke, E Goetz, R Goetz, L Gondan, G González, JMG Castro, A Gopakumar, NA Gordon, ML Gorodetsky, SE Gossan, M Gosselin, R Gouaty, C Graef, PB Graff, M Granata, A Grant, S Gras, C Gray, G Greco, AC Green, P Groot, H Grote, S Grunewald, GM Guidi, X Guo, A Gupta, MK Gupta, KE Gushwa, EK Gustafson, R Gustafson, JJ Hacker, BR Hall, ED Hall, G Hammond, M Haney, MM Hanke, J Hanks, C Hanna, MD Hannam, J Hanson, T Hardwick, K Haris, J Harms, GM Harry, IW Harry, MJ Hart, MT Hartman, C-J Haster, K Haughian, A Heidmann, MC Heintze, H Heitmann, P Hello, G Hemming, M Hendry, IS Heng, J Hennig, AW Heptonstall, M Heurs, S Hild, D Hoak, KA Hodge, D Hofman, SE Hollitt, K Holt, DE Holz, P Hopkins, DJ Hosken, J Hough, EA Houston, EJ Howell, YM Hu, S Huang, EA Huerta, D Huet, B Hughey, S Husa, SH Huttner, T Huynh-Dinh, A Idrisy, N Indik, DR Ingram, R Inta, HN Isa, J-M Isac, M Isi, G Islas, T Isogai, BR Iyer, K Izumi, T Jacqmin, H Jang, K Jani, P Jaranowski, S Jawahar, F Jiménez-Forteza, WW Johnson, DI Jones, R Jones, RJG Jonker, L Ju, CV Kalaghatgi, V Kalogera, S Kandhasamy, G Kang, JB Kanner, S Karki, M Kasprzack, E Katsavounidis, W Katzman, S Kaufer, T Kaur, K Kawabe, F Kawazoe, F Kéfélian, MS Kehl, D Keitel, DB Kelley, W Kells, R Kennedy, JS Key, A Khalaidovski, FY Khalili, I Khan, S Khan, Z Khan, EA Khazanov, N Kijbunchoo, C Kim, J Kim, K Kim, N Kim, N Kim, Y-M Kim, EJ King, PJ King, DL Kinzel, JS Kissel, L Kleybolte, S Klimenko, SM Koehlenbeck, K Kokeyama, S Koley, V Kondrashov, A Kontos, M Korobko, WZ Korth, I Kowalska, DB Kozak, V Kringel, A Królak, C Krueger, G Kuehn, P Kumar, L Kuo, A Kutynia, BD Lackey, M Landry, J Lange, B Lantz, PD Lasky, A Lazzarini, C Lazzaro, P Leaci, S Leavey, EO Lebigot, CH Lee, HK Lee, HM Lee, K Lee, A Lenon, M Leonardi, JR Leong, N Leroy, N Letendre, Y Levin, BM Levine, TGF Li, A Libson, TB Littenberg, NA Lockerbie, J Logue, AL Lombardi, JE Lord, M Lorenzini, V Loriette, M Lormand, G Losurdo, JD Lough, H Lück, AP Lundgren, J Luo, R Lynch, Y Ma, T MacDonald, B Machenschalk, M MacInnis, DM Macleod, F Magaña-Sandoval, RM Magee, M Mageswaran, E Majorana, I Maksimovic, V Malvezzi, N Man, I Mandel, V Mandic, V Mangano, GL Mansell, M Manske, M Mantovani, F Marchesoni, F Marion, S Márka, Z Márka, AS Markosyan, E Maros, F Martelli, L Martellini, IW Martin, RM Martin, DV Martynov, JN Marx, K Mason, A Masserot, TJ Massinger, M Masso-Reid, F Matichard, L Matone, N Mavalvala, N Mazumder, G Mazzolo, R McCarthy, DE McClelland, S McCormick, SC McGuire, G McIntyre, J McIver, DJ McManus, ST McWilliams, D Meacher, GD Meadors, J Meidam, A Melatos, G Mendell, D Mendoza-Gandara, RA Mercer, E Merilh, M Merzougui, S Meshkov, C Messenger, C Messick, PM Meyers, F Mezzani, H Miao, C Michel, H Middleton, EE Mikhailov, L Milano, J Miller, M Millhouse, Y Minenkov, J Ming, S Mirshekari, C Mishra, S Mitra, VP Mitrofanov, G Mitselmakher, R Mittleman, A Moggi, M Mohan, SRP Mohapatra, M Montani, BC Moore, CJ Moore, D Moraru, G Moreno, SR Morriss, K Mossavi, B Mours, CM Mow-Lowry, CL Mueller, G Mueller, AW Muir, A Mukherjee, D Mukherjee, S Mukherjee, N Mukund, A Mullavey, J Munch, DJ Murphy, PG Murray, A Mytidis, I Nardecchia, L Naticchioni, RK Nayak, V Necula, K Nedkova, G Nelemans, M Neri, A Neunzert, G Newton, TT Nguyen, AB Nielsen, S Nissanke, A Nitz, F Nocera, D Nolting, MEN Normandin, LK Nuttall, J Oberling, E Ochsner, J O'Dell, E Oelker, GH Ogin, JJ Oh, SH Oh, F Ohme, M Oliver, P Oppermann, RJ Oram, B O'Reilly, R O'Shaughnessy, DJ Ottaway, RS Ottens, H Overmier, BJ Owen, A Pai, SA Pai, JR Palamos, O Palashov, N Palliyaguru, C Palomba, A Pal-Singh, H Pan, C Pankow, F Pannarale, BC Pant, F Paoletti, A Paoli, MA Papa, HR Paris, W Parker, D Pascucci, A Pasqualetti, R Passaquieti, D Passuello, B Patricelli, Z Patrick, BL Pearlstone, M Pedraza, R Pedurand, L Pekowsky, A Pele, S Penn, A Perreca, M Phelps, O Piccinni, M Pichot, F Piergiovanni, V Pierro, G Pillant, L Pinard, IM Pinto, M Pitkin, R Poggiani, P Popolizio, A Post, J Powell, J Prasad, V Predoi, SS Premachandra, T Prestegard, LR Price, M Prijatelj, M Principe, S Privitera, GA Prodi, L Prokhorov, O Puncken, M Punturo, P Puppo, M Pürrer, H Qi, J Qin, V Quetschke, EA Quintero, R Quitzow-James, FJ Raab, DS Rabeling, H Radkins, P Raffai, S Raja, M Rakhmanov, P Rapagnani, V Raymond, M Razzano, V Re, J Read, CM Reed, T Regimbau, L Rei, S Reid, DH Reitze, H Rew, SD Reyes, F Ricci, K Riles, NA Robertson, R Robie, F Robinet, A Rocchi, L Rolland, JG Rollins, VJ Roma, R Romano, G Romanov, JH Romie, D Rosińska, S Rowan, A Rüdiger, P Ruggi, K Ryan, S Sachdev, T Sadecki, L Sadeghian, L Salconi, M Saleem, F Salemi, A Samajdar, L Sammut, EJ Sanchez, V Sandberg, B Sandeen, JR Sanders, B Sassolas, BS Sathyaprakash, PR Saulson, O Sauter, RL Savage, A Sawadsky, P Schale, R Schilling, J Schmidt, P Schmidt, R Schnabel, RMS Schofield, A Schönbeck, E Schreiber, D Schuette, BF Schutz, J Scott, SM Scott, D Sellers, D Sentenac, V Sequino, A Sergeev, G Serna, Y Setyawati, A Sevigny, DA Shaddock, S Shah, MS Shahriar, M Shaltev, Z Shao, B Shapiro, P Shawhan, A Sheperd, DH Shoemaker, DM Shoemaker, K Siellez, X Siemens, D Sigg, AD Silva, D Simakov, A Singer, A Singh, R Singh, A Singhal, AM Sintes, BJJ Slagmolen, JR Smith, ND Smith, RJE Smith, EJ Son, B Sorazu, F Sorrentino, T Souradeep, AK Srivastava, A Staley, M Steinke, J Steinlechner, S Steinlechner, D Steinmeyer, BC Stephens, R Stone, KA Strain, N Straniero, G Stratta, NA Strauss, S Strigin, R Sturani, AL Stuver, TZ Summerscales, L Sun, PJ Sutton, BL Swinkels, MJ Szczepańczyk, M Tacca, D Talukder, DB Tanner, M Tápai, SP Tarabrin, A Taracchini, R Taylor, T Theeg, MP Thirugnanasambandam, EG Thomas, M Thomas, P Thomas, KA Thorne, KS Thorne, E Thrane, S Tiwari, V Tiwari, KV Tokmakov, C Tomlinson, M Tonelli, CV Torres, CI Torrie, D Töyrä, F Travasso, G Traylor, D Trifirò, MC Tringali, L Trozzo, M Tse, M Turconi, D Tuyenbayev, D Ugolini, CS Unnikrishnan, AL Urban, SA Usman, H Vahlbruch, G Vajente, G Valdes, N van Bakel, M van Beuzekom, JFJ van den Brand, C Van Den Broeck, DC Vander-Hyde, L van der Schaaf, JV van Heijningen, AA van Veggel, M Vardaro, S Vass, M Vasúth, R Vaulin, A Vecchio, G Vedovato, J Veitch, PJ Veitch, K Venkateswara, D Verkindt, F Vetrano, A Viceré, S Vinciguerra, DJ Vine, J-Y Vinet, S Vitale, T Vo, H Vocca, C Vorvick, D Voss, WD Vousden, SP Vyatchanin, AR Wade, LE Wade, M Wade, M Walker, L Wallace, S Walsh, G Wang, H Wang, M Wang, X Wang, Y Wang, RL Ward, J Warner, M Was, B Weaver, L-W Wei, M Weinert, AJ Weinstein, R Weiss, T Welborn, L Wen, P Weßels, T Westphal, K Wette, JT Whelan, DJ White, BF Whiting, RD Williams, AR Williamson, JL Willis, B Willke, MH Wimmer, W Winkler, CC Wipf, H Wittel, G Woan, J Worden, JL Wright, G Wu, J Yablon, W Yam, H Yamamoto, CC Yancey, MJ Yap, H Yu, M Yvert, A Zadrożny, L Zangrando, M Zanolin, J-P Zendri, M Zevin, F Zhang, L Zhang, M Zhang, Y Zhang, C Zhao, M Zhou, Z Zhou, XJ Zhu, ME Zucker, SE Zuraw, J Zweizig, J Allison, K Bannister, ME Bell, S Chatterjee, AP Chippendale, PG Edwards, L Harvey-Smith, Ian Heywood, A Hotan, B Indermuehle, J Marvil, D McConnell, T Murphy, A Popping, J Reynolds, RJ Sault, MA Voronkov, MT Whiting, AJ Castro-Tirado, R Cunniffe, M Jelínek, JC Tello, SR Oates, Y-D Hu, P Kubánek, S Guziy, A Castellón, A García-Cerezo, VF Muñoz, C Pérez del Pulgar, S Castillo-Carrión, JM Castro Cerón, R Hudec, MD Caballero-García, P Páta, S Vitek, JA Adame, S Konig, F Rendón, T de J Mateo Sanguino, R Fernández-Muñoz, PC Yock, N Rattenbury, WH Allen, R Querel, S Jeong, IH Park, J Bai, Ch Cui, Y Fan, Ch Wang, D Hiriart, WH Lee, A Claret, R Sánchez-Ramírez, SB Pandey, T Mediavilla, L Sabau-Graziati, TMC Abbott, FB Abdalla, S Allam, J Annis, R Armstrong, A Benoit-Lévy, E Berger, RA Bernstein, E Bertin, D Brout, E Buckley-Geer, DL Burke, D Capozzi, J Carretero, FJ Castander, R Chornock, PS Cowperthwaite, M Crocce, CE Cunha, CB D'Andrea, LN da Costa, S Desai, HT Diehl, JP Dietrich, Z Doctor, A Drlica-Wagner, MR Drout, TF Eifler, J Estrada, AE Evrard, E Fernandez, DA Finley, B Flaugher, RJ Foley, W-F Fong, P Fosalba, DB Fox, J Frieman, CL Fryer, E Gaztanaga, DW Gerdes, DA Goldstein, D Gruen, RA Gruendl, G Gutierrez, K Herner, K Honscheid, DJ James, MD Johnson, MWG Johnson, I Karliner, D Kasen, S Kent, R Kessler, AG Kim, MC Kind, K Kuehn, N Kuropatkin, O Lahav, TS Li, M Lima, H Lin, MAG Maia, R Margutti, J Marriner, P Martini, T Matheson, P Melchior, BD Metzger, CJ Miller, R Miquel, E Neilsen, RC Nichol, B Nord, P Nugent, R Ogando, D Petravick, AA Plazas, E Quataert, N Roe, AK Romer, A Roodman, AC Rosell, ES Rykoff, M Sako, E Sanchez, V Scarpine, R Schindler, M Schubnell, D Scolnic, I Sevilla-Noarbe, E Sheldon, N Smith, RC Smith, M Soares-Santos, F Sobreira, A Stebbins, E Suchyta, MEC Swanson, G Tarle, J Thaler, D Thomas, RC Thomas, DL Tucker, V Vikram, AR Walker, RH Wechsler, W Wester, B Yanny, Y Zhang, J Zuntz, V Connaughton, E Burns, A Goldstein, MS Briggs, B-B Zhang, CM Hui, P Jenke, CA Wilson-Hodge, PN Bhat, E Bissaldi, W Cleveland, G Fitzpatrick, MM Giles, MH Gibby, J Greiner, A von Kienlin, RM Kippen, S McBreen, B Mailyan, CA Meegan, WS Paciesas, RD Preece, O Roberts, L Sparke, M Stanbro, K Toelge, P Veres, H-F Yu, L Blackburn, M Ackermann, M Ajello, A Albert, B Anderson, WB Atwood, M Axelsson, L Baldini, G Barbiellini, D Bastieri, R Bellazzini, E Bissaldi, RD Blandford, ED Bloom, R Bonino, E Bottacini, TJ Brandt, P Bruel, S Buson, GA Caliandro, RA Cameron, M Caragiulo, PA Caraveo, E Cavazzuti, E Charles, A Chekhtman, J Chiang, G Chiaro, S Ciprini, J Cohen-Tanugi, LR Cominsky, F Costanza, A Cuoco, F D'Ammando, F de Palma, R Desiante, SW Digel, N Di Lalla, M Di Mauro, L Di Venere, A Domínguez, PS Drell, R Dubois, C Favuzzi, EC Ferrara, A Franckowiak, Y Fukazawa, S Funk, P Fusco, F Gargano, D Gasparrini, N Giglietto, P Giommi, F Giordano, M Giroletti, T Glanzman, G Godfrey, GA Gomez-Vargas, D Green, IA Grenier, JE Grove, S Guiriec, D Hadasch, AK Harding, E Hays, JW Hewitt, AB Hill, D Horan, T Jogler, G Jóhannesson, AS Johnson, S Kensei, D Kocevski, M Kuss, G La Mura, S Larsson, L Latronico, J Li, L Li, F Longo, F Loparco, MN Lovellette, P Lubrano, J Magill, S Maldera, A Manfreda, M Marelli, M Mayer, MN Mazziotta, JE McEnery, M Meyer, PF Michelson, N Mirabal, T Mizuno, AA Moiseev, ME Monzani, E Moretti, A Morselli, IV Moskalenko, M Negro, E Nuss, T Ohsugi, N Omodei, M Orienti, E Orlando, JF Ormes, D Paneque, JS Perkins, M Pesce-Rollins, F Piron, G Pivato, 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