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Black Hole

Lensing of space time around a black hole. At Oxford we study black holes observationally and theoretically on all size and time scales - it is some of our core work.

Credit: ALAIN RIAZUELO, IAP/UPMC/CNRS. CLICK HERE TO VIEW MORE IMAGES.

Dr Harley Katz

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Sub department

  • Astrophysics
harley.katz@physics.ox.ac.uk
Telephone: 01865 273348
Denys Wilkinson Building, room 532D
  • About
  • Publications

RUBIES: JWST/NIRSpec Confirmation of an Infrared-luminous, Broad-line Little Red Dot with an Ionized Outflow

The Astrophysical Journal American Astronomical Society 984:2 (2025) 121

Authors:

Bingjie Wang, Anna de Graaff, Rebecca L Davies, Jenny E Greene, Joel Leja, Gabriel B Brammer, Andy D Goulding, Tim B Miller, Katherine A Suess, Andrea Weibel, Christina C Williams, Rachel Bezanson, Leindert A Boogaard, Nikko J Cleri, Michaela Hirschmann, Harley Katz, Ivo Labbé, Michael V Maseda, Jorryt Matthee, Ian McConachie, Rohan P Naidu, Pascal A Oesch, Hans-Walter Rix, David J Setton

Abstract:

The JWST discovery of “little red dots” (LRDs) is reshaping our picture of the early Universe, yet the physical mechanisms driving their compact size and UV-optical colors remain elusive. Here, we report an unusually bright LRD (zspec = 3.1) observed as part of the RUBIES program. This LRD exhibits broad emission lines (FWHM ∼ 4000 km s−1), a blue UV continuum, a clear Balmer break, and a red continuum sampled out to rest-frame 4 μm with MIRI. We develop a new joint galaxy and active galactic nucleus (AGN) model within the Prospector Bayesian inference framework and perform spectrophotometric modeling using NIRCam, MIRI, and NIRSpec/Prism observations. Our fiducial model reveals a M* ∼ 109 M⊙ galaxy alongside a dust-reddened AGN driving the optical emission. Explaining the rest-frame optical color as a reddened AGN requires AV ≳ 3, suggesting that a great majority of the accretion disk energy is reradiated as dust emission. Yet, despite clear AGN signatures, we find a surprising lack of hot torus emission, which implies that either the dust emission in this object must be cold, or the red continuum must instead be driven by a massive, evolved stellar population of the host galaxy—seemingly inconsistent with the high-EW broad lines (Hα rest-frame EW ∼ 800 Å). The widths and luminosities of Pa-β, Pa-δ, Pa-γ, and Hα imply a modest black hole mass of MBH ∼ 108 M⊙. Additionally, we identify a narrow blueshifted He i λ 1.083 μm absorption feature in NIRSpec/G395M spectra, signaling an ionized outflow with kinetic energy up to ∼1% the luminosity of the AGN. The low redshift of RUBIES-BLAGN-1, combined with the depth and richness of the JWST imaging and spectroscopic observations, provides a unique opportunity to build a physical model for these so-far mysterious LRDs, which may prove to be a crucial phase in the early formation of massive galaxies and their supermassive black holes.
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Inferring the ionizing photon contributions of high-redshift galaxies to reionization with JWST NIRCam photometry

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Oxford University Press (OUP) (2025) staf126

Authors:

Nicholas Choustikov, Richard Stiskalek, Aayush Saxena, Harley Katz, Julien Devriendt, Adrianne Slyz
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Rising from the ashes: evidence of old stellar populations and rejuvenation events in the very early Universe

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Oxford University Press (OUP) 537:1 (2025) 112-126

Authors:

Callum Witten, William McClymont, Nicolas Laporte, Guido Roberts-Borsani, Debora Sijacki, Sandro Tacchella, Charlotte Simmonds, Harley Katz, Richard S Ellis, Joris Witstok, Roberto Maiolino, Xihan Ji, Billy R Hayes, Tobias J Looser, Francesco D’Eugenio
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High-z Stellar Masses Can Be Recovered Robustly with JWST Photometry

The Astrophysical Journal Letters American Astronomical Society 978:2 (2025) l42

Authors:

RK Cochrane, H Katz, R Begley, CC Hayward, PN Best
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Impact of star formation models on the growth of simulated galaxies at high redshifts

Astronomy & Astrophysics EDP Sciences (2024)

Authors:

Cheonsu Kang, Taysun Kimm, Daniel Han, Harley Katz, Julien Devriendt, Adrianne Slyz, Romain Teyssier
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