Hans Kraus

Abstract:

Scheelite CdMoO4 and wolframite eCdWO(4):MO (0.04-0.4wt%) single crystals were studied using the time-resolved spectroscopy under UV excitation over a temperature range of 1.85-300K. The threshold energies for the creation of free charge carriers were measured using the method of photostimulated luminescence. The decay kinetics of the main emission in CdMoO4 and the molybdenum-related emission in CdWO4:MO was studied and the parameters of the triplet excited states of molybdenum-related oxyanions were calculated. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Abstract:

The development of the multi-photon counting (MPC) technique for the investigation of scintillation properties of materials is presented. The technique is based on the recording and analysis of a sequence of individual photon pulses resulting from a scintillation event. The technique is especially advantageous for the analysis of slow scintillation processes and the investigation of temperature-dependent scintillator proper-Lies. The results on the temperature variation of scintillation characteristics of ZnSe and ZnSe-Te are presented to illustrate the performance of the MPC technique. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Abstract:

The future application of ZnWO 4 scintillator in a cryogenic search for rare events is the motivation for optimization of this material. We present results on the effect of Ca doping on the structure and scintillation properties of ZnWO 4. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that there is no mixing in the CaWO 4-ZnWO 4 pseudobinary system due to a significant mismatch of the crystal structures of CaWO 4 and ZnWO 4. The lattice parameters of Ca-doped ZnWO 4 samples obtained from X-ray powder diffraction data confirmed this finding. It is also shown that ZnWO 4 retains the monoclinic wolframite structure when cooling, at 12 K exhibiting the following lattice parameters: a = 4.6826(2) Å, b = 5.7088(2) Å, c = 4.9230(2) Å and β = 90.541(2)°. The scintillation light yield of the Zn 1-x,Ca xWO 4 was measured using the multi-photon counting technique and it is found that small concentrations of Ca (x = 0.001 - 0.02) cause no deterioration of this parameter. Ca doping of ZnWO 4 is expected to facilitate production of a single-crystalline scintillator. © 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

Abstract:

The Monte-Carlo refractive index matching (MCRIM) technique was developed to determine the physical properties of heavy inorganic scintillators (HIS) which are difficult to measure experimentally. It was designed as a method for obtaining input parameters for Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations of experimental arrangements incorporating HIS in their setups. The MCRIM technique is used to estimate the intrinsic light yield, the scattering coefficient and the absorption coefficient, herein referred to as indirect measurement properties. The MCRIM technique uses an experiment/MC combination to determine these indirect measurement properties. The MCRIM experimental setup comprises a crystal placed on a photomultiplier tube window with the possibility of introducing materials of different refractive indices in a small gap between the crystal and photomultiplier tube (PMT) window. The dependence of the measured light yield on the refractive index of the material in the gap can only be reproduced by simulations if the correct values of scattering, absorption and intrinsic light yield are used. The experimental setup is designed to minimise the presence of optical components such as unpolished surfaces and non-ideal reflectors, which are difficult to simulate. The MCRIM technique is tested on a 1.03×1.00×0.82 cm3 crystal of CaWO4 which is found to have a scattering coefficient of 0.061±0.005 cm-1, an absorption coefficient of 0.065±0.005 cm-1, and an intrinsic light yield of 22700±1700 photons/MeV. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.