Advanced Functional Materials and Devices (AFMD) Group

Abstract:

The open-circuit voltage (VOC) of an organic solar cell is limited by the donor-acceptor material system. The effective gap E geff between the electron affinity of the acceptor and the ionization potential of the donor is usually regarded as the upper limit for VOC, which is only reached for T → 0 K. This relation is confirmed for a number of small-molecule bulk heterojunction p-i-n type solar cells by varying the temperature and illumination intensity. With high precision, the low temperature limit of VOC is identical to E geff. Furthermore, the influence of the hole transport material in a p-doped hole transport layer and the donor-acceptor mixing ratio on this limit V0 is found to be negligible. Varying the active material system, the quantitative relation between V0 and E geff is found to be identity. A comparison of V 0 in a series of nine different donor-acceptor material combinations opens a pathway to quantitatively determine the ionization potential of a donor material or the electron affinity of an acceptor material. The effective gap of a photovoltaic donor-acceptor system equals the open-circuit voltage extrapolated to temperature zero. The extrapolation is independent of the illumination intensity, and material variations in the doped transport layers do not affect the measurement result. This is shown for bulk-heterojunction devices with different mixing ratios and with small-molecular materials from various classes. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Abstract:

Semi-transparent organic photovoltaics are of interest for a variety of photovoltaic applications, including solar windows and hybrid tandem photovoltaics. The figure shows a photograph of our semi-transparent solar cell, which has a power conversion efficiency of 5.0%, with an above bandgap transmission of 34% and a sub-bandgap transmission of 81%.

Abstract:

The open-circuit voltage of an organic solar cell is increasing with decreasing temperature and with increasing illumination intensity. These dependencies are quantitatively investigated for two types of organic solar cells, one with a flat donor-acceptor heterojunction and one with a mixed layer bulk heterojunction. Zinc-phthalocyanine and C60 are used as donor and acceptor, respectively. A qualitative difference is found for the two geometries. We find that a logarithmic illumination intensity dependence with temperature as a linear pre-factor of the logarithm, which is commonly reported and observed, is applicable for the bulk heterojunction. The flat heterojunction, in contrast, shows a constant illumination intensity pre-factor which is independent of the temperature, and the temperature can be modeled as additional linear summand. © 2013 Materials Research Society.