Euclid preparation. TBD. The effect of linear redshift-space distortions in photometric galaxy clustering and its cross-correlation with cosmic shear

Submitted in A&A

Authors:

Euclid Collaboration: K.Tanidis, V.F.Cardone, M.Martinelli, I.Tutusaus, S.Camera et al.

Abstract:

Cosmological surveys planned for the current decade will provide us with unparalleled observations of the distribution of galaxies on cosmic scales, by means of which we can probe the underlying large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe. This will allow us to test the concordance cosmological model and its extensions. However, precision pushes us to high levels of accuracy in the theoretical modelling of the LSS observables, in order not to introduce biases in the estimation of cosmological parameters. In particular, effects such as redshift-space distortions (RSD) can become relevant in the computation of harmonic-space power spectra even for the clustering of the photometrically selected galaxies, as it has been previously shown in literature studies. In this work, we investigate the contribution of linear RSD, as formulated in the Limber approximation by arXiv:1902.07226, in forecast cosmological analyses with the photometric galaxy sample of the Euclid survey, in order to assess their impact and quantify the bias on the measurement of cosmological parameters that neglecting such an effect would cause. We perform this task by producing mock power spectra for photometric galaxy clustering and weak lensing, as expected to be obtained from the Euclid survey. We then use a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach to obtain the posterior distributions of cosmological parameters from such simulated observations. We find that neglecting the linear RSD leads to significant biases both when using galaxy correlations alone and when these are combined with cosmic shear, in the so-called 3×2pt approach. Such biases can be as large as 5σ-equivalent when assuming an underlying ΛCDM cosmology. When extending the cosmological model to include the equation-of-state parameters of dark energy, we find that the extension parameters can be shifted by more than 1σ.

Euclid preparation: VI. Verifying the Performance of Cosmic Shear Experiments

Authors:

Euclid Collaboration, P Paykari, Td Kitching, H Hoekstra, R Azzollini, Vf Cardone, M Cropper, Caj Duncan, A Kannawadi, L Miller, H Aussel, If Conti, N Auricchio, M Baldi, S Bardelli, A Biviano, D Bonino, E Borsato, E Bozzo, E Branchini, S Brau-Nogue, M Brescia, J Brinchmann, C Burigana, S Camera, V Capobianco, C Carbone, J Carretero, Fj Castander, M Castellano, S Cavuoti, Y Charles, R Cledassou, C Colodro-Conde, G Congedo, C Conselice, L Conversi, Y Copin, J Coupon, Hm Courtois, A Da Silva, X Dupac, G Fabbian, S Farrens, Pg Ferreira, P Fosalba, N Fourmanoit, M Frailis, M Fumana, S Galeotta

Abstract:

Our aim is to quantify the impact of systematic effects on the inference of cosmological parameters from cosmic shear. We present an end-to-end approach that introduces sources of bias in a modelled weak lensing survey on a galaxy-by-galaxy level. Residual biases are propagated through a pipeline from galaxy properties (one end) through to cosmic shear power spectra and cosmological parameter estimates (the other end), to quantify how imperfect knowledge of the pipeline changes the maximum likelihood values of dark energy parameters. We quantify the impact of an imperfect correction for charge transfer inefficiency (CTI) and modelling uncertainties of the point spread function (PSF) for Euclid, and find that the biases introduced can be corrected to acceptable levels.

Head-to-Toe Measurement of El Gordo: Improved Analysis of the Galaxy Cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915 with New Wide-field Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Data

The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 923, Issue 1, id.101, 20 pp.

Authors:

Kim, Jinhyub; Jee, M. James; Hughes, John P.; Yoon, Mijin; HyeongHan, Kim; Menanteau, Felipe; Sifón, Cristóbal; Hovey, Luke; Arunachalam, Prasiddha

Abstract:

We present an improved weak-lensing (WL) study of the high-z (z = 0.87) merging galaxy cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915 ("El Gordo") based on new wide-field Hubble Space Telescope imaging data. The new imaging data cover the ~3.5 × ~3.5 Mpc region centered on the cluster and enable us to detect WL signals beyond the virial radius, which was not possible in previous studies. We confirm the binary mass structure consisting of the northwestern (NW) and southeastern (SE) subclusters and the ~2σ dissociation between the SE mass peak and the X-ray cool core. We obtain the mass estimates of the subclusters by simultaneously fitting two Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) halos without employing mass-concentration relations. The masses are MNW200c=9.9+2.1−2.2× 1014 and MSE200c=6.5+1.9−1.4× 1014 M ⊙ for the NW and SE subclusters, respectively. The mass ratio is consistent with our previous WL study but significantly different from the previous strong-lensing results. This discrepancy is attributed to the use of extrapolation in strong-lensing studies because the SE component possesses a higher concentration. By superposing the two best-fit NFW halos, we determine the total mass of El Gordo to be M200c=2.13+0.25−0.23× 1015 M ⊙, which is ~23% lower than our previous WL result [M 200c = (2.76 ± 0.51) × 1015 M ⊙]. Our updated mass is a more direct measurement, since we are not extrapolating to R 200c as in all previous studies. The new mass is compatible with the current ΛCDM cosmology.

KiDS+VIKING-450 and DES-Y1 combined: Cosmology with cosmic shear

Authors:

S Joudaki, H Hildebrandt, D Traykova, Ne Chisari, C Heymans, A Kannawadi, K Kuijken, Ah Wright, M Asgari, T Erben, H Hoekstra, B Joachimi, L Miller, T Tröster, JL van den Busch

Abstract:

We present a combined tomographic weak gravitational lensing analysis of the Kilo Degree Survey (KV450) and the Dark Energy Survey (DES-Y1). We homogenize the analysis of these two public cosmic shear datasets by adopting consistent priors and modeling of nonlinear scales, and determine new redshift distributions for DES-Y1 based on deep public spectroscopic surveys. Adopting these revised redshifts results in a $0.8 \sigma$ reduction in the DES-inferred value for $S_8$. The combined KV450 + DES-Y1 constraint on $S_8 = 0.762^{+0.025}_{-0.024}$ is in tension with the Planck 2018 constraint from the cosmic microwave background at the level of $2.5\sigma$. This result highlights the importance of developing methods to provide accurate redshift calibration for current and future weak lensing surveys.

KiDS+VIKING-450: Cosmic shear tomography with optical+infrared data

Authors:

H Hildebrandt, F Köhlinger, JLVD Busch, B Joachimi, C Heymans, A Kannawadi, AH Wright, M Asgari, C Blake, H Hoekstra, S Joudaki, K Kuijken, LANCE Miller, CB Morrison, T Tröster, A Amon, M Archidiacono, S Brieden, A Choi, JTAD Jong, T Erben, B Giblin, A Mead, JA Peacock, M Radovich, P Schneider, C Sifón, M Tewes

Abstract:

We present a tomographic cosmic shear analysis of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) combined with the VISTA Kilo-Degree Infrared Galaxy Survey (VIKING). This is the first time that a full optical to near-infrared data set has been used for a wide-field cosmological weak lensing experiment. This unprecedented data, spanning $450~$deg$^2$, allows us to improve significantly the estimation of photometric redshifts, such that we are able to include robustly higher-redshift sources for the lensing measurement, and - most importantly - solidify our knowledge of the redshift distributions of the sources. Based on a flat $\Lambda$CDM model we find $S_8\equiv\sigma_8\sqrt{\Omega_{\rm m}/0.3}=0.737_{-0.036}^{+0.040}$ in a blind analysis from cosmic shear alone. The tension between KiDS cosmic shear and the Planck-Legacy CMB measurements remains in this systematically more robust analysis, with $S_8$ differing by $2.3\sigma$. This result is insensitive to changes in the priors on nuisance parameters for intrinsic alignment, baryon feedback, and neutrino mass. KiDS shear measurements are calibrated with a new, more realistic set of image simulations and no significant B-modes are detected in the survey, indicating that systematic errors are under control. When calibrating our redshift distributions by assuming the 30-band COSMOS-2015 photometric redshifts are correct (following the Dark Energy Survey and the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey), we find the tension with Planck is alleviated. The COSMOS-2015-calibrated KiDS redshift distributions are however discrepant with the results from our extensive spectroscopic calibration sample and the distributions recovered using angular clustering measurements, which we deem more reliable. The robust determination of source redshift distributions remains one of the most challenging aspects for future cosmic shear surveys.