Particle acceleration in astrophysical jets

New Astronomy Reviews Elsevier 89 (2020) 101543

Authors:

James Matthews, Anthony Bell, Katherine Blundell

Abstract:

In this chapter, we review some features of particle acceleration in astrophysical jets. We begin by describing four observational results relating to the topic, with particular emphasis on jets in active galactic nuclei and parallels between different sources. We then discuss the ways in which particles can be accelerated to high energies in magnetised plasmas, focusing mainly on shock acceleration, second-order Fermi and magnetic reconnection; in the process, we attempt to shed some light on the basic conditions that must be met by any mechanism for the various observational constraints to be satisfied. We describe the limiting factors for the maximum particle energy and briefly discuss multimessenger signals from neutrinos and ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, before describing the journey of jet plasma from jet launch to cocoon with reference to the different acceleration mechanisms. We conclude with some general comments on the future outlook.

Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to a dark matter signal from the Galactic centre

(2020)

Authors:

The Cherenkov Telescope Array Consortium, :, A Acharyya, R Adam, C Adams, I Agudo, A Aguirre-Santaella, R Alfaro, J Alfaro, C Alispach, R Aloisio, R Alves Batista, L Amati, G Ambrosi, EO Angüner, LA Antonelli, C Aramo, A Araudo, T Armstrong, F Arqueros, K Asano, Y Ascasíbar, M Ashley, C Balazs, O Ballester, A Baquero Larriva, V Barbosa Martins, M Barkov, U Barres de Almeida, JA Barrio, D Bastieri, J Becerra, G Beck, J Becker Tjus, W Benbow, M Benito, D Berge, E Bernardini, K Bernlöhr, A Berti, B Bertucci, V Beshley, B Biasuzzi, A Biland, E Bissaldi, J Biteau, O Blanch, J Blazek, F Bocchino, C Boisson, L Bonneau Arbeletche, P Bordas, Z Bosnjak, E Bottacini, V Bozhilov, J Bregeon, A Brill, T Bringmann, AM Brown, P Brun, F Brun, P Bruno, A Bulgarelli, M Burton, A Burtovoi, M Buscemi, R Cameron, M Capasso, A Caproni, R Capuzzo-Dolcetta, P Caraveo, R Carosi, A Carosi, S Casanova, E Cascone, F Cassol, F Catalani, D Cauz, M Cerruti, P Chadwick, S Chaty, A Chen, M Chernyakova, G Chiaro, A Chiavassa, M Chikawa, J Chudoba, M Çolak, V Conforti, R Coniglione, F Conte, JL Contreras, J Coronado-Blazquez, A Costa, H Costantini, G Cotter, P Cristofari, A D'Aì, F D'Ammando, LA Damone, MK Daniel, F Dazzi, A De Angelis, V De Caprio, R de Cássia dos Anjos, EM de Gouveia Dal Pino, B De Lotto, D De Martino, E de Oña Wilhelmi, F De Palma, V de Souza, C Delgado, AG Delgado Giler, D della Volpe, D Depaoli, T Di Girolamo, F Di Pierro, L Di Venere, S Diebold, A Dmytriiev, A Domínguez, A Donini, M Doro, J Ebr, C Eckner, TDP Edwards, TRN Ekoume, D Elsässer, C Evoli, D Falceta-Goncalves, E Fedorova, S Fegan, Q Feng, G Ferrand, G Ferrara, E Fiandrini, A Fiasson, M Filipovic, V Fioretti, M Fiori, L Foffano, G Fontaine, O Fornieri, FJ Franco, S Fukami, Y Fukui, D Gaggero, G Galaz, V Gammaldi, E Garcia, M Garczarczyk, D Gascon, A Gent, A Ghalumyan, F Gianotti, M Giarrusso, G Giavitto, N Giglietto, F Giordano, A Giuliani, J Glicenstein, R Gnatyk, P Goldoni, MM González, K Gourgouliatos, J Granot, D Grasso, J Green, A Grillo, O Gueta, S Gunji, A Halim, T Hassan, M Heller, S Hernández Cadena, N Hiroshima, B Hnatyk, W Hofmann, J Holder, D Horan, J Hörandel, P Horvath, T Hovatta, M Hrabovsky, D Hrupec, G Hughes, TB Humensky, M Hütten, M Iarlori, T Inada, S Inoue, F Iocco, M Iori, M Jamrozy, P Janecek, W Jin, L Jouvin, J Jurysek, E Karukes, K Katarzyński, D Kazanas, D Kerszberg, MC Kherlakian, R Kissmann, J Knödlseder, Y Kobayashi, K Kohri, N Komin, H Kubo, J Kushida, G Lamanna, J Lapington, P Laporte, MA Leigui de Oliveira, J Lenain, F Leone, G Leto, E Lindfors, T Lohse, S Lombardi, F Longo, A Lopez, M López, R López-Coto, S Loporchio, PL Luque-Escamilla, E Mach, C Maggio, G Maier, M Mallamaci, R Malta Nunes de Almeida, D Mandat, M Manganaro, S Mangano, G Manicò, M Marculewicz, M Mariotti, S Markoff, P Marquez, J Martí, O Martinez, M Martínez, G Martínez, H Martínez-Huerta, G Maurin, D Mazin, JD Mbarubucyeye, D Medina Miranda, M Meyer, M Miceli, T Miener, M Minev, JM Miranda, R Mirzoyan, T Mizuno, B Mode, R Moderski, L Mohrmann, E Molina, T Montaruli, A Moralejo, D Morcuende-Parrilla, A Morselli, R Mukherjee, C Mundell, A Nagai, T Nakamori, R Nemmen, J Niemiec, D Nieto, M Nikołajuk, D Ninci, K Noda, D Nosek, S Nozaki, Y Ohira, M Ohishi, Y Ohtani, T Oka, A Okumura, RA Ong, M Orienti, R Orito, M Orlandini, S Orlando, E Orlando, M Ostrowski, I Oya, I Pagano, A Pagliaro, M Palatiello, FR Pantaleo, JM Paredes, G Pareschi, N Parmiggiani, B Patricelli, L Pavletić, A Pe'er, M Pecimotika, J Pérez-Romero, M Persic, O Petruk, K Pfrang, G Piano, P Piatteli, E Pietropaolo, R Pillera, B Pilszyk, F Pintore, M Pohl, V Poireau, RR Prado, E Prandini, J Prast, G Principe, H Prokoph, M Prouza, H Przybilski, G Pühlhofer, ML Pumo, F Queiroz, A Quirrenbach, S Rainò, R Rando, S Razzaque, S Recchia, O Reimer, A Reisenegger, Y Renier, W Rhode, D Ribeiro, M Ribó, T Richtler, J Rico, F Rieger, L Rinchiuso, V Rizi, J Rodriguez, G Rodriguez Fernandez, JC Rodriguez Ramirez, G Rojas, P Romano, G Romeo, J Rosado, G Rowell, B Rudak, F Russo, I Sadeh, E Sæther Hatlen, S Safi-Harb, F Salesa Greus, G Salina, D Sanchez, M Sánchez-Conde, P Sangiorgi, H Sano, M Santander, EM Santos, R Santos-Lima, A Sanuy, S Sarkar, FG Saturni, U Sawangwit, F Schussler, U Schwanke, E Sciacca, S Scuderi, M Seglar-Arroyo, O Sergijenko, M Servillat, K Seweryn, A Shalchi, P Sharma, RC Shellard, H Siejkowski, J Silk, C Siqueira, V Sliusar, A Słowikowska, A Sokolenko, H Sol, S Spencer, A Stamerra, S Stanič, R Starling, T Stolarczyk, U Straumann, J Strišković, Y Suda, T Suomijarvi, P Świerk, F Tavecchio, L Taylor, LA Tejedor, M Teshima, V Testa, L Tibaldo, CJ Todero Peixoto, F Tokanai, D Tonev, G Tosti, L Tosti, N Tothill, S Truzzi, P Travnicek, V Vagelli, B Vallage, P Vallania, C van Eldik, J Vandenbroucke, GS Varner, V Vassiliev, M Vázquez Acosta, M Vecchi, S Ventura, S Vercellone, S Vergani, G Verna, A Viana, CF Vigorito, J Vink, V Vitale, S Vorobiov, I Vovk, T Vuillaume, SJ Wagner, R Walter, J Watson, C Weniger, R White, M White, R Wiemann, A Wierzcholska, M Will, DA Williams, R Wischnewski, S Yanagita, L Yang, T Yoshikoshi, M Zacharias, G Zaharijas, AA Zakaria, L Zampieri, R Zanin, D Zaric, M Zavrtanik, D Zavrtanik, AA Zdziarski, A Zech, H Zechlin, VI Zhdanov, M Živec

Discovery of optical outflows and inflows in the black hole candidate GRS 1716-249

(2020)

Authors:

VA Cúneo, T Muñoz-Darias, J Sánchez-Sierras, F Jiménez-Ibarra, M Armas Padilla, DAH Buckley, J Casares, P Charles, JM Corral-Santana, R Fender, JA Fernández-Ontiveros, D Mata Sánchez, G Panizo-Espinar, G Ponti, MAP Torres

The Galactic population and properties of young, highly-energetic pulsars

(2020)

Authors:

Simon Johnston, DA Smith, A Karastergiou, M Kramer

The MeerKAT telescope as a pulsar facility: System verification and early science results from MeerTime

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA Cambridge University Press (CUP) 37 (2020) ARTN e028

Authors:

M Bailes, A Jameson, F Abbate, Ed Barr, Ndr Bhat, L Bondonneau, M Burgay, Sj Buchner, F Camilo, Dj Champion, I Cognard, Pb Demorest, Pcc Freire, T Gautam, M Geyer, J-M Griessmeier, L Guillemot, H Hu, F Jankowski, S Johnston, A Karastergiou, R Karuppusamy, D Kaur, Mj Keith, M Kramer, J van Leeuwen, Me Lower, Y Maan, Ma McLaughlin, Bw Meyers, S Oslowski, Ls Oswald, A Parthasarathy, T Pennucci, B Posselt, A Possenti, Sm Ransom, Dj Reardon, A Ridolfi, Ctg Schollar, M Serylak, G Shaifullah, M Shamohammadi, Rm Shannon, C Sobey, X Song, R Spiewak, Ih Stairs, Bw Stappers, W van Straten

Abstract:

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We describe system verification tests and early science results from the pulsar processor (PTUSE) developed for the newly commissioned 64-dish SARAO MeerKAT radio telescope in South Africa. MeerKAT is a high-gain (<jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" mimetype="image" xlink:href="S1323358020000193_inline1.png" /> <jats:tex-math> ${\sim}2.8\,\mbox{K Jy}^{-1}$ </jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>) low-system temperature (<jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" mimetype="image" xlink:href="S1323358020000193_inline2.png" /> <jats:tex-math> ${\sim}18\,\mbox{K at }20\,\mbox{cm}$ </jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>) radio array that currently operates at 580–1 670 MHz and can produce tied-array beams suitable for pulsar observations. This paper presents results from the MeerTime Large Survey Project and commissioning tests with PTUSE. Highlights include observations of the double pulsar <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" mimetype="image" xlink:href="S1323358020000193_inline3.png" /> <jats:tex-math> $\mbox{J}0737{-}3039\mbox{A}$ </jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>, pulse profiles from 34 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) from a single 2.5-h observation of the Globular cluster Terzan 5, the rotation measure of Ter5O, a 420-sigma giant pulse from the Large Magellanic Cloud pulsar PSR <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" mimetype="image" xlink:href="S1323358020000193_inline4.png" /> <jats:tex-math> $\mbox{J}0540{-}6919$ </jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>, and nulling identified in the slow pulsar PSR J0633–2015. One of the key design specifications for MeerKAT was absolute timing errors of less than 5 ns using their novel precise time system. Our timing of two bright MSPs confirm that MeerKAT delivers exceptional timing. PSR <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" mimetype="image" xlink:href="S1323358020000193_inline5.png" /> <jats:tex-math> $\mbox{J}2241{-}5236$ </jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> exhibits a jitter limit of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" mimetype="image" xlink:href="S1323358020000193_inline6.png" /> <jats:tex-math> $&lt;4\,\mbox{ns h}^{-1}$ </jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> whilst timing of PSR <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" mimetype="image" xlink:href="S1323358020000193_inline7.png" /> <jats:tex-math> $\mbox{J}1909{-}3744$ </jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> over almost 11 months yields an rms residual of 66 ns with only 4 min integrations. Our results confirm that the MeerKAT is an exceptional pulsar telescope. The array can be split into four separate sub-arrays to time over 1 000 pulsars per day and the future deployment of S-band (1 750–3 500 MHz) receivers will further enhance its capabilities.</jats:p>