Global Jet Watch

Abstract:

We have used narrow emission line data from the new 7C Redshift Survey to investigate correlations between the narrow-line luminosities and the radio properties of radio galaxies and steep-spectrum quasars. The 7C Redshift Survey is a low-frequency (151 MHz) selected sample with a flux-density limit about 25-times fainter than the 3CRR sample. By combining these samples, we can for the first time distinguish whether the correlations present are controlled by 151 MHz radio luminosity L_151 or redshift z. We find unequivocal evidence that the dominant effect is a strong positive correlation between narrow line luminosity L_NLR and L_151, of the form L_NLR proportional to L_151 ^ 0.79 +/- 0.04. Correlations of L_NLR with redshift or radio properties, such as linear size or 151 MHz (rest-frame) spectral index, are either much weaker or absent. We use simple assumptions to estimate the total bulk kinetic power Q of the jets in FRII radio sources, and confirm the underlying proportionality between jet power and narrow line luminosity first discussed by Rawlings & Saunders (1991). We make the assumption that the main energy input to the narrow line region is photoionisation by the quasar accretion disc, and relate Q to the disc luminosity, Q_phot. We find that 0.05 < Q / Q_phot < 1 so that the jet power is within about an order of magnitude of the accretion disc luminosity. The most powerful radio sources are accreting at rates close to the Eddington limit of supermassive black holes (~ 10^9 - 10^10 solar masses), whilst lower power sources are accreting at sub-Eddington rates.

Abstract:

Radio galaxies can be seen out to very high redshifts, where in principle they can serve as probes of the early evolution of the Universe. Here we show that for any model of radio-galaxy evolution in which the luminosity decreases with time after an initial rapid increase (that is, essentially all reasonable models), all observable high-redshift radio-galaxies must be seen when the lobes are less than 10^7 years old. This means that high-redshift radio galaxies can be used as a high-time-resolution probe of evolution in the early Universe. Moreover, this result helps to explain many observed trends of radio-galaxy properties with redshift [(i) the `alignment effect' of optical emission along radio-jet axes, (ii) the increased distortion in radio structure, (iii) the decrease in physical sizes, (iv) the increase in radio depolarisation, and (v) the increase in dust emission] without needing to invoke explanations based on cosmology or strong evolution of the surrounding intergalactic medium with cosmic time, thereby avoiding conflict with current theories of structure formation.