MeerKAT

Abstract:

We present the data analysis pipeline, commissioning observations, and initial results from the GREENBURST fast radio burst (FRB) detection system on the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) previously described by Surnis et al., which uses the 21-cm receiver observing commensally with other projects. The pipeline makes use of a state-of-the-art deep learning classifier to winnow down the very large number of false-positive single-pulse candidates that mostly result from radio frequency interference. In our observations, totalling 156.5 d so far, we have detected individual pulses from 20 known radio pulsars that provide an excellent verification of the system performance. We also demonstrate, through blind injection analyses, that our pipeline is complete down to a signal-to-noise threshold of 12. Depending on the observing mode, this translates into peak flux sensitivities in the range 0.14–0.89 Jy. Although no FRBs have been detected to date, we have used our results to update the analysis of Lawrence et al. to constrain the FRB all-sky rate to be 1150+200−180 per day above a peak flux density of 1 Jy. We also constrain the source count index α = 0.84 ± 0.06, which indicates that the source count distribution is substantially flatter than expected from a Euclidean distribution of standard candles (where α = 1.5). We discuss this result in the context of the FRB redshift and luminosity distributions. Finally, we make predictions for detection rates with GREENBURST, as well as other ongoing and planned FRB experiments.

Abstract:

Galaxy clusters have long been theorized to quench the star formation of their members. This study uses integral-field unit observations from the K-band MultiObject Spectrograph (KMOS) – Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) survey (K-CLASH) to search for evidence of quenching in massive galaxy clusters at redshifts 0.3 < z < 0.6. We first construct mass-matched samples of exclusively star-forming cluster and field galaxies, then investigate the spatial extent of their H α emission and study their interstellar medium conditions using emission line ratios. The average ratio of H α half-light radius to optical half-light radius ($r_{\mathrm{e}, {\rm {H}\,\alpha }}/r_{\mathrm{e}, R_{\mathrm{c} } }$) for all galaxies is 1.14 ± 0.06, showing that star formation is taking place throughout stellar discs at these redshifts. However, on average, cluster galaxies have a smaller $r_{\mathrm{e}, {\rm {H}\alpha }}/r_{\mathrm{e}, R_{\mathrm{c} } }$ ratio than field galaxies: 〈$r_{\mathrm{e}, {\rm {H}\alpha }}/r_{\mathrm{e}, R_{\mathrm{c} } }$〉 = 0.96 ± 0.09 compared to 1.22 ± 0.08 (smaller at a 98 per cent credibility level). These values are uncorrected for the wavelength difference between H α emission and Rc-band stellar light but implementing such a correction only reinforces our results. We also show that whilst the cluster and field samples follow indistinguishable mass–metallicity (MZ) relations, the residuals around the MZ relation of cluster members correlate with cluster-centric distance; galaxies residing closer to the cluster centre tend to have enhanced metallicities (significant at the 2.6σ level). Finally, in contrast to previous studies, we find no significant differences in electron number density between the cluster and field galaxies. We use simple chemical evolution models to conclude that the effects of disc strangulation and ram-pressure stripping can quantitatively explain our observations.

Abstract:

Modern radio telescopes are routinely reaching depths where normal star-forming galaxies are the dominant observed population. Realizing the potential of radio as a tracer of star formation and black hole activity over cosmic time involves achieving such depths over representative volumes, with radio forming part of a larger multiwavelength campaign. In pursuit of this, we used the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to image ∼5 deg2 of the VIDEO/XMM-LSS extragalactic deep field at 1–2 GHz. We achieve a median depth of 16 µJy beam−1 with an angular resolution of 4.5 arcsec. Comparisons with existing radio observations of XMM-LSS showcase the improved survey speed of the upgraded VLA: we cover 2.5 times the area and increase the depth by ∼20 per cent in 40 per cent of the time. Direction-dependent calibration and wide-field imaging were required to suppress the error patterns from off-axis sources of even modest brightness. We derive a catalogue containing 5762 sources from the final mosaic. Sub-band imaging provides in-band spectral indices for 3458 (60 per cent) sources, with the average spectrum becoming flatter than the canonical synchrotron slope below 1 mJy. Positional and flux density accuracy of the observations, and the differential source counts are in excellent agreement with those of existing measurements. A public release of the images and catalogue accompanies this article.