INSPIRE: INvestigating Stellar Populations In RElics – IX. KiDS J0842 + 0059: the first fully confirmed relic beyond the local Universe

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Oxford University Press 540:3 (2025) 2555-2565

Authors:

C Tortora, G Tozzi, G Agapito, F La Barbera, C Spiniello, R Li, G Carlà, G D’Ago, E Ghose, F Mannucci, NR Napolitano, E Pinna, M Arnaboldi, D Bevacqua, A Ferré-Mateu, A Gallazzi, J Hartke, LK Hunt, M Maksymowicz-Maciata, C Pulsoni, P Saracco, D Scognamiglio, M Spavone

Abstract:

Relics are massive, compact and quiescent galaxies that assembled the majority of their stars in the early Universe and lived untouched until today, completely missing any subsequent size growth caused by mergers and interactions. They provide the unique opportunity to put constraints on the first phase of mass assembly in the Universe with the ease of being nearby. While only a few relics have been found in the local Universe, the INSPIRE project has confirmed 38 relics at higher redshifts (), fully characterizing their integrated kinematics and stellar populations. However, given the very small sizes of these objects and the limitations imposed by the atmosphere, structural parameters inferred from ground-based optical imaging are possibly affected by systematic effects that are difficult to quantify. In this paper, we present the first high-resolution image obtained with Adaptive Optics Ks-band observations on SOUL-LUCI@LBT of one of the most extreme INSPIRE relics, KiDS J0842 + 0059 at . We confirm the discy morphology of this galaxy (axis ratio of 0.24) and its compact nature (circularized effective radius of kpc) by modelling its 2D surface brightness profile with a point-spread function-convolved Sérsic model. We demonstrate that the surface mass density profile of KiDS J0842 + 0059 closely resembles that of the most extreme local relic, NGC 1277, as well as of high-redshift red nuggets. We unambiguously conclude that this object is a remnant of a high-redshift compact and massive galaxy, which assembled all of its mass at , and completely missed the merger phase of the galaxy evolution at high redshift.

Colloquium: The Cosmic Dipole Anomaly

(2025)

Authors:

Nathan Secrest, Sebastian von Hausegger, Mohamed Rameez, Roya Mohayaee, Subir Sarkar

Gone with the Wind: JWST-MIRI Unveils a Strong Outflow from the Quiescent Stellar-Mass Black Hole A0620-00

(2025)

Authors:

Zihao Zuo, Gabriele Cugno, Joseph Michail, Elena Gallo, David M Russell, Richard M Plotkin, Fan Zou, M Cristina Baglio, Piergiorgio Casella, Fraser J Cowie, Rob Fender, Poshak Gandhi, Sera Markoff, Federico Vincentelli, Fraser Lewis, Jon M Miller, James CA Miller-Jones, Alexandra Veledina

Search for tt¯H/A→tt¯tt¯ production in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

European Physical Journal C Springer Nature 85:5 (2025) 573

Authors:

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Relativistic ejecta from stellar mass black holes: insights from simulations and synthetic radio images

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Oxford University Press 540:1 (2025) 1084-1106

Authors:

Katie Savard, James H Matthews, Rob Fender, Ian Heywood

Abstract:

We present numerical simulations of discrete relativistic ejecta from an X-ray binary (XRB) with initial conditions directly informed by observations. XRBs have been observed to launch powerful discrete plasma ejecta during state transitions, which can propagate up to parsec distances. Understanding these ejection events unveils new understanding of jet-launching, jet power, and jet–interstellar medium (ISM) interaction among other implications. Multifrequency quasi-simultaneous radio observations of ejecta from the black hole XRB MAXI J1820+070 produced both size and calorimetry constraints, which we use as initial conditions of a relativistic hydrodynamic simulation. We qualitatively reproduce the observed deceleration of the ejecta in a homogeneous ISM. Our simulations demonstrate that the ejecta must be denser than the ISM, the ISM be significantly low density, and the launch be extremely powerful, in order to propagate to the observed distances. The blob propagates and clears out a high-pressure low-density cavity in its wake, providing an explanation for this pre-existing low-density environment, as well as ‘bubble-like’ environments in the vicinity of XRBs inferred from other studies. As the blob decelerates, we observe the onset of instabilities and a long-lived reverse shock – these mechanisms convert kinetic to internal energy in the blob, responsible for in situ particle acceleration. We transform the outputs of our simulation into pseudo-radio images, incorporating the coverage of the MeerKAT and e-MERLIN telescopes from the original observations with real-sky background. Through this, we maximize the interpretability of the results and provide direct comparison to current data, as well as provide prediction capabilities.