Andrea Cavalleri

Abstract:

Recently it has been shown that near-threshold ablation of absorbing solids with femto- and picosecond pulses, exhibits a material-independent behavior, which is characterized by a distinct transient interference phenomenon in the nanosecond time range. This presents a combined experimental and theoretical study of ultrashort laser pulse ablation of graphite, emphasizing how the observed universal ablation behavior is influenced by the specific properties of the irradiated material.

Abstract:

Many fundamental processes in physics, such as heat transport and phase transitions in solids involve movement of the constituent atoms. Such changes cannot be directly measured with visible light and occur transiently on time-scales comparable with the natural oscillation periods of atoms (femtoseconds to picoseconds). This paper presents experiments on crystalline semiconductors irradiated with short visible pulses in two fluence regimes.

Abstract:

Damping of impulsively generated coherent acoustic oscillations in a femtosecond laser-heated thin germanium film is measured as a function of fluence by means of ultrafast x-ray diffraction. By simultaneously measuring picosecond strain dynamics in the film and in the unexcited silicon substrate, we separate anharmonic damping from acoustic transmission through the buried interface. The measured damping rate and its dependence on the calculated temperature of the thermal bath is consistent with estimated four-body, elastic dephasing times (T2) for 7-GHz longitudinal acoustic phonons in germanium.

Abstract:

To deal with the weakness of traditional delay test techniques, based on the path delay fault model, a new delay test approach including a new delay test output observation method and an adaptive path selection method is proposed in this work. The basic idea of the approach is to measure the signal transition time for each delay test, and more paths are selected for a second stage test (if necessary) to ensure the timing behavior of the circuit under test. Experimental results obtained by computer simulation demonstrate that a more thorough test is really a need if many significantly late signal transitions are observed.

Abstract:

The dynamics of fs-laser ablation of graphite has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. Molecular dynamics caculations, incorporating changes of the interatomic potentials due to electronic excitation, support the experimental observation of two different ablation mechanisms.