Interference in Complex Canonical Variables Is Not Quantum
Quantum Reports MDPI 7:3 (2025) 40
Abstract:
We formally represent the quantum interference of a single qubit embodied by a photon in the Mach–Zehnder interferometer using the classical Hamiltonian framework but with complex canonical variables. Although all operations on a single qubit can be formally expressed using complex classical Hamiltonian dynamics, we show that the resulting system is still not a proper qubit. The reason for this is that it is not capable of getting entangled to another bona fide qubit and hence it does not have the information-processing capacity of a fully-fledged quantum system. This simple example powerfully illustrates the difficulties faced by hybrid quantum–classical models in accounting for the full range of behaviour of quantum systems.A Spin-Based Pathway to Testing the Quantum Nature of Gravity
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