Galaxy formation and evolution

Abstract:

We use new mid-infrared (mid-IR) photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope to study the relations between low-frequency radio luminosity density, mid-IR (12μm rest frame) luminosity and optical emission-line ([Oii]) luminosity L]Oii], for a complete sample of z∼ 1 radio galaxies from the 3CRR, 6CE, 6C*, 7CRS and TOOT00 surveys. The narrow redshift span of our sample (0.9 < z < 1.1) means that it is unbiased to evolutionary effects. We find evidence that these three quantities are positively correlated. The scaling between and L[Oii] is similar to that seen in other active galactic nuclei samples, consistent with both and L[Oii] tracing accretion rate. We show that the positive correlation between and implies that there is a genuine lack of objects with low values of at high values of Given that traces accretion rate, while traces jet power, this can be understood in terms of a minimum accretion rate being necessary to produce a given jet power. This implies that there is a maximum efficiency with which accreted energy can be chanelled into jet power and this efficiency is of the order of unity. © 2010 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2010 RAS.

Abstract:

We describe the current status of the HARMONI instrument design, which will form the basis for the first-light integral field spectrograph on the European Extremely Large Telescope. We review the phase A design, and highlight current on-going work to evolve the design in-line changing telescope requirements and lessons learned during the Phase A work. We also outline the key science drivers for the instrument, and describe briefly the requirements for the laser tomographic adaptive optics system which is expected to feed HARMONI.

Abstract:

ATLAS is a generic Laser Tomographic AO (LTAO) system for the E-ELT. Based on modular, relatively simple, and yet innovative concepts, it aims at providing diffraction-limited images in the near infra-red for a close to 100 percent sky coverage.

Abstract:

We present Herschel-Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) and radio follow-up observations of two Herschel-Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS)-detected strongly lensed distant galaxies. In one of the targeted galaxies H-ATLAS J090311.6+003906 (SDP.81), we detect [Oiii]88μm and [Cii]158μm lines at a signal-to-noise ratio of ~5. We do not have any positive line identification in the other fainter target H-ATLAS J091305.0-005343 (SDP.130). Currently, SDP.81 is the faintest submillimetre galaxy with positive line detections with the FTS, with continuum flux just below 200mJy in the 200-600μm wavelength range. The derived redshift of SDP.81 from the two detections isz= 3.043 ± 0.012, in agreement with ground-based CO measurements. This is the first detection byHerschelof the [Oiii]88μm line in a galaxy at redshift higher than 0.05. Comparing the observed lines and line ratios with a grid of photodissociation region (PDR) models with different physical conditions, we derive the PDR cloud densityn≈ 2000cm-3 and the far-ultraviolet ionizing radiation fieldG0≈ 200 (in units of the Habing field - the local Galactic interstellar radiation field of 1.6 × 10-6 W m-2). Using the CO-derived molecular mass and the PDR properties, we estimate the effective radius of the emitting region to be 500-700pc. These characteristics are typical for star-forming, high-redshift galaxies. The radio observations indicate that SDP.81 deviates significantly from the local far-infrared/radio (FIR/radio) correlation, which hints that some fraction of the radio emission is coming from an active galactic nucleus (AGN). The constraints on the source size from millimetre-wave observations put a very conservative upper limit of the possible AGN contribution to less than 33 per cent. These indications, together with the high [Oiii]/FIR ratio and the upper limit of [Oi]63μm/[Cii]158μm, suggest that some fraction of the ionizing radiation is likely to originate from the AGN. © 2011 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2011 RAS.

Abstract:

We present a search for galaxies at 7.6 < z < 9.8 using the latest Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) near-infrared data, based on the Lyman-break technique. We search for galaxies which have large (Y-J) colours (the 'Y-drops') on account of the Lyman α forest absorption, and with (J-H) colours inconsistent with being low-redshift contaminants. We identify 24 candidates at redshift z≈ 8-9 (15 are robust and a further nine more marginal but consistent with being high redshift) over an area of ≈50arcmin2. Previous searches for Y-drops with WFC3 have focused only on the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, and our larger survey (involving two other nearby deep fields and a wider area survey) has trebled the number of robust Y-drop candidates. For the first time, we have sufficient z≈ 8-9 galaxies to fit both φ* and M* of the UV Schechter luminosity function. There is evidence for evolution in this luminosity function from z= 6-7 to z= 8-9, in the sense that there are fewer UV-bright galaxies at z≈ 8-9, consistent with an evolution mainly in M*. The candidate z≈ 8-9 galaxies we detect have insufficient ionizing flux to reionize the Universe, and it is probable that galaxies below our detection limit provide a significant UV contribution. The faint-end slope, α, is not well constrained. However, adopting a similar faint-end slope to that determined at z= 3-6 (α=-1.7) and a Salpeter initial mass function (IMF), then the ionizing photon budget still falls short if fesc < 0.5, even integrating down to MUV=-8. A steeper faint-end slope or a low-metallicity population (or a top-heavy IMF) might still provide sufficient photons for star-forming galaxies to reionize the Universe, but confirmation of this might have to await the James Webb Space Telescope. © 2011 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2011 RAS.