Particle theory

Abstract:

The standard cosmological model ΛCDM is described by the Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric, which requires that the universe be isotropic and homogeneous on large scales, an assumption called the Cosmological Principle. If this assumption is accurate, then the dipole anisotropy observed in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) corresponds to our motion with respect to large-scale structure at approximately 370 km s^-1, which can be tested by measuring the corresponding dipole predicted in counts of cosmologically distant sources. This consistency test, first proposed in 1984 by Ellis & Baldwin, became possible in the twenty-first century with the advent of large catalogues of radio sources and quasars. Subsequent Ellis-Baldwin tests have consistently shown an anomalously large dipole, two to three times larger than predicted by the kinematic interpretation of the CMB dipole, which has recently reached a statistical significance of over [Formula: see text]. In these proceedings, I review the Ellis-Baldwin test, the key results that revealed this anomaly, and comment on the status of research on this problem, which threatens a foundational assumption underpinning FLRW-based cosmologies such as ΛCDM.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Challenging the standard cosmological model'.

Abstract:

We study a set of large-N tensor field theories with a rich structure of fixed points, encompassing both the melonic and prismatic CFTs observed previously in the conformal limits of other tensor theories and in the generalised Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. The tensor fields interact via an O(N) 3 -invariant generalisation of the quartic Yukawa model, ϕ 2ψψ¯ +ϕ 6 . To understand the structure of IR/UV fixed points, we perform a partial four-loop perturbative analysis in D = 3 − ϵ. We identify the flows between the melonic and prismatic fixed points in the bosonic and fermionic sectors, finding an apparent line of fixed points in both. We reproduce these fixed points non-perturbatively using the Schwinger-Dyson equations, and in addition identify the supersymmetric fixed points in general dimension. Selecting a particular fermionic fixed point, we study its conformal spectrum non-perturbatively, comparing it to the sextic prismatic model. In particular, we establish the dimensional windows in which this theory remains stable. We comment on the structure of large-N melonic CFTs across various dimensions, noting a number of features which we expect to be common to any such theory.