Prof Subir Sarkar

Abstract:

Discrete symmetries are commonplace in field theoretical models but pose a severe problem for cosmology since they lead to the formation of domain walls during spontaneous symmetry breaking in the early universe. However if one of the vacuua is favoured over the others, either energetically, or because of initial conditions, it will eventually come to dominate the universe. Using numerical methods, we study the evolution of the domain wall network for a variety of field configurations in two and three dimensions and quantify the rate at which the walls disappear. Good agreement is found with a recent analytic estimate of the termination of the scaling regime of the wall network.

Abstract:

We constrain proposed phenomenological models for a vacuum energy which decays with the expansion of the universe from considerations of standard big bang nucleosynthesis. Several such models which attempt to solve the cosmological age problem are disfavored or even ruled out.