Oxidative passivation of metal halide perovskites
Joule Cell Press 3:11 (2019) 2716-2731
Abstract:
Metal halide perovskites have demonstrated extraordinary potential as materials for next-generation optoelectronics including photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes. Nevertheless, our understanding of this material is still far from complete. One remaining puzzle is the phenomenon of perovskite “photo-brightening”: the increase in photoluminescence during exposure to light in an ambient atmosphere. Here, we propose a comprehensive mechanism for the reactivity of the archetypal perovskite, MAPbI3, in ambient conditions. We establish the formation of lead-oxygen bonds by hydrogen peroxide as the key factor leading to perovskite photo-brightening. We demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide can be applied directly as an effective “post-treatment” to emulate the process and substantially improve photoluminescence quantum efficiencies. Finally, we show that the treatment can be incorporated into photovoltaic devices to give a 50 mV increase in open-circuit voltage, delivering high 19.2% steady-state power conversion efficiencies for inverted perovskite solar cells of the mixed halide, mixed cation perovskite FA0.83Cs0.17Pb(I0.9Br0.1)3.Interfacial charge-transfer doping of metal halide perovskites for high performance photovoltaics
Energy and Environmental Science Royal Society of Chemistry (2019)
Abstract:
We demonstrate a method for controlled p-doping of the halide perovskite surface using molecular dopants, resulting in reduced non-radiative recombination losses and improved device performance.
Facile Synthesis of Stable and Highly Luminescent Methylammonium Lead Halide Nanocrystals for Efficient Light Emitting Devices.
Journal of the American Chemical Society (2019)
Abstract:
Metal halide perovskites are promising candidates for use in light emitting diodes (LEDs), due to their potential for colour tuneable and high luminescence efficiency. While recent advances in perovskite-based light emitting diodes have resulted in external quantum efficiencies exceeding 12.4 % for the green emitters, and infrared emitters based on 3D/2D mixed dimensional perovskites have exceeded 20%, the external quantum efficiencies of the red and blue emitters still lag behind. A critical issue to date is creating highly emissive and stable perovskite emitters with the desirable emission band gap to achieve full-colour displays and white LEDs. Herein, we report the preparation and characterization of a highly luminescent and stable suspension of cubic-shaped methylammonium lead triiodide CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite nanocrystals, where we synthesise the nanocrystals via a ligand-assisted re-precipitation technique, using an acetonitrile/methylamine compound solvent system to solvate the ions, and toluene as the anti-solvent to induce crystallisation. Through tuning the ratio of the ligands, the ligand to toluene ratio, and the temperature of the toluene, we obtain a solution of CH3NH3PbI3 nanocrystals with a photoluminescence quantum yield exceeding 93%, and tuneable emission between 660 nm and 705 nm. We also achieved red emission at 635 nm by blending the nanocrystals with bromide salt and obtained perovskite-based light emitting diodes with maximum electroluminescent external quantum efficiency of 2.75%.Elucidating the long-range charge carrier mobility in metal halide perovskite thin films
Energy and Environmental Science Royal Society of Chemistry 12:1 (2018) 169-176
Abstract:
Many optoelectronic properties have been reported for lead halide perovskite polycrystalline films. However, ambiguities in the evaluation of these properties remain, especially for long-range lateral charge transport, where ionic conduction can complicate interpretation of data. Here we demonstrate a new technique to measure the long-range charge carrier mobility in such materials. We combine quasi-steady-state photo-conductivity measurements (electrical probe) with photo-induced transmission and reflection measurements (optical probe) to simultaneously evaluate the conductivity and charge carrier density. With this knowledge we determine the lateral mobility to be ∼2 cm2 V−1 s−1 for CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) polycrystalline perovskite films prepared from the acetonitrile/methylamine solvent system. Furthermore, we present significant differences in long-range charge carrier mobilities, from 2.2 to 0.2 cm2 V−1 s−1, between films of contemporary perovskite compositions prepared via different fabrication processes, including solution and vapour phase deposition techniques. Arguably, our work provides the first accurate evaluation of the long-range lateral charge carrier mobility in lead halide perovskite films, with charge carrier density in the range typically achieved under photovoltaic operation.High irradiance performance of metal halide perovskites for concentrator photovoltaics
Nature Energy Nature Publishing Group 3 (2018) 855-861