Extremely Large Telescope

Abstract:

Empirical correlations between the masses of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and properties of their host galaxies are well-established. Among these is the correlation with the flat rotation velocity of each galaxy measured either at a large radius in its rotation curve or via a spatially-integrated emission line width. We propose here the use of the de-projected integrated CO emission line width as an alternative tracer of this rotation velocity, that has already been shown useful for the Tully-Fisher (luminosity-rotation velocity) relation. We investigate the correlation between CO line widths and SMBH masses for two samples of galaxies with dynamical SMBH mass measurements, with respectively spatially-resolved and unresolved CO observations. The tightest correlation is found using the resolved sample of 25 galaxies as log (MBH/M⊙) = (7.5 ± 0.1) + (8.5 ± 0.9)[log (W50/sin i km s−1) − 2.7], where MBH is the central SMBH mass, W50 the full-width at half-maximum of a double-horned emission line profile, and i the inclination of the CO disc. This relation has a total scatter of 0.6 dex, comparable to those of other SMBH mass correlations, and dominated by the intrinsic scatter of 0.5 dex. A tight correlation is also found between the de-projected CO line widths and the stellar velocity dispersions averaged within one effective radius. We apply our correlation to the COLD GASS sample to estimate the local SMBH mass function.