Galaxy formation and evolution

Abstract:

We have obtained high-resolution UV images with the Hubble Space Telescope/Wide-Field Planetary Camera 2 of the central region of the dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 205. Our images reveal that many of the hot UV stars previously detected and studied from the ground are actually multiple systems, open clusters, and star associations. We have performed photometry of two such clusters, and we find that our data are consistent with stellar ages of 50 and 100 Myr, respectively. From the number of massive stars in NGC 205, we estimate that the star formation episode in this galaxy has turned ∼1000 M⊙ of gas into stars over the last 100 Myr.

Abstract:

We report first results from the Streaming Motions of Abell Clusters (SMAC) project, an all-sky Fundamental Plane survey of 699 early-type galaxies in 56 clusters between ∼3000 and ∼14,000 km s-1. For this sample, with a median distance of ∼8000 km s-1, we find a bulk flow of amplitude 630 ± 200 km s-1 toward l = 260 ± 15°, b = -1 ± 12° with respect to the cosmic microwave background. The flow is robust against the effects of individual clusters and data subsets, the choice of Galactic extinction maps, Malmquist bias, and stellar population effects. The direction of the SMAC flow is ∼90° away from the flow found by Lauer & Postman, but it is in good agreement with the gravity dipole predicted from the distribution of X-ray-luminous clusters. Our detection of a high-amplitude coherent flow on such a large scale argues for excess mass density fluctuation power at wavelengths λ ≳ 60 h-1 Mpc, relative to the predictions of currently popular cosmological models.