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The MIGDAL experiment: Measuring a rare atomic process to aid the search for dark matter

Astroparticle Physics Elsevier 151 (2023) 102853

Authors:

HM Araújo, SN Balashov, JE Borg, FM Brunbauer, C Cazzaniga, CD Frost, F Garcia, AC Kaboth, M Kastriotou, I Katsioulas, A Khazov, H Kraus, VA Kudryavtsev, S Lilley, A Lindote, D Loomba, MI Lopes, E Lopez Asamar, P Luna Dapica, PA Majewski, T Marley, C McCabe, AF Mills, M Nakhostin, T Neep, F Neves, K Nikolopoulos, E Oliveri, L Ropelewski, E Tilly, VN Solovov, TJ Sumner, J Tarrant, R Turnley, MGD van der Grinten, R Veenhof
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Contrasting charge-carrier dynamics across key metal-halide perovskite compositions through in situ simultaneous probes

Advanced Functional Materials Wiley 33:51 (2023) 2305283

Authors:

Am Ulatowski, Ka Elmestekawy, Jb Patel, Nk Noel, S Yan, H Kraus, Pg Huggard, Mb Johnston, Laura Herz

Abstract:

Metal-halide perovskites have proven to be a versatile group of semiconductors for optoelectronic applications, with ease of bandgap tuning and stability improvements enabled by halide and cation mixing. However, such compositional variations can be accompanied by significant changes in their charge-carrier transport and recombination regimes that are still not fully understood. Here, a novel combinatorial technique is presented to disentangle such dynamic processes over a wide range of temperatures, based on transient free-space, high-frequency microwave conductivity and photoluminescence measurements conducted simultaneously in situ. Such measurements are used to reveal and contrast the dominant charge-carrier recombination pathways for a range of key compositions: prototypical methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (MAPbI3), the stable mixed formamidinium-caesium lead-halide perovskite FA0.83Cs0.17PbBr0.6I2.4 targeted for photovoltaic tandems with silicon, and fully inorganic wide-bandgap CsPbBr3 aimed toward light sources and X-ray detector applications. The changes in charge-carrier dynamics in FA0.83Cs0.17PbBr0.6I2.4 across temperatures are shown to be dominated by radiative processes, while those in MAPbI3 are governed by energetic disorder at low temperatures, low-bandgap minority-phase inclusions around the phase transition, and non-radiative processes at room temperature. In contrast, CsPbBr3 exhibits significant charge-carrier trapping at low and high temperatures, highlighting the need for improvement of material processing techniques for wide-bandgap perovskites.
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Electron transport measurements in liquid xenon with Xenoscope, a large-scale DARWIN demonstrator

The European Physical Journal C SpringerOpen 83:8 (2023) 717

Authors:

L Baudis, Y Biondi, A Bismark, AP Cimental Chávez, JJ Cuenca-García, J Franchi, M Galloway, F Girard, R Peres, D Ramírez García, P Sanchez-Lucas, K Thieme, C Wittweg

Abstract:

The DARWIN/XLZD experiment is a next-generation dark matter detector with a multi-ten-ton liquid xenon time projection chamber at its core. Its principal goal will be to explore the experimentally accessible parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) in a wide mass-range, until interactions of astrophysical neutrinos will become an irreducible background. The prompt scintillation light and the charge signals induced by particle interactions in the liquid xenon target will be observed by VUV-sensitive, ultra-low background photosensors. Besides its excellent sensitivity to WIMPs with masses above $\sim$5\,GeV, such a detector with its large mass, low-energy threshold and ultra-low background level will also be sensitive to other rare interactions, and in particular also to bosonic dark matter candidates with masses at the keV-scale. We present the detector concept, discuss the main sources of backgrounds, the technological challenges and some of the ongoing detector design and R&D efforts, as well as the large-scale demonstrators. We end by discussing the sensitivity to particle dark matter interactions.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures. Accepted to appear in Nuc. Phys. B special issue "Nobel Symposium on Dark Matter" (NS 182
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A search for new physics in low-energy electron recoils from the first LZ exposure

(2023)

Authors:

The LZ Collaboration, J Aalbers, DS Akerib, AK Al Musalhi, F Alder, CS Amarasinghe, A Ames, TJ Anderson, N Angelides, HM Araújo, JE Armstrong, M Arthurs, A Baker, S Balashov, J Bang, JW Bargemann, A Baxter, K Beattie, P Beltrame, T Benson, A Bhatti, A Biekert, TP Biesiadzinski, HJ Birch, GM Blockinger, B Boxer, CAJ Brew, P Brás, S Burdin, M Buuck, MC Carmona-Benitez, C Chan, A Chawla, H Chen, JJ Cherwinka, NI Chott, MV Converse, A Cottle, G Cox, D Curran, CE Dahl, A David, J Delgaudio, S Dey, L de Viveiros, C Ding, JEY Dobson, E Druszkiewicz, SR Eriksen, A Fan, NM Fearon, S Fiorucci, H Flaecher, ED Fraser, TMA Fruth, RJ Gaitskell, A Geffre, J Genovesi, C Ghag, R Gibbons, S Gokhale, J Green, MGD van der Grinten, CR Hall, S Han, E Hartigan-O'Connor, SJ Haselschwardt, DQ Huang, SA Hertel, G Heuermann, M Horn, D Hunt, CM Ignarra, O Jahangir, RS James, J Johnson, AC Kaboth, AC Kamaha, D Khaitan, A Khazov, I Khurana, J Kim, J Kingston, R Kirk, D Kodroff, L Korley, EV Korolkova, H Kraus, S Kravitz, L Kreczko, B Krikler, VA Kudryavtsev, EA Leason, J Lee, DS Leonard, KT Lesko, C Levy, J Lin, A Lindote, R Linehan, WH Lippincott, X Liu, MI Lopes, E Lopez Asamar, W Lorenzon, C Lu, D Lucero, S Luitz, PA Majewski, A Manalaysay, RL Mannino, C Maupin, ME McCarthy, G McDowell, DN McKinsey, J McLaughlin, EH Miller, E Mizrachi, A Monte, ME Monzani, JD Morales Mendoza, E Morrison, BJ Mount, M Murdy, A St J Murphy, D Naim, A Naylor, C Nedlik, HN Nelson, F Neves, A Nguyen, JA Nikoleyczik, I Olcina, KC Oliver-Mallory, J Orpwood, KJ Palladino, J Palmer, N Parveen, SJ Patton, B Penning, G Pereira, E Perry, T Pershing, A Piepke, S Poudel, Y Qie, J Reichenbacher, CA Rhyne, Q Riffard, GRC Rischbieter, HS Riyat, R Rosero, T Rushton, D Rynders, D Santone, ABMR Sazzad, RW Schnee, S Shaw, T Shutt, JJ Silk, C Silva, G Sinev, R Smith, VN Solovov, P Sorensen, J Soria, I Stancu, A Stevens, K Stifter, B Suerfu, TJ Sumner, M Szydagis, WC Taylor, DJ Temples, DR Tiedt, M Timalsina, Z Tong, DR Tovey, J Tranter, M Trask, M Tripathi, DR Tronstad, W Turner, A Vacheret, AC Vaitkus, A Wang, JJ Wang, Y Wang, JR Watson, RC Webb, L Weeldreyer, TJ Whitis, M Williams, WJ Wisniewski, FLH Wolfs, S Woodford, D Woodward, CJ Wright, Q Xia, X Xiang, J Xu, M Yeh, EA Zweig
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First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Phys.Rev.Lett. 131 (2023) 4, 041002

Authors:

J. Aalbers, D.S. Akerib, C.W. Akerlof, A.K. Al Musalhi, F. Alder, A. Alqahtani, S.K. Alsum, C.S. Amarasinghe, A. Ames, T.J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H.M. Araújo, J.E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, S. Azadi, A.J. Bailey, A. Baker, J. Balajthy, S. Balashov, J. Bang, J.W. Bargemann, M.J. Barry, J. Barthel, D. Bauer, A. Baxter, K. Beattie, J. Belle, P. Beltrame, J. Bensinger, T. Benson, E.P. Bernard, A. Bhatti, A. Biekert, T.P. Biesiadzinski, H.J. Birch, B. Birrittella, G.M. Blockinger, K.E. Boast, B. Boxer, R. Bramante, C.A.J. Brew, P. Brás, J.H. Buckley, V.V. Bugaev, S. Burdin, J.K. Busenitz, M. Buuck, R. Cabrita, C. Carels, D.L. Carlsmith, B. Carlson, M.C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Cascella, C. Chan, A. Chawla, H. Chen, J.J. Cherwinka, N.I. Chott, A. Cole, J. Coleman, M.V. Converse, A. Cottle, G. Cox, W.W. Craddock, O. Creaner, D. Curran, A. Currie, J.E. Cutter, C.E. Dahl, A. David, J. Davis, T.J.R. Davison, J. Delgaudio, S. Dey, L. de Viveiros, A. Dobi, J.E.Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, A. Dushkin, T.K. Edberg, W.R. Edwards, M.M. Elnimr, W.T. Emmet, S.R. Eriksen, C.H. Faham, A. Fan, S. Fayer, N.M. Fearon, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, P. Ford, V.B. Francis, E.D. Fraser, T. Fruth, R.J. Gaitskell, N.J. Gantos, D. Garcia, A. Geffre, V.M. Gehman, J. Genovesi , C. Ghag, R. Gibbons, E. Gibson, M.G.D. Gilchriese, S. Gokhale, B. Gomber, J. Green, A. Greenall, S. Greenwood, M.G.D.van der Grinten, C.B. Gwilliam, C.R. Hall, S. Hans, K. Hanzel, A. Harrison, E. Hartigan-O'Connor, S.J. Haselschwardt, S.A. Hertel, G. Heuermann, C. Hjemfelt, M.D. Hoff, E. Holtom, J.Y-K. Hor, M. Horn, D.Q. Huang, D. Hunt, C.M. Ignarra, R.G. Jacobsen, O. Jahangir, R.S. James, S.N. Jeffery, W. Ji, J. Johnson, A.C. Kaboth, A.C. Kamaha, K. Kamdin, V. Kasey, K. Kazkaz, J. Keefner, D. Khaitan, M. Khaleeq, A. Khazov, I. Khurana, Y.D. Kim, C.D. Kocher, D. Kodroff, L. Korley, E.V. Korolkova, J. Kras, H. Kraus, S. Kravitz, H.J. Krebs, L. Kreczko, B. Krikler, V.A. Kudryavtsev, S. Kyre, B. Landerud, E.A. Leason, C. Lee, J. Lee, D.S. Leonard, R. Leonard, K.T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Li, F.-T. Liao, J. Liao, J. Lin, A. Lindote, R. Linehan, W.H. Lippincott, R. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, C. Loniewski, M.I. Lopes, E. Lopez Asamar, B. López Paredes, W. Lorenzon, D. Lucero, S. Luitz, J.M. Lyle, P.A. Majewski, J. Makkinje, D.C. Malling, A. Manalaysay, L. Manenti, R.L. Mannino, N. Marangou, M.F. Marzioni, C. Maupin, M.E. McCarthy, C.T. McConnell, D.N. McKinsey, J. McLaughlin, Y. Meng, J. Migneault, E.H. Miller, E. Mizrachi, J.A. Mock, A. Monte, M.E. Monzani, J.A. Morad, J.D. Morales Mendoza, E. Morrison, B.J. Mount, M. Murdy, A.St.J. Murphy, D. Naim, A. Naylor, C. Nedlik, C. Nehrkorn, F. Neves, A. Nguyen, J.A. Nikoleyczik, A. Nilima, J. O'Dell, F.G. O'Neill, K. O'Sullivan, I. Olcina, M.A. Olevitch, K.C. Oliver-Mallory, J. Orpwood, D. Pagenkopf, S. Pal, K.J. Palladino, J. Palmer, M. Pangilinan, N. Parveen, S.J. Patton, E.K. Pease, B. Penning, C. Pereira, G. Pereira, E. Perry, T. Pershing, I.B. Peterson, A. Piepke, J. Podczerwinski, D. Porzio, S. Powell, R.M. Preece, K. Pushkin, Y. Qie, B.N. Ratcliff, J. Reichenbacher, L. Reichhart, C.A. Rhyne, A. Richards, Q. Riffard, G.R.C. Rischbieter, J.P. Rodrigues, A. Rodriguez, H.J. Rose, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, T. Rushton, G. Rutherford, D. Rynders, J.S. Saba, D. Santone, A.B.M.R. Sazzad, R.W. Schnee, P.R. Scovell, D. Seymour, S. Shaw, T. Shutt, J.J. Silk, C. Silva, G. Sinev, K. Skarpaas, W. Skulski, R. Smith, M. Solmaz, V.N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, J. Soria, I. Stancu, M.R. Stark, A. Stevens, T.M. Stiegler, K. Stifter, R. Studley, B. Suerfu, T.J. Sumner, P. Sutcliffe, N. Swanson, M. Szydagis, M. Tan, D.J. Taylor, R. Taylor, W.C. Taylor, D.J. Temples, B.P. Tennyson, P.A. Terman, K.J. Thomas, D.R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, W.H. To, A. Tomás, Z. Tong, D.R. Tovey, J. Tranter, M. Trask, M. Tripathi, D.R. Tronstad, C.E. Tull, W. Turner, L. Tvrznikova, U. Utku, J. Va'vra, A. Vacheret, A.C. Vaitkus, J.R. Verbus, E. Voirin, W.L. Waldron, A. Wang, B. Wang, J.J. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Wang, J.R. Watson, R.C. Webb, A. White, D.T. White, J.T. White, R.G. White, T.J. Whitis, M. Williams, W.J. Wisniewski, M.S. Witherell, F.L.H. Wolfs, J.D. Wolfs, S. Woodford, D. Woodward, S.D. Worm, C.J. Wright, Q. Xia, X. Xiang, Q. Xiao, J. Xu, M. Yeh, J. Yin, I. Young, P. Zarzhitsky, A. Zuckerman, E.A. Zweig

Abstract:

The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. This Letter reports results from LUX-ZEPLIN’s first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an exposure of 60 live days using a fiducial mass of 5.5 t. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis shows the data to be consistent with a background-only hypothesis, setting new limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon, spin-dependent WIMP-neutron, and spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross sections for WIMP masses above 9  GeV/c2. The most stringent limit is set for spin-independent scattering at 36  GeV/c2, rejecting cross sections above 9.2×10-48  cm at the 90% confidence level.
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