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Electron transport measurements in liquid xenon with Xenoscope, a large-scale DARWIN demonstrator

The European Physical Journal C SpringerOpen 83:8 (2023) 717

Authors:

L Baudis, Y Biondi, A Bismark, AP Cimental Chávez, JJ Cuenca-García, J Franchi, M Galloway, F Girard, R Peres, D Ramírez García, P Sanchez-Lucas, K Thieme, C Wittweg

Abstract:

The DARWIN/XLZD experiment is a next-generation dark matter detector with a multi-ten-ton liquid xenon time projection chamber at its core. Its principal goal will be to explore the experimentally accessible parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) in a wide mass-range, until interactions of astrophysical neutrinos will become an irreducible background. The prompt scintillation light and the charge signals induced by particle interactions in the liquid xenon target will be observed by VUV-sensitive, ultra-low background photosensors. Besides its excellent sensitivity to WIMPs with masses above $\sim$5\,GeV, such a detector with its large mass, low-energy threshold and ultra-low background level will also be sensitive to other rare interactions, and in particular also to bosonic dark matter candidates with masses at the keV-scale. We present the detector concept, discuss the main sources of backgrounds, the technological challenges and some of the ongoing detector design and R&D efforts, as well as the large-scale demonstrators. We end by discussing the sensitivity to particle dark matter interactions.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures. Accepted to appear in Nuc. Phys. B special issue "Nobel Symposium on Dark Matter" (NS 182
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A search for new physics in low-energy electron recoils from the first LZ exposure

(2023)

Authors:

The LZ Collaboration, J Aalbers, DS Akerib, AK Al Musalhi, F Alder, CS Amarasinghe, A Ames, TJ Anderson, N Angelides, HM Araújo, JE Armstrong, M Arthurs, A Baker, S Balashov, J Bang, JW Bargemann, A Baxter, K Beattie, P Beltrame, T Benson, A Bhatti, A Biekert, TP Biesiadzinski, HJ Birch, GM Blockinger, B Boxer, CAJ Brew, P Brás, S Burdin, M Buuck, MC Carmona-Benitez, C Chan, A Chawla, H Chen, JJ Cherwinka, NI Chott, MV Converse, A Cottle, G Cox, D Curran, CE Dahl, A David, J Delgaudio, S Dey, L de Viveiros, C Ding, JEY Dobson, E Druszkiewicz, SR Eriksen, A Fan, NM Fearon, S Fiorucci, H Flaecher, ED Fraser, TMA Fruth, RJ Gaitskell, A Geffre, J Genovesi, C Ghag, R Gibbons, S Gokhale, J Green, MGD van der Grinten, CR Hall, S Han, E Hartigan-O'Connor, SJ Haselschwardt, DQ Huang, SA Hertel, G Heuermann, M Horn, D Hunt, CM Ignarra, O Jahangir, RS James, J Johnson, AC Kaboth, AC Kamaha, D Khaitan, A Khazov, I Khurana, J Kim, J Kingston, R Kirk, D Kodroff, L Korley, EV Korolkova, H Kraus, S Kravitz, L Kreczko, B Krikler, VA Kudryavtsev, EA Leason, J Lee, DS Leonard, KT Lesko, C Levy, J Lin, A Lindote, R Linehan, WH Lippincott, X Liu, MI Lopes, E Lopez Asamar, W Lorenzon, C Lu, D Lucero, S Luitz, PA Majewski, A Manalaysay, RL Mannino, C Maupin, ME McCarthy, G McDowell, DN McKinsey, J McLaughlin, EH Miller, E Mizrachi, A Monte, ME Monzani, JD Morales Mendoza, E Morrison, BJ Mount, M Murdy, A St J Murphy, D Naim, A Naylor, C Nedlik, HN Nelson, F Neves, A Nguyen, JA Nikoleyczik, I Olcina, KC Oliver-Mallory, J Orpwood, KJ Palladino, J Palmer, N Parveen, SJ Patton, B Penning, G Pereira, E Perry, T Pershing, A Piepke, S Poudel, Y Qie, J Reichenbacher, CA Rhyne, Q Riffard, GRC Rischbieter, HS Riyat, R Rosero, T Rushton, D Rynders, D Santone, ABMR Sazzad, RW Schnee, S Shaw, T Shutt, JJ Silk, C Silva, G Sinev, R Smith, VN Solovov, P Sorensen, J Soria, I Stancu, A Stevens, K Stifter, B Suerfu, TJ Sumner, M Szydagis, WC Taylor, DJ Temples, DR Tiedt, M Timalsina, Z Tong, DR Tovey, J Tranter, M Trask, M Tripathi, DR Tronstad, W Turner, A Vacheret, AC Vaitkus, A Wang, JJ Wang, Y Wang, JR Watson, RC Webb, L Weeldreyer, TJ Whitis, M Williams, WJ Wisniewski, FLH Wolfs, S Woodford, D Woodward, CJ Wright, Q Xia, X Xiang, J Xu, M Yeh, EA Zweig
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First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Phys.Rev.Lett. 131 (2023) 4, 041002

Authors:

J. Aalbers, D.S. Akerib, C.W. Akerlof, A.K. Al Musalhi, F. Alder, A. Alqahtani, S.K. Alsum, C.S. Amarasinghe, A. Ames, T.J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H.M. Araújo, J.E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, S. Azadi, A.J. Bailey, A. Baker, J. Balajthy, S. Balashov, J. Bang, J.W. Bargemann, M.J. Barry, J. Barthel, D. Bauer, A. Baxter, K. Beattie, J. Belle, P. Beltrame, J. Bensinger, T. Benson, E.P. Bernard, A. Bhatti, A. Biekert, T.P. Biesiadzinski, H.J. Birch, B. Birrittella, G.M. Blockinger, K.E. Boast, B. Boxer, R. Bramante, C.A.J. Brew, P. Brás, J.H. Buckley, V.V. Bugaev, S. Burdin, J.K. Busenitz, M. Buuck, R. Cabrita, C. Carels, D.L. Carlsmith, B. Carlson, M.C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Cascella, C. Chan, A. Chawla, H. Chen, J.J. Cherwinka, N.I. Chott, A. Cole, J. Coleman, M.V. Converse, A. Cottle, G. Cox, W.W. Craddock, O. Creaner, D. Curran, A. Currie, J.E. Cutter, C.E. Dahl, A. David, J. Davis, T.J.R. Davison, J. Delgaudio, S. Dey, L. de Viveiros, A. Dobi, J.E.Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, A. Dushkin, T.K. Edberg, W.R. Edwards, M.M. Elnimr, W.T. Emmet, S.R. Eriksen, C.H. Faham, A. Fan, S. Fayer, N.M. Fearon, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, P. Ford, V.B. Francis, E.D. Fraser, T. Fruth, R.J. Gaitskell, N.J. Gantos, D. Garcia, A. Geffre, V.M. Gehman, J. Genovesi , C. Ghag, R. Gibbons, E. Gibson, M.G.D. Gilchriese, S. Gokhale, B. Gomber, J. Green, A. Greenall, S. Greenwood, M.G.D.van der Grinten, C.B. Gwilliam, C.R. Hall, S. Hans, K. Hanzel, A. Harrison, E. Hartigan-O'Connor, S.J. Haselschwardt, S.A. Hertel, G. Heuermann, C. Hjemfelt, M.D. Hoff, E. Holtom, J.Y-K. Hor, M. Horn, D.Q. Huang, D. Hunt, C.M. Ignarra, R.G. Jacobsen, O. Jahangir, R.S. James, S.N. Jeffery, W. Ji, J. Johnson, A.C. Kaboth, A.C. Kamaha, K. Kamdin, V. Kasey, K. Kazkaz, J. Keefner, D. Khaitan, M. Khaleeq, A. Khazov, I. Khurana, Y.D. Kim, C.D. Kocher, D. Kodroff, L. Korley, E.V. Korolkova, J. Kras, H. Kraus, S. Kravitz, H.J. Krebs, L. Kreczko, B. Krikler, V.A. Kudryavtsev, S. Kyre, B. Landerud, E.A. Leason, C. Lee, J. Lee, D.S. Leonard, R. Leonard, K.T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Li, F.-T. Liao, J. Liao, J. Lin, A. Lindote, R. Linehan, W.H. Lippincott, R. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, C. Loniewski, M.I. Lopes, E. Lopez Asamar, B. López Paredes, W. Lorenzon, D. Lucero, S. Luitz, J.M. Lyle, P.A. Majewski, J. Makkinje, D.C. Malling, A. Manalaysay, L. Manenti, R.L. Mannino, N. Marangou, M.F. Marzioni, C. Maupin, M.E. McCarthy, C.T. McConnell, D.N. McKinsey, J. McLaughlin, Y. Meng, J. Migneault, E.H. Miller, E. Mizrachi, J.A. Mock, A. Monte, M.E. Monzani, J.A. Morad, J.D. Morales Mendoza, E. Morrison, B.J. Mount, M. Murdy, A.St.J. Murphy, D. Naim, A. Naylor, C. Nedlik, C. Nehrkorn, F. Neves, A. Nguyen, J.A. Nikoleyczik, A. Nilima, J. O'Dell, F.G. O'Neill, K. O'Sullivan, I. Olcina, M.A. Olevitch, K.C. Oliver-Mallory, J. Orpwood, D. Pagenkopf, S. Pal, K.J. Palladino, J. Palmer, M. Pangilinan, N. Parveen, S.J. Patton, E.K. Pease, B. Penning, C. Pereira, G. Pereira, E. Perry, T. Pershing, I.B. Peterson, A. Piepke, J. Podczerwinski, D. Porzio, S. Powell, R.M. Preece, K. Pushkin, Y. Qie, B.N. Ratcliff, J. Reichenbacher, L. Reichhart, C.A. Rhyne, A. Richards, Q. Riffard, G.R.C. Rischbieter, J.P. Rodrigues, A. Rodriguez, H.J. Rose, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, T. Rushton, G. Rutherford, D. Rynders, J.S. Saba, D. Santone, A.B.M.R. Sazzad, R.W. Schnee, P.R. Scovell, D. Seymour, S. Shaw, T. Shutt, J.J. Silk, C. Silva, G. Sinev, K. Skarpaas, W. Skulski, R. Smith, M. Solmaz, V.N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, J. Soria, I. Stancu, M.R. Stark, A. Stevens, T.M. Stiegler, K. Stifter, R. Studley, B. Suerfu, T.J. Sumner, P. Sutcliffe, N. Swanson, M. Szydagis, M. Tan, D.J. Taylor, R. Taylor, W.C. Taylor, D.J. Temples, B.P. Tennyson, P.A. Terman, K.J. Thomas, D.R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, W.H. To, A. Tomás, Z. Tong, D.R. Tovey, J. Tranter, M. Trask, M. Tripathi, D.R. Tronstad, C.E. Tull, W. Turner, L. Tvrznikova, U. Utku, J. Va'vra, A. Vacheret, A.C. Vaitkus, J.R. Verbus, E. Voirin, W.L. Waldron, A. Wang, B. Wang, J.J. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Wang, J.R. Watson, R.C. Webb, A. White, D.T. White, J.T. White, R.G. White, T.J. Whitis, M. Williams, W.J. Wisniewski, M.S. Witherell, F.L.H. Wolfs, J.D. Wolfs, S. Woodford, D. Woodward, S.D. Worm, C.J. Wright, Q. Xia, X. Xiang, Q. Xiao, J. Xu, M. Yeh, J. Yin, I. Young, P. Zarzhitsky, A. Zuckerman, E.A. Zweig

Abstract:

The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. This Letter reports results from LUX-ZEPLIN’s first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an exposure of 60 live days using a fiducial mass of 5.5 t. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis shows the data to be consistent with a background-only hypothesis, setting new limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon, spin-dependent WIMP-neutron, and spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross sections for WIMP masses above 9  GeV/c2. The most stringent limit is set for spin-independent scattering at 36  GeV/c2, rejecting cross sections above 9.2×10-48  cm at the 90% confidence level.
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First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Physical Review Letters American Physical Society (APS) 131:4 (2023) 041002

Authors:

J Aalbers, DS Akerib, CW Akerlof, AK Al Musalhi, F Alder, A Alqahtani, SK Alsum, CS Amarasinghe, A Ames, TJ Anderson, N Angelides, HM Araújo, JE Armstrong, M Arthurs, S Azadi, AJ Bailey, A Baker, J Balajthy, S Balashov, J Bang, JW Bargemann, MJ Barry, J Barthel, D Bauer, A Baxter, K Beattie, J Belle, P Beltrame, J Bensinger, T Benson, EP Bernard, A Bhatti, A Biekert, TP Biesiadzinski, HJ Birch, B Birrittella, GM Blockinger, KE Boast, B Boxer, R Bramante, CAJ Brew, P Brás, JH Buckley, VV Bugaev, S Burdin, JK Busenitz, M Buuck, R Cabrita, C Carels, DL Carlsmith, B Carlson, MC Carmona-Benitez, M Cascella, C Chan, A Chawla, H Chen, JJ Cherwinka, NI Chott, A Cole, J Coleman, MV Converse, A Cottle, G Cox, WW Craddock, O Creaner, D Curran, A Currie, JE Cutter, CE Dahl, A David, J Davis, TJR Davison, J Delgaudio, S Dey, L de Viveiros, A Dobi, JEY Dobson, E Druszkiewicz, A Dushkin, TK Edberg, WR Edwards, MM Elnimr, WT Emmet, SR Eriksen, CH Faham, A Fan, S Fayer, NM Fearon, S Fiorucci, H Flaecher, P Ford, VB Francis, ED Fraser, T Fruth, RJ Gaitskell, NJ Gantos, D Garcia, A Geffre, VM Gehman, J Genovesi, C Ghag, R Gibbons, E Gibson, MGD Gilchriese, S Gokhale, B Gomber, J Green, A Greenall, S Greenwood, MGD van der Grinten, CB Gwilliam, CR Hall, S Hans, K Hanzel, A Harrison, E Hartigan-O'Connor, SJ Haselschwardt, MA Hernandez, SA Hertel, G Heuermann, C Hjemfelt, MD Hoff, E Holtom, JY-K Hor, M Horn, DQ Huang, D Hunt, CM Ignarra, RG Jacobsen, O Jahangir, RS James, SN Jeffery, W Ji, J Johnson, AC Kaboth, AC Kamaha, K Kamdin, V Kasey, K Kazkaz, J Keefner, D Khaitan, M Khaleeq, A Khazov, I Khurana, YD Kim, CD Kocher, D Kodroff, L Korley, EV Korolkova, J Kras, H Kraus, S Kravitz, HJ Krebs, L Kreczko, B Krikler, VA Kudryavtsev, S Kyre, B Landerud, EA Leason, C Lee, J Lee, DS Leonard, R Leonard, KT Lesko, C Levy, J Li, F-T Liao, J Liao, J Lin, A Lindote, R Linehan, WH Lippincott, R Liu, X Liu, Y Liu, C Loniewski, MI Lopes, E Lopez Asamar, B López Paredes, W Lorenzon, D Lucero, S Luitz, JM Lyle, PA Majewski, J Makkinje, DC Malling, A Manalaysay, L Manenti, RL Mannino, N Marangou, MF Marzioni, C Maupin, ME McCarthy, CT McConnell, DN McKinsey, J McLaughlin, Y Meng, J Migneault, EH Miller, E Mizrachi, JA Mock, A Monte, ME Monzani, JA Morad, JD Morales Mendoza, E Morrison, BJ Mount, M Murdy, A St J Murphy, D Naim, A Naylor, C Nedlik, C Nehrkorn, F Neves, A Nguyen, JA Nikoleyczik, A Nilima, J O'Dell, FG O'Neill, K O'Sullivan, I Olcina, MA Olevitch, KC Oliver-Mallory, J Orpwood, D Pagenkopf, S Pal, KJ Palladino, J Palmer, M Pangilinan, N Parveen, SJ Patton, EK Pease, B Penning, C Pereira, G Pereira, E Perry, T Pershing, IB Peterson, A Piepke, J Podczerwinski, D Porzio, S Powell, RM Preece, K Pushkin, Y Qie, BN Ratcliff, J Reichenbacher, L Reichhart, CA Rhyne, A Richards, Q Riffard, GRC Rischbieter, JP Rodrigues, A Rodriguez, HJ Rose, R Rosero, P Rossiter, T Rushton, G Rutherford, D Rynders, JS Saba, D Santone, ABMR Sazzad, RW Schnee, PR Scovell, D Seymour, S Shaw, T Shutt, JJ Silk, C Silva, G Sinev, K Skarpaas, W Skulski, R Smith, M Solmaz, VN Solovov, P Sorensen, J Soria, I Stancu, MR Stark, A Stevens, TM Stiegler, K Stifter, R Studley, B Suerfu, TJ Sumner, P Sutcliffe, N Swanson, M Szydagis, M Tan, DJ Taylor, R Taylor, WC Taylor, DJ Temples, BP Tennyson, PA Terman, KJ Thomas, DR Tiedt, M Timalsina, WH To, A Tomás, Z Tong, DR Tovey, J Tranter, M Trask, M Tripathi, DR Tronstad, CE Tull, W Turner, L Tvrznikova, U Utku, J Va'vra, A Vacheret, AC Vaitkus, JR Verbus, E Voirin, WL Waldron, A Wang, B Wang, JJ Wang, W Wang, Y Wang, JR Watson, RC Webb, A White, DT White, JT White, RG White, TJ Whitis, M Williams, WJ Wisniewski, MS Witherell, FLH Wolfs, JD Wolfs, S Woodford, D Woodward, SD Worm, CJ Wright, Q Xia, X Xiang, Q Xiao, J Xu, M Yeh, J Yin, I Young, P Zarzhitsky, A Zuckerman, EA Zweig
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Background determination for the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment

Phys.Rev.D 108 (2023) 1, 012010

Authors:

J. Aalbers, D.S. Akerib, A.K. Al Musalhi, F. Alder, S.K. Alsum, C.S. Amarasinghe, A. Ames, T.J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H.M. Araújo, J.E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, A. Baker, J. Bang, J.W. Bargemann, A. Baxter, K. Beattie, P. Beltrame, E.P. Bernard, A. Bhatti, A. Biekert, T.P. Biesiadzinski, H.J. Birch, G.M. Blockinger, B. Boxer, C.A.J. Brew, P. Brás, S. Burdin, M. Buuck, R. Cabrita, M.C. Carmona-Benitez, C. Chan, A. Chawla, H. Chen, A.P.S. Chiang, N.I. Chott, M.V. Converse, A. Cottle, G. Cox, O. Creaner, C.E. Dahl, A. David, S. Dey, L. de Viveiros, C. Ding, J.E.Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, S.R. Eriksen, A. Fan, N.M. Fearon, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, E.D. Fraser, T. Fruth, R.J. Gaitskell, J. Genovesi, C. Ghag, R. Gibbons, M.G.D. Gilchriese, S. Gokhale, J. Green, M.G.D.van der Grinten, C.B. Gwilliam, C.R. Hall, S. Han, E. Hartigan-O'Connor, S.J. Haselschwardt, S.A. Hertel, G. Heuermann, M. Horn, D.Q. Huang, D. Hunt, C.M. Ignarra, R.G. Jacobsen, O. Jahangir, R.S. James, J. Johnson, A.C. Kaboth, A.C. Kamaha, D. Khaitan, I. Khurana, R. Kirk, D. Kodroff, L. Korley, E.V. Korolkova, H. Kraus, S. Kravitz, L. Kreczko, B. Krikler, V.A. Kudryavtsev, E.A. Leason, J. Lee, D.S. Leonard, K.T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Lin, A. Lindote, R. Linehan, W.H. Lippincott, X. Liu , M.I. Lopes, E. Lopez Asamar, B. López Paredes, W. Lorenzon, C. Lu, S. Luitz, P.A. Majewski, A. Manalaysay, R.L. Mannino, N. Marangou, M.E. McCarthy, D.N. McKinsey, J. McLaughlin, E.H. Miller, E. Mizrachi, A. Monte, M.E. Monzani, J.D. Morales Mendoza, E. Morrison, B.J. Mount, M. Murdy, A.St.J. Murphy, D. Naim, A. Naylor, C. Nedlik, H.N. Nelson, F. Neves, A. Nguyen, J.A. Nikoleyczik, I. Olcina, K.C. Oliver-Mallory, J. Orpwood, K.J. Palladino, J. Palmer, N. Parveen, S.J. Patton, B. Penning, G. Pereira, E. Perry, T. Pershing, A. Piepke, D. Porzio, S. Poudel, Y. Qie, J. Reichenbacher, C.A. Rhyne, Q. Riffard, G.R.C. Rischbieter, H.S. Riyat, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, T. Rushton, D. Santone, A.B.M.R. Sazzad, R.W. Schnee, S. Shaw, T. Shutt, J.J. Silk, C. Silva, G. Sinev, R. Smith, M. Solmaz, V.N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, J. Soria, I. Stancu, A. Stevens, K. Stifter, B. Suerfu, T.J. Sumner, N. Swanson, M. Szydagis, R. Taylor, W.C. Taylor, D.J. Temples, P.A. Terman, D.R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, Z. Tong, D.R. Tovey, J. Tranter, M. Trask, M. Tripathi, D.R. Tronstad, W. Turner, U. Utku, A.C. Vaitkus, A. Wang, J.J. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Wang, J.R. Watson, R.C. Webb, T.J. Whitis, M. Williams, F.L.H. Wolfs, S. Woodford, D. Woodward, C.J. Wright, Q. Xia, X. Xiang, J. Xu, M. Yeh

Abstract:

The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment recently reported limits on WIMP-nucleus interactions from its initial science run, down to 9.2×10-48  cm2 for the spin-independent interaction of a 36  GeV/c2 WIMP at 90% confidence level. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the backgrounds important for this result and for other upcoming physics analyses, including neutrinoless double-beta decay searches and effective field theory interpretations of LUX-ZEPLIN data. We confirm that the in-situ determinations of bulk and fixed radioactive backgrounds are consistent with expectations from the ex-situ assays. The observed background rate after WIMP search criteria were applied was (6.3±0.5)×10-5  events/keVee/kg/day in the low-energy region, approximately 60 times lower than the equivalent rate reported by the LUX experiment.
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