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First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

(2022)

Authors:

J Aalbers, DS Akerib, CW Akerlof, AK Al Musalhi, F Alder, A Alqahtani, SK Alsum, CS Amarasinghe, A Ames, TJ Anderson, N Angelides, HM Araújo, JE Armstrong, M Arthurs, S Azadi, AJ Bailey, A Baker, J Balajthy, S Balashov, J Bang, JW Bargemann, MJ Barry, J Barthel, D Bauer, A Baxter, K Beattie, J Belle, P Beltrame, J Bensinger, T Benson, EP Bernard, A Bhatti, A Biekert, TP Biesiadzinski, HJ Birch, B Birrittella, GM Blockinger, KE Boast, B Boxer, R Bramante, CAJ Brew, P Brás, JH Buckley, VV Bugaev, S Burdin, JK Busenitz, M Buuck, R Cabrita, C Carels, DL Carlsmith, B Carlson, MC Carmona-Benitez, M Cascella, C Chan, A Chawla, H Chen, JJ Cherwinka, NI Chott, A Cole, J Coleman, MV Converse, A Cottle, G Cox, WW Craddock, O Creaner, D Curran, A Currie, JE Cutter, CE Dahl, A David, J Davis, TJR Davison, J Delgaudio, S Dey, L de Viveiros, A Dobi, JEY Dobson, E Druszkiewicz, A Dushkin, TK Edberg, WR Edwards, MM Elnimr, WT Emmet, SR Eriksen, CH Faham, A Fan, S Fayer, NM Fearon, S Fiorucci, H Flaecher, P Ford, VB Francis, ED Fraser, T Fruth, RJ Gaitskell, NJ Gantos, D Garcia, A Geffre, VM Gehman, J Genovesi, C Ghag, R Gibbons, E Gibson, MGD Gilchriese, S Gokhale, B Gomber, J Green, A Greenall, S Greenwood, MGD van der Grinten, CB Gwilliam, CR Hall, S Hans, K Hanzel, A Harrison, E Hartigan-O'Connor, SJ Haselschwardt, SA Hertel, G Heuermann, C Hjemfelt, MD Hoff, E Holtom, JY-K Hor, M Horn, DQ Huang, D Hunt, CM Ignarra, RG Jacobsen, O Jahangir, RS James, SN Jeffery, W Ji, J Johnson, AC Kaboth, AC Kamaha, K Kamdin, V Kasey, K Kazkaz, J Keefner, D Khaitan, M Khaleeq, A Khazov, I Khurana, YD Kim, CD Kocher, D Kodroff, L Korley, EV Korolkova, J Kras, H Kraus, S Kravitz, HJ Krebs, L Kreczko, B Krikler, VA Kudryavtsev, S Kyre, B Landerud, EA Leason, C Lee, J Lee, DS Leonard, R Leonard, KT Lesko, C Levy, J Li, F-T Liao, J Liao, J Lin, A Lindote, R Linehan, WH Lippincott, R Liu, X Liu, Y Liu, C Loniewski, MI Lopes, E Lopez Asamar, B López Paredes, W Lorenzon, D Lucero, S Luitz, JM Lyle, PA Majewski, J Makkinje, DC Malling, A Manalaysay, L Manenti, RL Mannino, N Marangou, MF Marzioni, C Maupin, ME McCarthy, CT McConnell, DN McKinsey, J McLaughlin, Y Meng, J Migneault, EH Miller, E Mizrachi, JA Mock, A Monte, ME Monzani, JA Morad, JD Morales Mendoza, E Morrison, BJ Mount, M Murdy, A St J Murphy, D Naim, A Naylor, C Nedlik, C Nehrkorn, F Neves, A Nguyen, JA Nikoleyczik, A Nilima, J O'Dell, FG O'Neill, K O'Sullivan, I Olcina, MA Olevitch, KC Oliver-Mallory, J Orpwood, D Pagenkopf, S Pal, KJ Palladino, J Palmer, M Pangilinan, N Parveen, SJ Patton, EK Pease, B Penning, C Pereira, G Pereira, E Perry, T Pershing, IB Peterson, A Piepke, J Podczerwinski, D Porzio, S Powell, RM Preece, K Pushkin, Y Qie, BN Ratcliff, J Reichenbacher, L Reichhart, CA Rhyne, A Richards, Q Riffard, GRC Rischbieter, JP Rodrigues, A Rodriguez, HJ Rose, R Rosero, P Rossiter, T Rushton, G Rutherford, D Rynders, JS Saba, D Santone, ABMR Sazzad, RW Schnee, PR Scovell, D Seymour, S Shaw, T Shutt, JJ Silk, C Silva, G Sinev, K Skarpaas, W Skulski, R Smith, M Solmaz, VN Solovov, P Sorensen, J Soria, I Stancu, MR Stark, A Stevens, TM Stiegler, K Stifter, R Studley, B Suerfu, TJ Sumner, P Sutcliffe, N Swanson, M Szydagis, M Tan, DJ Taylor, R Taylor, WC Taylor, DJ Temples, BP Tennyson, PA Terman, KJ Thomas, DR Tiedt, M Timalsina, WH To, A Tomás, Z Tong, DR Tovey, J Tranter, M Trask, M Tripathi, DR Tronstad, CE Tull, W Turner, L Tvrznikova, U Utku, J Va'vra, A Vacheret, AC Vaitkus, JR Verbus, E Voirin, WL Waldron, A Wang, B Wang, JJ Wang, W Wang, Y Wang, JR Watson, RC Webb, A White, DT White, JT White, RG White, TJ Whitis, M Williams, WJ Wisniewski, MS Witherell, FLH Wolfs, JD Wolfs, S Woodford, D Woodward, SD Worm, CJ Wright, Q Xia, X Xiang, Q Xiao, J Xu, M Yeh, J Yin, I Young, P Zarzhitsky, A Zuckerman, EA Zweig
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A machine learning-based methodology for pulse classification in dual-phase xenon time projection chambers

European Physical Journal C Springer Nature 82:6 (2022) 553

Authors:

P Brás, F Neves, A Lindote, A Cottle, R Cabrita, E Lopez Asamar, G Pereira, C Silva, V Solovov, MI Lopes
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Design and production of the high voltage electrode grids and electron extraction region for the LZ dual-phase xenon time projection chamber

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment Elsevier 1031 (2022) 165955

Authors:

R Linehan, RL Mannino, A Fan, CM Ignarra, S Luitz, K Skarpaas, TA Shutt, DS Akerib, SK Alsum, TJ Anderson, HM Araújo, M Arthurs, H Auyeung, AJ Bailey, TP Biesiadzinski, M Breidenbach, JJ Cherwinka, RA Conley, J Genovesi, MGD Gilchriese, A Glaenzer, TG Gonda, K Hanzel, MD Hoff, W Ji, AC Kaboth, S Kravitz, NR Kurita, AR Lambert, KT Lesko, W Lorenzon, PA Majewski, EH Miller, ME Monzani, KJ Palladino, BN Ratcliff, JS Saba, D Santone, GW Shutt, K Stifter, M Szydagis, A Tomás, J Va’vra, WL Waldron, RC Webb, RG White, TJ Whitis, K Wilson, WJ Wisniewski
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Cosmogenic production of Ar37 in the context of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment

Physical Review D American Physical Society (APS) 105:8 (2022) 082004

Authors:

J Aalbers, DS Akerib, AK Al Musalhi, F Alder, SK Alsum, CS Amarasinghe, A Ames, TJ Anderson, N Angelides, HM Araújo, JE Armstrong, M Arthurs, X Bai, A Baker, J Balajthy, S Balashov, J Bang, JW Bargemann, D Bauer, A Baxter, K Beattie, EP Bernard, A Bhatti, A Biekert, TP Biesiadzinski, HJ Birch, GM Blockinger, E Bodnia, B Boxer, CAJ Brew, P Brás, S Burdin, JK Busenitz, M Buuck, R Cabrita, MC Carmona-Benitez, M Cascella, C Chan, A Chawla, H Chen, NI Chott, A Cole, MV Converse, A Cottle, G Cox, O Creaner, JE Cutter, CE Dahl, A David, L de Viveiros, JEY Dobson, E Druszkiewicz, SR Eriksen, A Fan, S Fayer, NM Fearon, S Fiorucci, H Flaecher, ED Fraser, T Fruth, RJ Gaitskell, J Genovesi, C Ghag, E Gibson, MGD Gilchriese, S Gokhale, MGD van der Grinten, CB Gwilliam, CR Hall, SJ Haselschwardt, SA Hertel, M Horn, DQ Huang, D Hunt, CM Ignarra, O Jahangir, RS James, W Ji, J Johnson, AC Kaboth, AC Kamaha, K Kamdin, D Khaitan, A Khazov, I Khurana, D Kodroff, L Korley, EV Korolkova, H Kraus, S Kravitz, L Kreczko, VA Kudryavtsev, EA Leason, DS Leonard, KT Lesko, C Levy, J Lee, J Lin, A Lindote, R Linehan, WH Lippincott, X Liu, MI Lopes, E Lopez Asamar, B Lopez-Paredes, W Lorenzon, S Luitz, PA Majewski, A Manalaysay, L Manenti, RL Mannino, N Marangou, ME McCarthy, DN McKinsey, J McLaughlin, EH Miller, E Mizrachi, A Monte, ME Monzani, JA Morad, JD Morales Mendoza, E Morrison, BJ Mount, A St. J. Murphy, D Naim, A Naylor, C Nedlik, HN Nelson, F Neves, JA Nikoleyczik, A Nilima, I Olcina, K Oliver-Mallory, S Pal, KJ Palladino, J Palmer, N Parveen, SJ Patton, EK Pease, B Penning, G Pereira, E Perry, J Pershing, A Piepke, D Porzio, Y Qie, J Reichenbacher, CA Rhyne, A Richards, Q Riffard, GRC Rischbieter, R Rosero, P Rossiter, T Rushton, D Santone, ABMR Sazzad, RW Schnee, PR Scovell, S Shaw, TA Shutt, JJ Silk, C Silva, G Sinev, R Smith, M Solmaz, VN Solovov, P Sorensen, J Soria, I Stancu, A Stevens, K Stifter, B Suerfu, TJ Sumner, N Swanson, M Szydagis, WC Taylor, R Taylor, DJ Temples, PA Terman, DR Tiedt, M Timalsina, WH To, Z Tong, DR Tovey, M Trask, M Tripathi, DR Tronstad, W Turner, U Utku, A Vaitkus, B Wang, Y Wang, JJ Wang, W Wang, JR Watson, RC Webb, RG White, TJ Whitis, M Williams, FLH Wolfs, S Woodford, D Woodward, CJ Wright, Q Xia, X Xiang, J Xu, M Yeh
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Cosmogenic production of Ar37 in the context of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment

Phys.Rev.D 105 (2022) 8, 082004

Authors:

J. Aalbers, D.S. Akerib, A.K. Al Musalhi, F. Alder, S.K. Alsum, C.S. Amarasinghe, A. Ames, T.J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H.M. Araújo, J.E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, X. Bai, A. Baker, J. Balajthy, S. Balashov, J. Bang, J.W. Bargemann, D. Bauer, A. Baxter, K. Beattie, E.P. Bernard, A. Bhatti, A. Biekert, T.P. Biesiadzinski, H.J. Birch, G.M. Blockinger, E. Bodnia, B. Boxer, C.A.J. Brew, P. Brás, S. Burdin, J.K. Busenitz, M. Buuck, R. Cabrita, M.C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Cascella, C. Chan, A. Chawla, H. Chen, N.I. Chott, A. Cole, M.V. Converse, A. Cottle, G. Cox, O. Creaner, J.E. Cutter, C.E. Dahl, A. David, L. de Viveiros, J.E.Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, S.R. Eriksen, A. Fan, S. Fayer, N.M. Fearon, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, E.D. Fraser, T. Fruth, R.J. Gaitskell, J. Genovesi, C. Ghag, E. Gibson, M.G.D. Gilchriese, S. Gokhale, M.G.D.van der Grinten, C.B. Gwilliam, C.R. Hall, S.J. Haselschwardt, S.A. Hertel, M. Horn, D.Q. Huang, D. Hunt, C.M. Ignarra, O. Jahangir, R.S. James, W. Ji, J. Johnson, A.C. Kaboth, A.C. Kamaha, K. Kamdin, D. Khaitan, A. Khazov, I. Khurana, D. Kodroff, L. Korley, E.V. Korolkova, H. Kraus, S. Kravitz, L. Kreczko, V.A. Kudryavtsev, E.A. Leason, D.S. Leonard, K.T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Lee, J. Lin, A. Lindote, R. Linehan , W.H. Lippincott, X. Liu, M.I. Lopes, E. Lopez Asamar, B. Lopez-Paredes, W. Lorenzon, S. Luitz, P.A. Majewski, A. Manalaysay, L. Manenti, R.L. Mannino, N. Marangou, M.E. McCarthy, D.N. McKinsey, J. McLaughlin, E.H. Miller, E. Mizrachi, A. Monte, M.E. Monzani, J.A. Morad, J.D. Morales Mendoza, E. Morrison, B.J. Mount, A.St.J. Murphy, D. Naim, A. Naylor, C. Nedlik, H.N. Nelson, F. Neves, J.A. Nikoleyczik, A. Nilima, I. Olcina, K. Oliver-Mallory, S. Pal, K.J. Palladino, J. Palmer, N. Parveen, S.J. Patton, E.K. Pease, B. Penning, G. Pereira, E. Perry, J. Pershing, A. Piepke, D. Porzio, Y. Qie, J. Reichenbacher, C.A. Rhyne, A. Richards, Q. Riffard, %Q. Riffard, G.R.C. Rischbieter, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, T. Rushton, D. Santone, A.B.M.R. Sazzad, R.W. Schnee, P.R. Scovell, S. Shaw, T.A. Shutt, J.J. Silk, C. Silva, G. Sinev, R. Smith, M. Solmaz, V.N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, J. Soria, I. Stancu, A. Stevens, K. Stifter, B. Suerfu, T.J. Sumner, N. Swanson, M. Szydagis, W.C. Taylor, R. Taylor, D.J. Temples, P.A. Terman, D.R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, W.H. To, Z. Tong, D.R. Tovey, M. Trask, M. Tripathi, D.R. Tronstad, W. Turner, U. Utku, A. Vaitkus, B. Wang, Y. Wang, J.J. Wang, W. Wang, J.R. Watson, R.C. Webb, R.G. White, T.J. Whitis, M. Williams, F.L.H. Wolfs, S. Woodford, D. Woodward, C.J. Wright, Q. Xia, X. Xiang, J. Xu, M. Yeh

Abstract:

We estimate the amount of Ar37 produced in natural xenon via cosmic-ray-induced spallation, an inevitable consequence of the transportation and storage of xenon on the Earth’s surface. We then calculate the resulting Ar37 concentration in a 10-tonne payload (similar to that of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment) assuming a representative schedule of xenon purification, storage, and delivery to the underground facility. Using the spallation model by Silberberg and Tsao, the sea-level production rate of Ar37 in natural xenon is estimated to be 0.024  atoms/kg/day. Assuming the xenon is successively purified to remove radioactive contaminants in 1-tonne batches at a rate of 1  tonne/month, the average Ar37 activity after 10 tons are purified and transported underground is 0.058−0.090  μBq/kg, depending on the degree of argon removal during above-ground purification. Such cosmogenic Ar37 will appear as a noticeable background in the early science data, while decaying with a 35-day half-life. This newly noticed production mechanism of Ar37 should be considered when planning for future liquid-xenon-based experiments
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