LUX-ZEPLIN

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Projected sensitivities of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment to new physics via low-energy electron recoils

(2021)

Authors:

The LZ Collaboration, DS Akerib, AK Al Musalhi, SK Alsum, CS Amarasinghe, A Ames, TJ Anderson, N Angelides, HM Araújo, JE Armstrong, M Arthurs, X Bai, J Balajthy, S Balashov, J Bang, JW Bargemann, D Bauer, A Baxter, P Beltrame, EP Bernard, A Bernstein, A Bhatti, A Biekert, TP Biesiadzinski, HJ Birch, GM Blockinger, E Bodnia, B Boxer, CAJ Brew, P Brás, S Burdin, JK Busenitz, M Buuck, R Cabrita, MC Carmona-Benitez, M Cascella, C Chan, NI Chott, A Cole, MV Converse, A Cottle, G Cox, O Creaner, JE Cutter, CE Dahl, L de Viveiros, JEY Dobson, E Druszkiewicz, SR Eriksen, A Fan, S Fayer, NM Fearon, S Fiorucci, H Flaecher, ED Fraser, T Fruth, RJ Gaitskell, J Genovesi, C Ghag, E Gibson, S Gokhale, MGD van der Grinten, CB Gwilliam, CR Hall, CA Hardy, SJ Haselschwardt, SA Hertel, M Horn, DQ Huang, CM Ignarra, O Jahangir, RS James, W Ji, J Johnson, AC Kaboth, AC Kamaha, K Kamdin, K Kazkaz, D Khaitan, A Khazov, I Khurana, D Kodroff, L Korley, EV Korolkova, H Kraus, S Kravitz, L Kreczko, B Krikler, VA Kudryavtsev, EA Leason, J Lee, DS Leonard, KT Lesko, C Levy, J Li, J Liao, A Lindote, R Linehan, WH Lippincott, X Liu, MI Lopes, E Lopez Asamar, B López Paredes, W Lorenzon, S Luitz, PA Majewski, A Manalaysay, L Manenti, RL Mannino, N Marangou, ME McCarthy, DN McKinsey, J McLaughlin, EH Miller, E Mizrachi, A Monte, ME Monzani, JA Morad, JD Morales Mendoza, E Morrison, BJ Mount, A St J Murphy, D Naim, A Naylor, C Nedlik, HN Nelson, F Neves, JA Nikoleyczik, A Nilima, A Nguyen, I Olcina, KC Oliver-Mallory, S Pal, KJ Palladino, J Palmer, S Patton, N Parveen, EK Pease, B Penning, G Pereira, A Piepke, Y Qie, J Reichenbacher, CA Rhyne, A Richards, Q Riffard, GRC Rischbieter, R Rosero, P Rossiter, D Santone, ABMR Sazzad, RW Schnee, PR Scovell, S Shaw, TA Shutt, JJ Silk, C Silva, R Smith, M Solmaz, VN Solovov, P Sorensen, J Soria, I Stancu, A Stevens, K Stifter, B Suerfu, TJ Sumner, N Swanson, M Szydagis, WC Taylor, R Taylor, DJ Temples, PA Terman, DR Tiedt, M Timalsina, WH To, DR Tovey, M Tripathi, DR Tronstad, W Turner, U Utku, A Vaitkus, B Wang, JJ Wang, W Wang, JR Watson, RC Webb, RG White, TJ Whitis, M Williams, FLH Wolfs, D Woodward, CJ Wright, X Xiang, J Xu, M Yeh, P Zarzhitsky
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Enhancing the sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment to low energy signals

arXiv preprint

Authors:

D.S. Akerib, A.K. Al Musalhi, S.K. Alsum, C.S. Amarasinghe, A. Ames, T.J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H.M. Araújo, J.E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, X. Bai, J. Balajthy, S. Balashov, J. Bang, J.W. Bargemann, D. Bauer, A. Baxter, P. Beltrame, E.P. Bernard, A. Bernstein, A. Bhatti, A. Biekert, T.P. Biesiadzinski, H.J. Birch, G.M. Blockinger, B. Boxer, C.A.J. Brew, P. Brás, S. Burdin, J.K. Busenitz, M. Buuck, R. Cabrita, M.C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Cascella, C. Chan, N.I. Chott, A. Cole, M.V. Converse, A. Cottle, G. Cox, J.E. Cutter, C.E. Dahl, L. de Viveiros, J.E.Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, S.R. Eriksen, A. Fan, S. Fayer, N.M. Fearon, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, E.D. Fraser, T. Fruth, R.J. Gaitskell, J. Genovesi, C. Ghag, E. Gibson, S. Gokhale, M.G.D. van der Grinten, C.B. Gwilliam, C.R. Hall, S.J. Haselschwardt, S.A. Hertel, M. Horn, D.Q. Huang, C.M. Ignarra, O. Jahangir, R.S. James, W. Ji, J. Johnson, A.C. Kaboth, A.C. Kamaha, K. Kamdin, K. Kazkaz, D. Khaitan, A. Khazov, I. Khurana, D. Kodroff, L. Korley, E.V. Korolkova, H. Kraus, S. Kravitz, L. Kreczko, B. Krikler, V.A. Kudryavtsev, E.A. Leason, K.T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Li, J. Liao, J. Lin, A. Lindote, R. Linehan, W.H. Lippincott, X. Liu, M.I. Lopes, E. Lopez Asamar, B. López Paredes, W. Lorenzon, S. Luitz , P.A. Majewski, A. Manalaysay, L. Manenti, R.L. Mannino, N. Marangou, M.E. McCarthy, D.N. McKinsey, J. McLaughlin, E.H. Miller, E. Mizrachi, A. Monte, M.E. Monzani, J.A. Morad, J.D. Morales Mendoza, E. Morrison, B.J. Mount, A.St.J. Murphy, D. Naim, A. Naylor, C. Nedlik, H.N. Nelson, F. Neves, J.A. Nikoleyczik, I. Olcina, K.C. Oliver-Mallory, S. Pal, K.J. Palladino, J. Palmer, N. Parveen, E.K. Pease, B. Penning, G. Pereira, A. Piepke, Y. Qie, J. Reichenbacher, C.A. Rhyne, A. Richards, Q. Riffard, G.R.C. Rischbieter, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, D. Santone, A.B.M.R. Sazzad, R.W. Schnee, P.R. Scovell, S. Shaw, T.A. Shutt, J.J. Silk, C. Silva, R. Smith, M. Solmaz, V.N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, I. Stancu, A. Stevens, K. Stifter, B. Suerfu, T.J. Sumner, N. Swanson, M. Szydagis, W.C. Taylor, R. Taylor, D.J. Temples, P.A. Terman, D.R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, W.H. To, M. Tripathi, D.R. Tronstad, W. Turner, U. Utku, A. Vaitkus, B. Wang, J.J. Wang, W. Wang, J.R. Watson, R.C. Webb, R.G. White, T.J. Whitis, M. Williams, F.L.H. Wolfs, D. Woodward, C.J. Wright, X. Xiang, J. Xu, M. Yeh, P. Zarzhitsky

Abstract:

Two-phase xenon detectors, such as that at the core of the forthcoming LZ dark matter experiment, use photomultiplier tubes to sense the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) scintillation signals resulting from particle interactions in their liquid xenon target. This paper describes a simulation study exploring two techniques to lower the energy threshold of LZ to gain sensitivity to low-mass dark matter and astrophysical neutrinos, which will be applicable to other liquid xenon detectors. The energy threshold is determined by the number of detected S1 photons; typically, these must be recorded in three or more photomultiplier channels to avoid dark count coincidences that mimic real signals. To lower this threshold: a) we take advantage of the double photoelectron emission effect, whereby a single vacuum ultraviolet photon has a ∼20% probability of ejecting two photoelectrons from a photomultiplier tube photocathode; and b) we drop the requirement of an S1 signal altogether, and use only the ionization signal, which can be detected more efficiently. For both techniques we develop signal and background models for the nominal exposure, and explore accompanying systematic effects, including the dependence on the free electron lifetime in the liquid xenon. When incorporating double photoelectron signals, we predict a factor of ∼4 sensitivity improvement to the dark matter-nucleon scattering cross-section at 2.5 GeV/c2, and a factor of ∼1.6 increase in the solar 88B neutrino detection rate. Dropping the S1 requirement may allow sensitivity gains of two orders of magnitude in both cases. Finally, we apply these techniques to even lower masses by taking into account the atomic Migdal effect; this could lower the dark matter particle mass threshold to 80 MeV/c2.
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Enhancing the sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment to low energy signals

ArXiv 2101.08753 (2021)

Authors:

DS Akerib, AK Al Musalhi, SK Alsum, CS Amarasinghe, A Ames, TJ Anderson, N Angelides, HM Araújo, JE Armstrong, M Arthurs, X Bai, J Balajthy, S Balashov, J Bang, JW Bargemann, D Bauer, A Baxter, P Beltrame, EP Bernard, A Bernstein, A Bhatti, A Biekert, TP Biesiadzinski, HJ Birch, GM Blockinger, B Boxer, CAJ Brew, P Brás, S Burdin, JK Busenitz, M Buuck, R Cabrita, MC Carmona-Benitez, M Cascella, C Chan, NI Chott, A Cole, MV Converse, A Cottle, G Cox, JE Cutter, CE Dahl, L de Viveiros, JEY Dobson, E Druszkiewicz, SR Eriksen, A Fan, S Fayer, NM Fearon, S Fiorucci, H Flaecher, ED Fraser, T Fruth, RJ Gaitskell, J Genovesi, C Ghag, E Gibson, S Gokhale, MGD van der Grinten, CB Gwilliam, CR Hall, SJ Haselschwardt, SA Hertel, M Horn, DQ Huang, CM Ignarra, O Jahangir, RS James, W Ji, J Johnson, AC Kaboth, AC Kamaha, K Kamdin, K Kazkaz, D Khaitan, A Khazov, I Khurana, D Kodroff, L Korley, EV Korolkova, H Kraus, S Kravitz, L Kreczko, B Krikler, VA Kudryavtsev, EA Leason, KT Lesko, C Levy, J Li, J Liao, J Lin, A Lindote, R Linehan, WH Lippincott, X Liu, MI Lopes, E Lopez Asamar, B López Paredes, W Lorenzon, S Luitz, PA Majewski, A Manalaysay, L Manenti, RL Mannino, N Marangou, ME McCarthy, DN McKinsey, J McLaughlin, EH Miller, E Mizrachi, A Monte, ME Monzani, JA Morad, JD Morales Mendoza, E Morrison, BJ Mount, A St J Murphy, D Naim, A Naylor, C Nedlik, HN Nelson, F Neves, JA Nikoleyczik, I Olcina, KC Oliver-Mallory, S Pal, KJ Palladino, J Palmer, N Parveen, EK Pease, B Penning, G Pereira, A Piepke, Y Qie, J Reichenbacher, CA Rhyne, A Richards, Q Riffard, GRC Rischbieter, R Rosero, P Rossiter, D Santone, ABMR Sazzad, RW Schnee, PR Scovell, S Shaw, TA Shutt, JJ Silk, C Silva, R Smith, M Solmaz, VN Solovov, P Sorensen, I Stancu, A Stevens, K Stifter, B Suerfu, TJ Sumner, N Swanson, M Szydagis, WC Taylor, R Taylor, DJ Temples, PA Terman, DR Tiedt, M Timalsina, WH To, M Tripathi, DR Tronstad, W Turner, U Utku, A Vaitkus, B Wang, JJ Wang, W Wang, JR Watson, RC Webb, RG White, TJ Whitis, M Williams, FLH Wolfs, D Woodward, CJ Wright, X Xiang, J Xu, M Yeh, P Zarzhitsky
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Discrimination of electronic recoils from nuclear recoils in two-phase xenon time projection chambers

Physical Review D American Physical Society (APS) 102:11 (2020) 112002

Authors:

DS Akerib, S Alsum, HM Araújo, X Bai, J Balajthy, A Baxter, EP Bernard, A Bernstein, TP Biesiadzinski, EM Boulton, B Boxer, P Brás, S Burdin, D Byram, MC Carmona-Benitez, C Chan, JE Cutter, L de Viveiros, E Druszkiewicz, A Fan, S Fiorucci, RJ Gaitskell, C Ghag, MGD Gilchriese, C Gwilliam, CR Hall, SJ Haselschwardt, SA Hertel, DP Hogan, M Horn, DQ Huang, CM Ignarra, RG Jacobsen, O Jahangir, W Ji, K Kamdin, K Kazkaz, D Khaitan, EV Korolkova, S Kravitz, VA Kudryavtsev, E Leason, BG Lenardo, KT Lesko, J Liao, J Lin, A Lindote, MI Lopes, A Manalaysay, RL Mannino, N Marangou, DN McKinsey, D-M Mei, M Moongweluwan, JA Morad, A St. J. Murphy, A Naylor, C Nehrkorn, HN Nelson, F Neves, A Nilima, KC Oliver-Mallory, KJ Palladino, EK Pease, Q Riffard, GRC Rischbieter, C Rhyne, P Rossiter, S Shaw, TA Shutt, C Silva, M Solmaz, VN Solovov, P Sorensen, TJ Sumner, M Szydagis, DJ Taylor, R Taylor, WC Taylor, BP Tennyson, PA Terman, DR Tiedt, WH To, L Tvrznikova, U Utku, S Uvarov, A Vacheret, V Velan, RC Webb, JT White, TJ Whitis, MS Witherell, FLH Wolfs, D Woodward, J Xu, C Zhang
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Solar neutrino detection sensitivity in DARWIN via electron scattering

The European Physical Journal C SpringerOpen 80:12 (2020) 1133

Authors:

J Aalbers, F Agostini, SEM Ahmed Maouloud, M Alfonsi, L Althueser, FD Amaro, J Angevaare, VC Antochi, B Antunovic, E Aprile, L Arazi, F Arneodo, M Balzer, L Baudis, D Baur, ML Benabderrahmane, Y Biondi, A Bismark, C Bourgeois, A Breskin, PA Breur, A Brown, E Brown, S Brünner, G Bruno, R Budnik, C Capelli, J Cardoso, D Cichon, M Clark, AP Colijn, J Conrad, JJ Cuenca-García, JP Cussonneau, MP Decowski, A Depoian, J Dierle, P Di Gangi, A Di Giovanni, S Diglio, D Douillet, G Drexlin, K Eitel, R Engel, E Erdal, AD Ferella, H Fischer, P Fischer, W Fulgione, P Gaemers

Abstract:

The DARWIN/XLZD experiment is a next-generation dark matter detector with a multi-ten-ton liquid xenon time projection chamber at its core. Its principal goal will be to explore the experimentally accessible parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) in a wide mass-range, until interactions of astrophysical neutrinos will become an irreducible background. The prompt scintillation light and the charge signals induced by particle interactions in the liquid xenon target will be observed by VUV-sensitive, ultra-low background photosensors. Besides its excellent sensitivity to WIMPs with masses above $\sim$5\,GeV, such a detector with its large mass, low-energy threshold and ultra-low background level will also be sensitive to other rare interactions, and in particular also to bosonic dark matter candidates with masses at the keV-scale. We present the detector concept, discuss the main sources of backgrounds, the technological challenges and some of the ongoing detector design and R&D efforts, as well as the large-scale demonstrators. We end by discussing the sensitivity to particle dark matter interactions.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures. Accepted to appear in Nuc. Phys. B special issue "Nobel Symposium on Dark Matter" (NS 182
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