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A Soft Theorem from vertex-like operators in BFSS Theory

(2025)

Authors:

Davide Laurenzano, John F Wheater

Evidence for Neutrino Emission from X-ray Bright Active Galactic Nuclei with IceCube

(2025)

Authors:

R Abbasi, M Ackermann, J Adams, SK Agarwalla, JA Aguilar, M Ahlers, JM Alameddine, S Ali, NM Amin, K Andeen, C Argüelles, Y Ashida, S Athanasiadou, SN Axani, R Babu, X Bai, J Baines-Holmes, A Balagopal V., SW Barwick, S Bash, V Basu, R Bay, JJ Beatty, J Becker Tjus, P Behrens, J Beise, C Bellenghi, B Benkel, S BenZvi, D Berley, E Bernardini, DZ Besson, E Blaufuss, L Bloom, S Blot, I Bodo, F Bontempo, JY Book Motzkin, C Boscolo Meneguolo, S Böser, O Botner, J Böttcher, J Braun, B Brinson, Z Brisson-Tsavoussis, RT Burley, D Butterfield, MA Campana, K Carloni, J Carpio, S Chattopadhyay, N Chau, Z Chen, D Chirkin, S Choi, BA Clark, A Coleman, P Coleman, GH Collin, DA Coloma Borja, A Connolly, JM Conrad, DF Cowen, C De Clercq, JJ DeLaunay, D Delgado, T Delmeulle, S Deng, P Desiati, KD de Vries, G de Wasseige, T DeYoung, JC Díaz-Vélez, S DiKerby, T Ding, M Dittmer, A Domi, L Draper, L Dueser, D Durnford, K Dutta, MA DuVernois, T Ehrhardt, L Eidenschink, A Eimer, P Eller, E Ellinger, D Elsässer, R Engel, H Erpenbeck, W Esmail, S Eulig, J Evans, PA Evenson, KL Fan, K Fang, K Farrag, AR Fazely, A Fedynitch, N Feigl, C Finley, L Fischer, D Fox, A Franckowiak, S Fukami, P Fürst, J Gallagher, E Ganster, A Garcia, M Garcia, G Garg, E Genton, L Gerhardt, A Ghadimi, T Glüsenkamp, JG Gonzalez, S Goswami, A Granados, D Grant, SJ Gray, S Griffin, S Griswold, KM Groth, D Guevel, C Günther, P Gutjahr, C Ha, C Haack, A Hallgren, L Halve, F Halzen, L Hamacher, M Ha Minh, M Handt, K Hanson, J Hardin, AA Harnisch, P Hatch, A Haungs, J Häußler, K Helbing, J Hellrung, B Henke, L Hennig, F Henningsen, L Heuermann, R Hewett, N Heyer, S Hickford, A Hidvegi, C Hill, GC Hill, R Hmaid, KD Hoffman, D Hooper, S Hori, K Hoshina, M Hostert, W Hou, M Hrywniak, T Huber, K Hultqvist, K Hymon, A Ishihara, W Iwakiri, M Jacquart, S Jain, O Janik, M Jansson, M Jeong, M Jin, N Kamp, D Kang, W Kang, X Kang, A Kappes, L Kardum, T Karg, M Karl, A Karle, A Katil, M Kauer, JL Kelley, M Khanal, A Khatee Zathul, A Kheirandish, H Kimku, J Kiryluk, C Klein, SR Klein, Y Kobayashi, A Kochocki, R Koirala, H Kolanoski, T Kontrimas, L Köpke, C Kopper, DJ Koskinen, P Koundal, M Kowalski, T Kozynets, A Kravka, N Krieger, J Krishnamoorthi, T Krishnan, K Kruiswijk, E Krupczak, A Kumar, E Kun, N Kurahashi, N Lad, C Lagunas Gualda, L Lallement Arnaud, M Lamoureux, MJ Larson, F Lauber, JP Lazar, K Leonard DeHolton, A Leszczyńska, J Liao, C Lin, QR Liu, YT Liu, M Liubarska, C Love, L Lu, F Lucarelli, W Luszczak, Y Lyu, M Macdonald, J Madsen, E Magnus, Y Makino, E Manao, S Mancina, A Mand, IC Mariş, S Marka, Z Marka, L Marten, I Martinez-Soler, R Maruyama, J Mauro, F Mayhew, F McNally, JV Mead, K Meagher, S Mechbal, A Medina, M Meier, Y Merckx, L Merten, J Mitchell, L Molchany, S Mondal, T Montaruli, RW Moore, Y Morii, A Mosbrugger, M Moulai, D Mousadi, E Moyaux, T Mukherjee, R Naab, M Nakos, U Naumann, J Necker, L Neste, M Neumann, H Niederhausen, MU Nisa, K Noda, A Noell, A Novikov, A Obertacke, V O'Dell, A Olivas, R Orsoe, J Osborn, E O'Sullivan, V Palusova, H Pandya, A Parenti, N Park, V Parrish, EN Paudel, L Paul, C Pà rez de los Heros, T Pernice, TC Petersen, J Peterson, M Plum, A Pontén, V Poojyam, Y Popovych, M Prado Rodriguez, B Pries, R Procter-Murphy, GT Przybylski, L Pyras, C Raab, J Rack-Helleis, N Rad, M Ravn, K Rawlins, Z Rechav, A Rehman, I Reistroffer, E Resconi, S Reusch, CD Rho, W Rhode, L Ricca, B Riedel, A Rifaie, EJ Roberts, M Rongen, A Rosted, C Rott, T Ruhe, L Ruohan, D Ryckbosch, J Saffer, D Salazar-Gallegos, P Sampathkumar, A Sandrock, G Sanger-Johnson, M Santander, S Sarkar, J Savelberg, M Scarnera, P Schaile, M Schaufel, H Schieler, S Schindler, L Schlickmann, B Schlüter, F Schlüter, N Schmeisser, T Schmidt, FG Schröder, L Schumacher, S Schwirn, S Sclafani, D Seckel, L Seen, M Seikh, S Seunarine, PA Sevle Myhr, R Shah, S Shefali, N Shimizu, B Skrzypek, R Snihur, J Soedingrekso, A Søgaard, D Soldin, P Soldin, G Sommani, C Spannfellner, GM Spiczak, C Spiering, J Stachurska, M Stamatikos, T Stanev, T Stezelberger, T Stürwald, T Stuttard, GW Sullivan, I Taboada, S Ter-Antonyan, A Terliuk, A Thakuri, M Thiesmeyer, WG Thompson, J Thwaites, S Tilav, K Tollefson, S Toscano, D Tosi, A Trettin, AK Upadhyay, K Upshaw, A Vaidyanathan, N Valtonen-Mattila, J Valverde, J Vandenbroucke, T Van Eeden, N van Eijndhoven, L Van Rootselaar, J van Santen, J Vara, F Varsi, M Venugopal, M Vereecken, S Vergara Carrasco, S Verpoest, D Veske, A Vijai, J Villarreal, C Walck, A Wang, EHS Warrick, C Weaver, P Weigel, A Weindl, J Weldert, AY Wen, C Wendt, J Werthebach, M Weyrauch, N Whitehorn, CH Wiebusch, DR Williams, L Witthaus, M Wolf, G Wrede, XW Xu, JP Yanez, Y Yao, E Yildizci, S Yoshida, R Young, F Yu, S Yu, T Yuan, A Zander Jurowitzki, A Zegarelli, S Zhang, Z Zhang, P Zhelnin, P Zilberman
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Measurement of the mean number of muons with energies above 500 GeV in air showers detected with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

Physical Review D American Physical Society (APS) 112:8 (2025) 082004

Authors:

R Abbasi, M Ackermann, J Adams, SK Agarwalla, JA Aguilar, M Ahlers, JM Alameddine, NM Amin, K Andeen, C Argüelles, Y Ashida, S Athanasiadou, SN Axani, R Babu, X Bai, J Baines-Holmes, A Balagopal V., SW Barwick, S Bash, V Basu, R Bay, JJ Beatty, J Becker Tjus, P Behrens, J Beise, C Bellenghi, B Benkel, S BenZvi, D Berley, E Bernardini, DZ Besson, E Blaufuss, L Bloom, S Blot, I Bodo, F Bontempo, JY Book Motzkin, C Boscolo Meneguolo, S Böser, O Botner, J Böttcher, J Braun, B Brinson, Z Brisson-Tsavoussis, RT Burley, D Butterfield, MA Campana, K Carloni, J Carpio, S Chattopadhyay, N Chau, Z Chen, D Chirkin, S Choi, BA Clark, A Coleman, P Coleman, GH Collin, A Connolly, JM Conrad, R Corley, DF Cowen, C De Clercq, JJ DeLaunay, D Delgado, T Delmeulle, S Deng, P Desiati, KD de Vries, G de Wasseige, T DeYoung, JC Díaz-Vélez, S DiKerby, M Dittmer, A Domi, L Draper, L Dueser, D Durnford, K Dutta, MA DuVernois, T Ehrhardt, L Eidenschink, A Eimer, P Eller, E Ellinger, D Elsässer, R Engel, H Erpenbeck, W Esmail, S Eulig, J Evans, PA Evenson, KL Fan, K Fang, K Farrag, AR Fazely, A Fedynitch, N Feigl, C Finley, L Fischer, D Fox, A Franckowiak, S Fukami, P Fürst, J Gallagher, E Ganster, A Garcia, M Garcia, G Garg, E Genton, L Gerhardt, A Ghadimi, C Glaser, T Glüsenkamp, JG Gonzalez, S Goswami, A Granados, D Grant, SJ Gray, S Griffin, S Griswold, KM Groth, D Guevel, C Günther, P Gutjahr, C Ha, C Haack, A Hallgren, L Halve, F Halzen, L Hamacher, M Ha Minh, M Handt, K Hanson, J Hardin, AA Harnisch, P Hatch, A Haungs, J Häußler, K Helbing, J Hellrung, L Hennig, L Heuermann, R Hewett, N Heyer, S Hickford, A Hidvegi, C Hill, GC Hill, R Hmaid, KD Hoffman, D Hooper, S Hori, K Hoshina, M Hostert, W Hou, T Huber, K Hultqvist, K Hymon, A Ishihara, W Iwakiri, M Jacquart, S Jain, O Janik, M Jeong, M Jin, N Kamp, D Kang, X Kang, A Kappes, L Kardum, T Karg, M Karl, A Karle, A Katil, M Kauer, JL Kelley, M Khanal, A Khatee Zathul, A Kheirandish, H Kimku, J Kiryluk, C Klein, SR Klein, Y Kobayashi, A Kochocki, R Koirala, H Kolanoski, T Kontrimas, L Köpke, C Kopper, DJ Koskinen, P Koundal, M Kowalski, T Kozynets, N Krieger, J Krishnamoorthi, T Krishnan, K Kruiswijk, E Krupczak, A Kumar, E Kun, N Kurahashi, N Lad, C Lagunas Gualda, L Lallement Arnaud, M Lamoureux, MJ Larson, F Lauber, JP Lazar, K Leonard DeHolton, A Leszczyńska, J Liao, YT Liu, M Liubarska, C Love, L Lu, F Lucarelli, W Luszczak, Y Lyu, J Madsen, E Magnus, KBM Mahn, Y Makino, E Manao, S Mancina, A Mand, IC Mariş, S Marka, Z Marka, L Marten, I Martinez-Soler, R Maruyama, F Mayhew, F McNally, JV Mead, K Meagher, S Mechbal, A Medina, M Meier, Y Merckx, L Merten, J Mitchell, L Molchany, T Montaruli, RW Moore, Y Morii, A Mosbrugger, M Moulai, D Mousadi, T Mukherjee, R Naab, M Nakos, U Naumann, J Necker, L Neste, M Neumann, H Niederhausen, MU Nisa, K Noda, A Noell, A Novikov, A Obertacke Pollmann, V O’Dell, A Olivas, R Orsoe, J Osborn, E O’Sullivan, V Palusova, H Pandya, A Parenti, N Park, V Parrish, EN Paudel, L Paul, C Pérez de los Heros, T Pernice, J Peterson, M Plum, A Pontén, V Poojyam, Y Popovych, M Prado Rodriguez, B Pries, R Procter-Murphy, GT Przybylski, L Pyras, C Raab, J Rack-Helleis, N Rad, M Ravn, K Rawlins, Z Rechav, A Rehman, I Reistroffer, E Resconi, S Reusch, CD Rho, W Rhode, B Riedel, A Rifaie, EJ Roberts, S Robertson, M Rongen, A Rosted, C Rott, T Ruhe, L Ruohan, J Saffer, D Salazar-Gallegos, P Sampathkumar, A Sandrock, G Sanger-Johnson, M Santander, S Sarkar, J Savelberg, P Schaile, M Schaufel, H Schieler, S Schindler, L Schlickmann, B Schlüter, F Schlüter, N Schmeisser, T Schmidt, FG Schröder, L Schumacher, S Schwirn, S Sclafani, D Seckel, L Seen, M Seikh, S Seunarine, PA Sevle Myhr, R Shah, S Shefali, N Shimizu, B Skrzypek, R Snihur, J Soedingrekso, A Søgaard, D Soldin, P Soldin, G Sommani, C Spannfellner, GM Spiczak, C Spiering, J Stachurska, M Stamatikos, T Stanev, T Stezelberger, T Stürwald, T Stuttard, GW Sullivan, I Taboada, S Ter-Antonyan, A Terliuk, A Thakuri, M Thiesmeyer, WG Thompson, J Thwaites, S Tilav, K Tollefson, S Toscano, D Tosi, A Trettin, AK Upadhyay, K Upshaw, A Vaidyanathan, N Valtonen-Mattila, J Valverde, J Vandenbroucke, T Van Eeden, N van Eijndhoven, J van Santen, J Vara, F Varsi, M Venugopal, M Vereecken, S Vergara Carrasco, S Verpoest, D Veske, A Vijai, J Villarreal, C Walck, A Wang, E Warrick, C Weaver, P Weigel, A Weindl, AY Wen, C Wendt, J Werthebach, M Weyrauch, N Whitehorn, CH Wiebusch, DR Williams, L Witthaus, M Wolf, G Wrede, XW Xu, JP Yañez, Y Yao, E Yildizci, S Yoshida, R Young, F Yu, S Yu, T Yuan, A Zegarelli, S Zhang, Z Zhang, P Zhelnin, P Zilberman

Abstract:

We present a measurement of the mean number of muons with energies larger than 500 GeV in near-vertical extensive air showers initiated by cosmic rays with primary energies between 2.5 and 100 PeV. The measurement is based on events detected in coincidence between the surface and in-ice detectors of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Air showers are recorded on the surface by IceTop, while a bundle of high-energy muons (TeV muons) from the shower can subsequently produce a tracklike event in the IceCube in-ice array. Results are obtained assuming the hadronic interaction models Sibyll 2.1, QGSJet-II.04, and EPOS-LHC. The measured number of TeV muons is found to be in agreement with predictions from air-shower simulations. The results have also been compared to a measurement of low-energy muons by IceTop, indicating an inconsistency between the predictions for low- and high-energy muons in simulations based on the EPOS-LHC model.
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Prospects for dark matter observations in dwarf spheroidal galaxies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory

(2025)

Authors:

K Abe, S Abe, J Abhir, A Abhishek, F Acero, A Acharyya, R Adam, A Aguasca-Cabot, I Agudo, A Aguirre-Santaella, J Alfaro, R Alfaro, C Alispach, R Alves Batista, J-P Amans, E Amato, G Ambrosi, D Ambrosino, F Ambrosino, L Angel, LA Antonelli, C Aramo, C Arcaro, K Asano, Y Ascasibar, L Augusto Stuani, M Backes, C Balazs, M Balbo, A Baquero Larriva, V Barbosa Martins, JA Barrio, L Barrios-Jiménez, C Bartolini, PI Batista, I Batković, R Batzofin, J Becerra González, G Beck, J Becker Tjus, W Benbow, D Berge, E Bernardini, J Bernete, A Berti, B Bertucci, V Beshley, P Bhattacharjee, S Bhattacharyya, C Bigongiari, A Biland, E Bissaldi, O Blanch, J Blazek, G Bonnoli, A Bonollo, Z Bosnjak, E Bottacini, M Böttcher, T Bringmann, E Bronzini, R Brose, G Brunelli, J Buces Sáez, M Bunse, L Burmistrov, M Burton, PG Calisse, A Campoy-Ordaz, BK Cantlay, G Capasso, A Caproni, R Capuzzo-Dolcetta, P Caraveo, S Caroff, R Carosi, E Carquin, M-S Carrasco, E Cascone, G Castignani, AJ Castro-Tirado, D Cerasole, M Cerruti, A Cervià O Cortínez, PM Chadwick, Y Chai, S Chaty, AW Chen, Y Chen, M Chernyakova, A Chiavassa, G Chon, J Chudoba, GM Cicciari, A Cifuentes, CH Coimbra Araujo, M Colapietro, V Conforti, JL Contreras, B Cornejo, J Cortina, A Costa, H Costantini, G Cotter, P Cristofari, O Cuevas, Z Curtis-Ginsberg, G D'Amico, F D'Ammando, L David, F Dazzi, A De Angelis, M de Bony de Lavergne, F De Frondat Laadim, EM de Gouveia Dal Pino, B De Lotto, M de Naurois, G De Palma, V de Souza, R Del Burgo, L del Peral, MV del Valle, C Delgado, D della Volpe, D Depaoli, T Di Girolamo, A Di Piano, F Di Pierro, R Di Tria, L Di Venere, S Diebold, A Dinesh, J Djuvsland, A Donini, J Dörner, M Doro, C Duangchan, L Ducci, VV Dwarkadas, J Ebr, C Eckner, K Egberts, D Elsässer, G Emery, C Escaà uela Nieves, P Escarate, M Escobar Godoy, P Esposito, S Ettori, D Falceta-Goncalves, E Fedorova, S Fegan, Q Feng, G Ferrand, F Ferrarotto, E Fiandrini, A Fiasson, M Filipovic, V Fioretti, L Foffano, G Fontaine, F Frías García-Lago, Y Fukazawa, Y Fukui, A Furniss, G Galanti, G Galaz, S Gallozzi, V Gammaldi, S García Soto, M Garczarczyk, C Gasbarra, D Gasparrini, M Gaug, S Germani, A Ghalumyan, F Gianotti, JG Giesbrecht Formiga Paiva, N Giglietto, F Giordano, R Giuffrida, J-F Glicenstein, J Glombitza, P Goldoni, JM González, J Goulart Coelho, T Gradetzke, J Granot, L Gréaux, D Green, JG Green, G Grolleron, LMV Guedes, O Gueta, D Hadasch, P Hamal, W Hanlon, S Hara, VM Harvey, T Hassan, K Hayashi, B Heß, L Heckmann, M Heller, N Hiroshima, B Hnatyk, R Hnatyk, D Hoffmann, W Hofmann, D Horan, P Horvath, D Hrupec, S Hussain, M Iarlori, T Inada, F Incardona, S Inoue, Y Inoue, F Iocco, A Iuliano, Jahanvi, M Jamrozy, P Janecek, F Jankowsky, C Jarnot, I Jaroschewski, P Jean, I Jimà nez Martínez, W Jin, J Jurysek, O Kalekin, V Karas, J Kataoka, S Kaufmann, D Kazanas, T Keita, D Kerszberg, DB Kieda, R Kissmann, W Kluźniak, K Kohri, D Kolar, N Komin, P Kornecki, G Kowal, H Kubo, J Kushida, A La Barbera, N La Palombara, B Lacave, M Láinez, A Lamastra, J Lapington, S Lazarević, J-P Lenain, F Leone, E Leonora, Y Li, E Lindfors, M Linhoff, S Lombardi, F Longo, R López-Coto, M López-Moya, A López-Oramas, S Loporchio, J Lozano Bahilo, H Luciani, PL Luque-Escamilla, E Lyard, O Macias, J Mackey, P Majumdar, D Malyshev, D Mandat, S Mangano, G Manicò, A Marchetti, M Mariotti, I Márquez, G Marsella, D Martín Domínguez, GA Martínez, M Martínez, O Martinez, D Mazin, AJTS Mello, J Mà ndez Gallego, S Menon, S Mereghetti, DM-A Meyer, M Meyer, D Miceli, M Miceli, M Michailidis, T Miener, JM Miranda, A Mitchell, M Molero, C Molfese, M Molina Delicado, E Molina, T Montaruli, A Moralejo, A Moreno Ramos, A Morselli, E Moulin, V Moya Zamanillo, K Munari, T Murach, A Muraczewski, H Muraishi, T Nakamori, R Nemmen, JP Neto, J Niemiec, D Nieto, M Nievas Rosillo, M Nikołajuk, K Nishijima, K Noda, D Nosek, V Novotny, S Nozaki, A Okumura, J-F Olive, RA Ong, R Orito, M Orlandini, E Orlando, S Orlando, J Otero-Santos, I Oya, M Ozlati Moghadam, A Pagliaro, M Palatiello, A Pandey, G Panebianco, D Paneque, FR Pantaleo, R Paoletti, JM Paredes, N Parmiggiani, B Patricelli, M Pech, M Pecimotika, M Peresano, A Pà rez Aguilera, J Pà rez-Romero, G Peron, F Perrotta, M Persic, O Petruk, F Pfeifle, E Pietropaolo, L Pinchbeck, F Pintore, G Pirola, C Pittori, F Podobnik, M Pohl, V Poireau, V Pollet, G Ponti, C Pozo González, E Prandini, G Principe, M Prouza, E Pueschel, G Pühlhofer, ML Pumo, A Quirrenbach, S Rainò, R Rando, S Recchia, M Regeard, A Reimer, O Reimer, I Reis, A Reisenegger, W Rhode, M Ribó, C Ricci, T Richtler, J Rico, F Rieger, L Riitano, C Ríos, V Rizi, E Roache, G Rodríguez-Fernández, MD Rodríguez Frías, JJ Rodríguez-Vázquez, P Romano, G Romeo, J Rosado, A Rosales de Leon, G Rowell, A Roy, B Rudak, A Ruina, E Ruiz-Velasco, FS Queiroz, I Sadeh, L Saha, H Salzmann, M Sánchez-Conde, P Sangiorgi, H Sano, R Santos-Lima, V Sapienza, S Sarkar, FG Saturni, S Savarese, V Savchenko, A Scherer, F Schiavone, P Schipani, F Schussler, D Sengupta, O Sergijenko, V Sguera, H Siejkowski, G Silvestri, A Simongini, C Siqueira, V Sliusar, I Sofia, H Sol, D Spiga, S Spinello, A Stamerra, S Stanič, T Starecki, R Starling, T Stolarczyk, Y Suda, H Tajima, M Takahashi, R Takeishi, SJ Tanaka, LA Tejedor, M Teshima, V Testa, WW Tian, L Tibaldo, O Tibolla, SJ Tingay, F Tombesi, D Tonev, F Torradeflot, DF Torres, N Tothill, A Tramacere, P Travnicek, A Trois, S Truzzi, A Tutone, M Vacula, C van Eldik, J Vandenbroucke, V Vassiliev, M Và zquez Acosta, M Vecchi, S Ventura, S Vercellone, G Verna, I Viale, A Viana, N Viaux, A Vigliano, J Vignatti, CF Vigorito, E Visentin, V Vitale, V Voitsekhovskyi, S Vorobiov, G Voutsinas, R Walter, M Wechakama, M White, A Wierzcholska, F Wohlleben, F Xotta, R Yamazaki, Y Yao, T Yoshikoshi, D Zavrtanik, M Zavrtanik, A Zech, W Zhang, VI Zhdanov, M Živec, J Zuriaga-Puig
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Dark matter EFT landscape probed by QUEST-DMC

Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics IOP Publishing 2025:10 (2025) 44

Authors:

N Darvishi, S Autti, L Bloomfield, A Casey, N Eng, Paolo Franchini, Rp Haley, Pj Heikkinen, A Jennings, A Kemp, Elizabeth Leason, John March-Russell, A Mayer, Jocelyn Monroe, D Münstermann, Mt Noble, Jr Prance, X Rojas, T Salmon, J Saunders, J Smirnov, R Smith, Md Thompson, A Thomson, A Ting, V Tsepelin, Sm West, L Whitehead, De Zmeev

Abstract:

We present the projected sensitivity to non-relativistic Effective Field Theory (EFT) operators for dark matter (DM) direct detection using the QUEST-DMC experiment. QUEST-DMC employs superfluid Helium-3 as a target medium and measures energy deposition via nanomechanical resonators with SQUID-based readout to probe DM interactions. The experiment aims to explore new parameter space in the sub-GeV mass range, probing light DM and a broad range of interaction models. We analyse the sensitivity to a complete set of fourteen independent non-relativistic EFT operators, each parameterised by a Wilson coefficient that quantifies the strength of DM interactions with Standard Model particles. For each interaction channel, we determine the corresponding sensitivity ceiling due to attenuation of the DM flux incident on the detector, caused by DM scattering in the Earth and atmosphere. As a key component of this analysis, we provide the mapping between the non-relativistic EFT operators and the relativistic bilinear DM-nucleon interactions, and assess the interaction sensitivity to sub-GeV DM in the QUEST-DMC detector. Our findings demonstrate that QUEST-DMC provides a unique probe of DM interactions, particularly in previously unexplored parameter space for momentum- and velocity-dependent interactions, thereby expanding the search for viable DM candidates beyond traditional weakly interacting massive particles.
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