Solar system

Abstract:

Misconceptions are understandings of concepts that are not in accordance with scientific concepts. Teachers have the potential to experience misconceptions and misconceptions that occur in teachers can result in students also experiencing misconceptions. Research that examines science misconceptions in elementary school teachers is still rare, so there is a need for research examining science misconceptions in elementary school teachers, especially in elementary school teachers who are certified educators. Therefore, this study aims at determining whether science misconceptions occur in elementary school teachers with teaching certificates or not and how much misconceptions are experienced and the misconceptions occurred. This study employs descriptive quantitative by involving 17 certified elementary school teachers who are classroom teachers teaching several subjects in elementary schools including science subjects. Data collection was done by conducting a four tier misconception diagnosis test and the result was analyzed using by referring to four tier test concept developed by various researchers. The findings indicated that primary school teachers possessing teaching certificates exhibited science misconceptions at a rate of 22%, placing them in the low category of scientific understanding at 66%. Despite the relatively low occurrence of misconceptions, it is advisable for certified primary school teachers to further enhance their grasp of the concepts they impart to prevent any potential hindrance to the learning process

Abstract:

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The gas giant HD 80606 b has a highly eccentric orbit (e ∼ 0.93). The variation due to the rapid shift of stellar irradiation provides a unique opportunity to probe the physical and chemical timescales and to study the interplay between climate dynamics and atmospheric chemistry. In this work, we present integrated models to study the atmospheric responses and the underlying physical and chemical mechanisms of HD 80606 b. We first run three-dimensional general circulation models (GCMs) to establish the atmospheric thermal and dynamical structures for different atmospheric metallicities and internal heat. Based on the GCM output, we then adopted a 1D time-dependent photochemical model to investigate the compositional variation along the eccentric orbit. The transition of the circulation patterns of HD 80606 b matched the dynamics regimes in previous works. Our photochemical models show that efficient vertical mixing leads to deep quench levels of the major carbon and nitrogen species and the quenching behavior does not change throughout the eccentric orbit. Instead, photolysis is the main driver of the time-dependent chemistry. While CH4 dominates over CO through most of the orbits, a transient state of [CO]/[CH4] &amp;gt; 1 after periastron is confirmed for all metallicity and internal heat cases. The upcoming JWST Cycle 1 GO program will be able to track this real-time CH4–CO conversion and infer the chemical timescale. Furthermore, sulfur species initiated by sudden heating and photochemical forcing exhibit both short-term and long-term cycles, opening an interesting avenue for detecting sulfur on exoplanets.</jats:p>

Abstract:

The study of isotopic ratios in planetary atmospheres gives an insight into the formation history and evolution of these objects. The more we can constrain these ratios, the better we can understand the history and future of our solar system. To help in this endeavour, we used Infrared Space Observatory Short Wavelength Spectrometer (ISO/SWS) Jupiter observations in the 793–1500 cm (Formula presented.) region together with the Nonlinear Optimal Estimator for MultivariatE Spectral analySIS (NEMESIS) radiative transfer suite to retrieve the temperature–pressure profile and the chemical abundances for various chemical species. We also used the 1500–2499 cm (Formula presented.) region to determine the cloud and aerosol structure of the upper troposphere. We obtained a best-fit simulated spectrum with (Formula presented.) for the 793–1500 cm (Formula presented.) region and (Formula presented.) for the 1500–2499 cm (Formula presented.) region. From the retrieved methane abundances, we obtained, within a 1 (Formula presented.) uncertainty, a (Formula presented.) C/ (Formula presented.) C ratio of 84 ± 27 and a D/H ratio of (3.5 ± 0.6) × 10 (Formula presented.), and these ratios are consistent with other published results from the literature.