Prof Michael Barnes

Abstract:

A new algorithm for toroidal flow shear in a linearly implicit, local δf gyrokinetic code is described. Unlike the current approach followed by a number of codes, it treats flow shear continuously in time. In the linear gyrokinetic equation, time-dependences arising from the presence of flow shear are decomposed in such a way that they can be treated explicitly in time with no stringent constraint on the time step. Flow shear related time dependences in the nonlinear term are taken into account exactly, and time dependences in the quasineutrality equation are interpolated. Test cases validating the continuous-in-time implementation in the code GS2 are presented. Lastly, nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of a JET discharge illustrate the differences observed in turbulent transport compared with the usual, discrete-in-time approach. The continuous-in-time approach is shown, in some cases, to produce fluxes that converge to a different value than with the discrete approach. The new approach can also lead to substantial computational savings by requiring radially narrower boxes. At fixed box size, the continuous implementation is only modestly slower than the previous, discrete approach.

Abstract:

We have used the local-δf gyrokinetic code GS2 to perform studies of the effect of flux-surface shaping on two highly-shaped, low- and high-β JT-60SA-relevant equilibria, including a successful benchmark with the GKV code. We find that for a high-performance plasma, i.e. one with high plasma beta and steep pressure gradients, the turbulent outwards radial fluxes may be reduced by minimizing the elongation. We explain the results as a competition between the local magnetic shear and finite-Larmor-radius (FLR) stabilization. Electromagnetic studies indicate that kinetic ballooning modes are stabilized by increased shaping due to an increased sensitivity to FLR effects, relative to the ion-temperature-gradient instability. Nevertheless, at high enough β, increased elongation degrades the local magnetic shear stabilization that enables access to the region of ballooning second-stability.