Shuaifeng Hu

Abstract:

Hole-collecting monolayers have greatly advanced the development of positive-intrinsic-negative perovskite solar cells (p-i-n PSCs). To date, however, most of the anchoring groups in the reported monolayer materials are designed to bind to the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) surface, resulting in less availability for other functions such as tuning the wettability of the monolayer surface. In this work, we developed two anchorable molecules, 4PATTI-C3 and 4PATTI-C4, by employing a saddle-like indole-fused cyclooctatetraene as a π-core with four phosphonic acid anchoring groups linked through propyl or butyl chains. Both molecules form monolayers on TCO substrates. Thanks to the saddle shape of a cyclooctatetraene skeleton, two of the four phosphonic acid anchoring groups were found to point upward, resulting in hydrophilic surfaces. Compared to the devices using 4PATTI-C4 as the hole-collecting monolayer, 4PATTI-C3-based devices exhibit a faster hole-collection process, leading to higher power conversion efficiencies of up to 21.7 % and 21.4 % for a mini-cell (0.1 cm²) and a mini-module (1.62 cm²), respectively, together with good operational stability. This work represents how structural modification of multipodal molecules could substantially modulate the functions of the hole-collecting monolayers after being adsorbed onto TCO substrates.

Abstract:

Hole-collecting monolayers have greatly advanced the development of positive-intrinsic-negative perovskite solar cells (p-i-n PSCs). To date, however, most of the anchoring groups in the reported monolayer materials are designed to bind to the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) surface, resulting in less availability for other functions such as tuning the wettability of the monolayer surface. In this work, we developed two anchorable molecules, 4PATTI-C3 and 4PATTI-C4, by employing a saddle-like indole-fused cyclooctatetraene as a π-core with four phosphonic acid anchoring groups linked through propyl or butyl chains. Both molecules form monolayers on TCO substrates. Thanks to the saddle shape of a cyclooctatetraene skeleton, two of the four phosphonic acid anchoring groups were found to point upward, resulting in hydrophilic surfaces. Compared to the devices using 4PATTI-C4 as the hole-collecting monolayer, 4PATTI-C3-based devices exhibit a faster hole-collection process, leading to higher power conversion efficiencies of up to 21.7 % and 21.4 % for a mini-cell (0.1 cm2) and a mini-module (1.62 cm2), respectively, together with good operational stability. This work represents how structural modification of multipodal molecules could substantially modulate the functions of the hole-collecting monolayers after being adsorbed onto TCO substrates.

Abstract:

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with an "inverted" architecture are a key pathway for commercializing this emerging photovoltaic technology due to the better power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability as compared to the "normal" device structure. Specifically, PCEs of the inverted PSCs have exceeded 25% owing to the development of improved self-assembled molecules (SAMs)^1-5 and passivation strategies^6-8. Nevertheless, poor wettability and agglomerations of SAMs^9-12 will cause interfacial losses, impeding further improvement in PCE and stability. Herein, we report on molecular hybrid at the buried interface in inverted PSCs by co-assembling a multiple carboxylic acid functionalized aromatic compound of 4,4',4''-nitrilotribenzoicacid (NA) with a popular SAM of [4-(3,6-dime-thyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz) to improve the heterojunction interface. The molecular hybrid of Me-4PACz with NA could substantially improve the interfacial characteristics. The resulting inverted PSCs demonstrated a record-certified steady-state efficiency of 26.54%. Crucially, this strategy aligns seamlessly with large-scale manufacturing, achieving the highest certified PCE for inverted mini-modules at 22.74% (aperture area: 11.1 cm²). Our device also maintained 96.1% of its initial PCE after more than 2,400 hours of 1-sun operation in ambient air.

Abstract:

Relative populations of the four energy-lowest IPR (isolated-pentagon-rule) isomers of Er@C82 under the high-temperature synthetic conditions are computed using the Gibbs energy based on characteristics from the density functional theory calculations (B3LYP/6-31+G*∼SDD energetics, B3LYP/6-31G*∼SDD entropy). Two leading isomers are predicted - Er@ (Formula presented.) -C82 and Er@ (Formula presented.) -C82. The calculated equilibrium isomeric relative populations agree with available observations. As Er@C82 is one of the metallofullerenes recently used as dopants for improvement of efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells, the calculations should help in finding rules for further selections of fullerene endohedrals for such new applications in photovoltaics.

Abstract:

High-quality perovskite polycrystalline thin films are generally achieved through antisolvent-assisted crystallization, a crucial process that facilitates desolvation. However, antisolvent method is limited by issues of toxicity and fabrication complexity. Here, we introduce a “binary volatile additive” strategy using methylammonium chloride (MACl) and trifluoroacetamide (TFAA) in dimethylformamide/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone co-solvent system, enabling end-to-end management of antisolvent-free crystallization process. Combining in-situ characterizations and DFT calculations, we prove that TFAA adjusts coordination with perovskite intermediates, facilitating solvent removal and promoting the formation of nuclei, while MACl reduces the formation energy of α-phase formamidinium-based perovskite. Moreover, TFAA not only releases the residual strain caused by MACl, but also in combination with MACl, synergistically widens crystallization window and regulates ripening process, allowing for precise fabrication of homogeneous perovskite films with suppressed defects. By employing the “binary volatile additive” approach, we achieve perovskite solar cells with a power conversion efficiency up to 22.4% and elongated storage life (93% PCE retention over 1000 hours). Our study offers a simple and sustainable approach to produce high-quality perovskite films without the acquisition of antisolvent, streamlining the fabrication process.