Galaxy formation and evolution

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Euclid: Early Release Observations – A preview of the Euclid era through a galaxy cluster magnifying lens

Astronomy & Astrophysics EDP Sciences 697 (2025) a15

Authors:

H Atek, R Gavazzi, JR Weaver, JM Diego, T Schrabback, NA Hatch, N Aghanim, H Dole, WG Hartley, S Taamoli, G Congedo, Y Jimenez-Teja, J-C Cuillandre, E Bañados, S Belladitta, RAA Bowler, M Franco, M Jauzac, G Mahler, J Richard, P-F Rocci, S Serjeant, S Toft, D Abriola, P Bergamini, A Biviano, P Dimauro, M Ezziati, JB Golden-Marx, C Grillo, ACN Hughes, Y Kang, J-P Kneib, M Lombardi, GA Mamon, CJR McPartland, M Meneghetti, H Miyatake, M Montes, DJ Mortlock, PA Oesch, N Okabe, P Rosati, AN Taylor, F Tarsitano, J Weller, M Kluge, R Laureijs, S Paltani, T Saifollahi, M Schirmer, C Stone, A Mora, B Altieri, A Amara, S Andreon, N Auricchio, M Baldi, A Balestra, S Bardelli, A Basset, R Bender, C Bodendorf, D Bonino, E Branchini, M Brescia, J Brinchmann, S Camera, GP Candini, V Capobianco, C Carbone, VF Cardone, J Carretero, S Casas, FJ Castander, M Castellano, S Cavuoti, A Cimatti, CJ Conselice, L Conversi, Y Copin, L Corcione, F Courbin, HM Courtois, A Da Silva, H Degaudenzi, AM Di Giorgio, J Dinis, M Douspis, F Dubath, X Dupac, S Dusini, A Ealet, M Farina, S Farrens, S Ferriol, S Fotopoulou, M Frailis, E Franceschi, S Galeotta, W Gillard, B Gillis, C Giocoli, P Gómez-Alvarez, A Grazian, F Grupp, L Guzzo, M Hailey, SVH Haugan, J Hoar, H Hoekstra, MS Holliman, W Holmes, I Hook, F Hormuth, A Hornstrup, P Hudelot, K Jahnke, M Jhabvala, E Keihänen, S Kermiche, A Kiessling, T Kitching, R Kohley, B Kubik, K Kuijken, M Kümmel, M Kunz, H Kurki-Suonio, O Lahav, D Le Mignant, S Ligori, PB Lilje, V Lindholm, I Lloro, D Maino, E Maiorano, O Mansutti, O Marggraf, K Markovic, N Martinet, F Marulli, R Massey, S Maurogordato, HJ McCracken, S Mei, Y Mellier, E Merlin, G Meylan, M Moresco, L Moscardini, R Nakajima, RC Nichol, S-M Niemi, C Padilla, K Paech, F Pasian, JA Peacock, K Pedersen, WJ Percival, V Pettorino, S Pires, G Polenta, M Poncet, LA Popa, L Pozzetti, F Raison, A Renzi, J Rhodes, G Riccio, E Romelli, M Roncarelli, R Saglia, D Sapone, P Schneider, A Secroun, G Seidel, S Serrano, C Sirignano, G Sirri, J Skottfelt, L Stanco, P Tallada-Crespí, HI Teplitz, I Tereno, R Toledo-Moreo, I Tutusaus, L Valenziano, T Vassallo, G Verdoes Kleijn, A Veropalumbo, Y Wang, E Zucca, C Baccigalupi, C Burigana, G Castignani, Z Sakr, V Scottez, M Viel, P Simon, D Stern, J Martín-Fleitas, D Scott
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Euclid: The Early Release Observations Lens Search Experiment

Astronomy & Astrophysics EDP Sciences 697 (2025) a14

Authors:

JA Acevedo Barroso, CM O’Riordan, B Clément, C Tortora, TE Collett, F Courbin, R Gavazzi, RB Metcalf, V Busillo, IT Andika, R Cabanac, HM Courtois, J Crook-Mansour, L Delchambre, G Despali, LR Ecker, A Franco, P Holloway, N Jackson, K Jahnke, G Mahler, L Marchetti, P Matavulj, A Melo, M Meneghetti, LA Moustakas, O Müller, AA Nucita, A Paulino-Afonso, J Pearson, K Rojas, C Scarlata, S Schuldt, S Serjeant, D Sluse, SH Suyu, M Vaccari, A Verma, G Vernardos, M Walmsley, H Bouy, GL Walth, DM Powell, M Bolzonella, J-C Cuillandre, M Kluge, T Saifollahi, M Schirmer, C Stone, A Acebron, L Bazzanini, A Díaz-Sánchez, NB Hogg, LVE Koopmans, S Kruk, L Leuzzi, A Manjón-García, F Mannucci, BC Nagam, R Pearce-Casey, L Scharré, J Wilde, B Altieri, A Amara, S Andreon, N Auricchio, C Baccigalupi, M Baldi, A Balestra, S Bardelli, A Basset, P Battaglia, R Bender, D Bonino, E Branchini, M Brescia, J Brinchmann, A Caillat, S Camera, GP Candini, V Capobianco, C Carbone, J Carretero, S Casas, M Castellano, G Castignani, S Cavuoti, A Cimatti, C Colodro-Conde, G Congedo, CJ Conselice, L Conversi, Y Copin, L Corcione, M Cropper, A Da Silva, H Degaudenzi, G De Lucia, J Dinis, F Dubath, X Dupac, S Dusini, M Farina, S Farrens, S Ferriol, M Frailis, E Franceschi, S Galeotta, B Garilli, K George, W Gillard, B Gillis, C Giocoli, P Gómez-Alvarez, A Grazian, F Grupp, L Guzzo, SVH Haugan, H Hoekstra, W Holmes, I Hook, F Hormuth, A Hornstrup, M Jhabvala, B Joachimi, E Keihänen, S Kermiche, A Kiessling, B Kubik, M Kunz, H Kurki-Suonio, D Le Mignant, S Ligori, PB Lilje, V Lindholm, I Lloro, G Mainetti, E Maiorano, O Mansutti, S Marcin, O Marggraf, M Martinelli, N Martinet, F Marulli, R Massey, E Medinaceli, M Melchior, Y Mellier, E Merlin, G Meylan, M Moresco, L Moscardini, E Munari, R Nakajima, C Neissner, RC Nichol, S-M Niemi, JW Nightingale, C Padilla, S Paltani, F Pasian, K Pedersen, WJ Percival, V Pettorino, S Pires, G Polenta, M Poncet, LA Popa, L Pozzetti, F Raison, R Rebolo, A Renzi, J Rhodes, G Riccio, E Romelli, M Roncarelli, E Rossetti, R Saglia, Z Sakr, AG Sánchez, D Sapone, P Schneider, T Schrabback, A Secroun, G Seidel, S Serrano, C Sirignano, G Sirri, J Skottfelt, L Stanco, J Steinwagner, P Tallada-Crespí, D Tavagnacco, AN Taylor, I Tereno, R Toledo-Moreo, F Torradeflot, I Tutusaus, EA Valentijn, L Valenziano, T Vassallo, Y Wang, J Weller, E Zucca, C Burigana, V Scottez, M Viel, D Scott, S Vegetti
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JADES: Differing assembly histories of galaxies

Astronomy & Astrophysics EDP Sciences 697 (2025) a88

Authors:

Tobias J Looser, Francesco D’Eugenio, Roberto Maiolino, Sandro Tacchella, Mirko Curti, Santiago Arribas, William M Baker, Stefi Baum, Nina Bonaventura, Kristan Boyett, Andrew J Bunker, Stefano Carniani, Stephane Charlot, Jacopo Chevallard, Emma Curtis-Lake, A Lola Danhaive, Daniel J Eisenstein, Anna de Graaff, Kevin Hainline, Zhiyuan Ji, Benjamin D Johnson, Nimisha Kumari, Erica Nelson, Eleonora Parlanti, Hans-Walter Rix, Brant Robertson, Bruno Rodríguez Del Pino, Lester Sandles, Jan Scholtz, Renske Smit, Daniel P Stark, Hannah Übler, Christina C Williams, Chris Willott, Joris Witstok
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JADES: The star formation and chemical enrichment history of a luminous galaxy at z ∼ 9.43 probed by ultra-deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy

Astronomy & Astrophysics EDP Sciences 697 (2025) a89

Authors:

Mirko Curti, Joris Witstok, Peter Jakobsen, Chiaki Kobayashi, Emma Curtis-Lake, Kevin Hainline, Xihan Ji, Francesco D’Eugenio, Jacopo Chevallard, Roberto Maiolino, Jan Scholtz, Stefano Carniani, Santiago Arribas, William M Baker, Rachana Bhatawdekar, Kristan Boyett, Andrew J Bunker, Alex Cameron, Phillip A Cargile, Stéphane Charlot, Daniel J Eisenstein, Zhiyuan Ji, Benjamin D Johnson, Nimisha Kumari, Michael V Maseda, Brant Robertson, Maddie S Silcock, Sandro Tacchella, Hannah Übler, Giacomo Venturi, Christina C Williams, Christopher NA Willmer, Chris Willott
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Euclid

Astronomy & Astrophysics EDP Sciences 697 (2025) ARTN A5

Authors:

Fj Castander, P Fosalba, J Stadel, D Potter, J Carretero, P Tallada-Crespí, L Pozzetti, M Bolzonella, Ga Mamon, L Blot, K Hoffmann, M Huertas-Company, P Monaco, Ej Gonzalez, G De Lucia, C Scarlata, M-A Breton, L Linke, C Viglione, S-S Li, Z Zhai, Z Baghkhani, K Pardede, C Neissner, R Teyssier, M Crocce, I Tutusaus, L Miller, G Congedo, A Biviano, M Hirschmann, A Pezzotta, H Aussel, H Hoekstra, T Kitching, Wj Percival, L Guzzo, Y Mellier, Pa Oesch, Raa Bowler, S Bruton, V Allevato, V Gonzalez-Perez, M Manera, S Avila, A Kovács, N Aghanim, B Altieri, A Amara, L Amendola

Abstract:

We present the Flagship galaxy mock, a simulated catalogue of billions of galaxies designed to support the scientific exploitation of the Euclid mission. Euclid is a medium-class mission of the European Space Agency optimised to determine the properties of dark matter and dark energy on the largest scales of the Universe. It probes structure formation over more than 10 billion years primarily from the combination of weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering data. The breadth of Euclid’s data will also foster a wide variety of scientific analyses. The Flagship simulation was developed to provide a realistic approximation to the galaxies that will be observed by Euclid and used in its scientific exploitation. We ran a state-of-the-art N-body simulation with four trillion particles, producing a lightcone on the fly. From the dark matter particles, we produced a catalogue of 16 billion haloes in one octant of the sky in the lightcone up to redshift z = 3. We then populated these haloes with mock galaxies using a halo occupation distribution and abundance-matching approach, calibrating the free parameters of the galaxy mock against observed correlations and other basic galaxy properties. Modelled galaxy properties include luminosity and flux in several bands, redshifts, positions and velocities, spectral energy distributions, shapes and sizes, stellar masses, star formation rates, metallicities, emission line fluxes, and lensing properties. We selected a final sample of 3.4 billion galaxies with a magnitude cut of HE < 26, where we are complete. We have performed a comprehensive set of validation tests to check the similarity to observational data and theoretical models. In particular, our catalogue is able to closely reproduce the main characteristics of the weak lensing and galaxy clustering samples to be used in the mission main cosmological analysis. Moreover, given its depth and completeness, this new galaxy mock also provides the community with a powerful tool for developing a wide range of scientific analyses beyond the Euclid mission.
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