Oxford Centre for High Energy Density Science (OxCHEDS)

Abstract:

The increase in the XUV mass absorption coefficient of liquid aluminium, produced by high-power-laser shock-compression, is measured using XUV laser radiography. At a photon energy of 63 eV a change in the mass absorption coefficient by up to a factor of ∼2.2 is determined at densities close to twice that of solid and electron temperatures of the order of 1 eV. Comparison with hydrodynamic simulations indicate that the absorption coefficient scales with density as ρ1.3±0.2.

Abstract:

We present some experimental results which demonstrate the presence of electric inhibition in the propagation of relativistic electrons generated by intense laser pulses, depending on target conductivity. The use of transparent targets and shadowgraphic techniques has made it possible to evidence electron jets moving at the speed of light, an indication of the presence of self-generated strong magnetic fields.

Abstract:

We present detailed simulations of the optical spectra emitted from an argon plasma whose conditions correspond to those thought to prevail within sonoluminescing bubbles. The model incorporates detailed atomic physics based on atomic data from the Opacity Project database, and includes bound-bound, bound-free and free-free transitions. Line broadening is treated using the modified semi-empirical method. The spectral model is used as a postprocessor of hydrodynamic simulations. While finding excellent agreement with the shape of experimental spectra, we calculate an intensity that is a factor of 100 greater than that in experiment. We also predict that whilst the majority of the optical emission corresponds to bound-free transitions, there remains the possibility of observing broad line emission in both the UV and IR regions of the spectrum.

Abstract:

Modern high-power lasers can generate extreme states of matter that are relevant to astrophysics, equation-of-state studies and fusion energy research. Laser-driven implosions of spherical polymer shells have, for example, achieved an increase in density of 1,000 times relative to the solid state. These densities are large enough to enable controlled fusion, but to achieve energy gain a small volume of compressed fuel (known as the 'spark') must be heated to temperatures of about 108 K (corresponding to thermal energies in excess of 10 keV). In the conventional approach to controlled fusion, the spark is both produced and heated by accurately timed shock waves, but this process requires both precise implosion symmetry and a very large drive energy. In principle, these requirements can be significantly relaxed by performing the compression and fast heating separately; however, this 'fast ignitor' approach also suffers drawbacks, such as propagation losses and deflection of the ultra-intense laser pulse by the plasma surrounding the compressed fuel. Here we employ a new compression geometry that eliminates these problems; we combine production of compressed matter in a laser-driven implosion with picosecond-fast heating by a laser pulse timed to coincide with the peak compression. Our approach therefore permits efficient compression and heating to be carried out simultaneously, providing a route to efficient fusion energy production.