Space instrumentation

Abstract:

Accurate measurement of the temperature, composition and dynamics of Jupiter's atmosphere is one of the main scientific goals of ESA's and NASA's Outer Planet Mission proposals. Infrared remote sounding provides a powerful tool for achieving these objectives and was used by Voyager/IRIS and Cassini/CIRS, but is insensitive to some altitudes and gases. The sub-millimetre wavelength (terahertz) region of the electromagnetic spectrum, which has not been significantly exploited to date in the discipline of planetary science, provides unique spectral information over a range of atmospheric pressures and, when combined with infrared data, is a powerful in situ planetary atmospheric sounder. We will describe a novel low mass and low power consumption combined terahertz/IR instrument proposed for inclusion on the Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter that will greatly improve our understanding of the atmosphere of Jupiter. Through the combination of high spectral resolution 2.2THz spectroscopy (R=10⁶) and lowspectral resolution IR radiometry, the entire temperature profile of the Jovian atmosphere from 0.6 to 10^-3 bar can be evaluated (filling in the currently unmeasured levels between 0.1 and 0.01 bar). In addition, the tropospheric and stratospheric composition can be determined (especially water vapour) and observations of the Doppler shifting of sub-millimetre lines can also be used to measure horizontal wind speeds.

Abstract:

We present the results of a design study for an integral field spectrograph as the "back-end" instrument for spectroscopy of exoplanets carried out in the context of the EPICS Phase A study. EPICS is the planet finder imager and spectrograph for the E-ELT. In our study we investigated the feasibility of an image slicer based integral field spectrograph and developed an optical design for the image slicer and the necessary pre-optics, as well as the spectrograph optics. We present a detailed analysis of the optical performance of the design. © 2010 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.

Abstract:

HARMONI is a proposed visible and near-infrared integral field spectrograph for the European Extremely Large Telescope. We are exploring the merits of adding a coronagraphic capability to HARMONI, specifically targeted at enabling observations of faint, nearby companions (primarily extra-solar planets) that require high contrast. Although HARMONI is not fed by extreme adaptive optics, we show that substantial contrasts can be achieved by post-processing of the hyperspectral data cube using spectral deconvolution. We make predictions of achievable contrast as a function of coronagraph design, based on realistic models of the telescope's aberrations. © 2010 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.