Theoretical astrophysics and plasma physics at RPC

Abstract:

According to current theories, tidal interactions between a disk and an embedded planet may lead to the rapid migration of the protoplanet on a timescale shorter than the disk lifetime or estimated planetary formation timescales. Therefore, planets can form only if there is a mechanism to hold at least some of the cores back on their way in. Once a giant planet has assembled, there also has to be a mechanism to prevent it from migrating down to the disk center. This paper reviews the different mechanisms that have been proposed to stop or slow down migration.

Abstract:

Using only the assumption that all interactions between particles in an accretion flow are electromagnetically mediated, it is shown that the time to establish equipartition between ions and electrons is shorter than the characteristic accretion time. Consequently, two-temperature fits to the spectra of accreting objects are unphysical, and models in which significant thermal energy is carried across the event horizon are effectively ruled out.

Abstract:

Evidence is summarized that suggests that when a protogalaxy collapses, a fraction $f$ of its gas fails to heat to the virial temperature, where $f$ is large for haloes less massive than the value $M^*$ associated with $L^*$ galaxies. Stars and galaxies form only from the cool gas fraction. Hot gas is ejected from low-mass systems as in conventional semi-analytic models of galaxy formation. In high-mass systems it is retained but does not cool and form stars. Instead it builds up as a largely inert atmosphere, in which cooling is inhibited by an episodically active galactic nucleus. Cold gas frequently falls into galactic haloes. In the absence of a dense atmosphere of virial-temperature gas it builds up on nearly circular orbits and forms stars. When there is a sufficiently dense hot atmosphere, cold infalling gas tends to be ablated and absorbed by the hot atmosphere before it can form stars. The picture nicely explains away the surfeit of high-luminosity galaxies that has recently plagued semi-analytic models of galaxy formation, replacing them by systems of moderate luminosity from old stars and large X-ray luminosities from hot gas.

Abstract:

We have observed 54 nearby spiral galaxies with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on the Hubble Space Telescope to obtain optical long-slit spectra of nuclear gas disks and STIS optical (∼R band) images of the central 5″ × 5′ of the galaxies. These spectra are being used to determine the velocity field of nuclear disks and hence to detect the presence of central massive black holes. Here we present the spectra for the successful observations. Dust obscuration can be significant at optical wavelengths, and so we also combine the STIS images with archival Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer H-band images to produce color maps to investigate the morphology of gas and dust in the central regions. We find a great variety in the different morphologies, from smooth distributions to well-defined nuclear spirals and dust lanes.