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Relativistic Jet from Black Hole

An artist's impression of a relativistic jet propagating away from a black hole at close to the speed of light. Such jets are formed by the inner regions of the accretion flow: matter flowing inwards towards the black hole, via processes which are not yet fully understood. The accretion flow emits primarily in X-rays, the relativistic jet in the radio band: by combing observations in each band we can try and understand how such jets form and how much energy they carry away from the black hole.

Professor Rob Fender

Professor of Astrophysics

Research theme

  • Astronomy and astrophysics

Sub department

  • Astrophysics

Research groups

  • Hintze Centre for Astrophysical Surveys
  • MeerKAT
  • Pulsars, transients and relativistic astrophysics
  • Rubin-LSST
  • The Square Kilometre Array (SKA)
  • Gamma-ray astronomy
Rob.Fender@physics.ox.ac.uk
Telephone: 01865 (2)73435
Denys Wilkinson Building, room 712
  • About
  • Publications

Fast X-ray/IR observations of the black hole transient Swift J1753.5–0127: From an IR lead to a very long jet lag

Astronomy & Astrophysics EDP Sciences 690 (2024) a239

Authors:

A Ulgiati, FM Vincentelli, P Casella, A Veledina, TJ Maccarone, DM Russell, P Uttley, F Ambrosino, MC Baglio, M Imbrogno, A Melandri, SE Motta, K O’Brien, A Sanna, T Shahbaz, D Altamirano, RP Fender, D Maitra, J Malzac
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The expansion of the GRB 221009A afterglow

Astronomy & Astrophysics EDP Sciences 690 (2024) a74

Authors:

S Giarratana, OS Salafia, M Giroletti, G Ghirlanda, L Rhodes, P Atri, B Marcote, J Yang, T An, G Anderson, JS Bright, W Farah, R Fender, JK Leung, SE Motta, M Pérez-Torres, AJ van der Horst
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The Radio Counterpart to the Fast X-ray Transient EP240414a

(2024)

Authors:

Joe S Bright, Francesco Carotenuto, Rob Fender, Carmen Choza, Andrew Mummery, Peter G Jonker, Stephen J Smartt, David R DeBoer, Wael Farah, James Matthews, Alexander W Pollak, Lauren Rhodes, Andrew Siemion
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Rocking the BOAT: the ups and downs of the long-term radio light curve for GRB 221009A

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Oxford University Press (OUP) 533:4 (2024) 4435-4449

Authors:

L Rhodes, AJ van der Horst, JS Bright, JK Leung, GE Anderson, R Fender, JF Agüí Fernandez, M Bremer, P Chandra, D Dobie, W Farah, S Giarratana, K Gourdji, DA Green, E Lenc, MJ Michałowski, T Murphy, AJ Nayana, AW Pollak, A Rowlinson, F Schussler, A Siemion, RLC Starling, P Scott, CC Thöne, D Titterington, A de Ugarte Postigo
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Constraining the physical properties of large-scale jets from black hole X-ray binaries and their impact on the local environment with blast-wave dynamical models

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Oxford University Press 533:4 (2024) 4188-4209

Authors:

Francesco Carotenuto, Robert Fender, Stéphane Corbel, Alexandra J Tetarenko, Andrzej A Zdziarski, Gulzar Shaik, Alexander J Cooper, Irene Di Palma

Abstract:

Relativistic discrete ejecta launched by black hole X-ray binaries (BH XRBs) can be observed to propagate up to parsec-scales from the central object. Observing the final deceleration phase of these jets is crucial to estimate their physical parameters and to reconstruct their full trajectory, with implications for the jet powering mechanism, composition, and formation. In this paper, we present the results of the modelling of the motion of the ejecta from three BH XRBs: MAXI J1820+070, MAXI J1535–571, and XTE J1752–223, for which high-resolution radio and X-ray observations of jets propagating up to ~15 arcsec (⁠~0.6 pc at 3 kpc) from the core have been published in the recent years. For each jet, we modelled its entire motion with a dynamical blast-wave model, inferring robust values for the jet Lorentz factor, inclination angle and ejection time. Under several assumptions associated to the ejection duration, the jet opening angle and the available accretion power, we are able to derive stringent constraints on the maximum jet kinetic energy for each source (between 1043 and 1044 erg, including also H1743–322), as well as placing interesting upper limits on the density of the ISM through which the jets are propagating (from nism≲0.4 cm−3 cm down to nism≲10−4 cm−3⁠). Overall, our results highlight the potential of applying models derived from gamma-ray bursts to the physics of jets from BH XRBs and support the emerging picture of these sources as preferentially embedded in low-density environments.
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