Julia Yeomans OBE FRS

Abstract:

Advances in controlling and exploiting the wetting and adsorption properties of complex fluids, such as liquid crystals, ionic liquids, colloids and active matter, have been fostered by impressive technical achievements allowing the fabrication of tailored surfaces with a well-controlled distribution of micro- or nano-scale features. Such patterned substrates may be used to control the properties of adsorbed fluids in ways relevant to applications including microfluidic devices, surfaces with switchable wettability, new generation liquid crystal displays, or supercapacitors for efficient energy storage. In this special issue we collect together experimental, theoretical and computational papers that showcase recent contributions to understanding complex fluids at structured surfaces. These underline the diversity of phenomena encountered when complex fluids interact with complex surfaces.

Abstract:

Active materials, bacteria, molecular motors, and self-propelled colloids, continuously transform chemical energy from the environment to mechanical work. Dense active matter, from layers of cells to flocks of birds, self-assembles into intricate patterns. Nature’s engines are complex and efficient, and we would like to exploit her ideas to fabricate nano-machines.

Abstract:

The spontaneous emergence of collective flows is a generic property of active fluids and often leads to chaotic flow patterns characterised by swirls, jets, and topological disclinations in their orientation field. However, the ability to achieve structured flows and ordered disclinations is of particular importance in the design and control of active systems. By confining an active nematic fluid within a channel, we find a regular motion of disclinations, in conjunction with a well defined and dynamic vortex lattice. As pairs of moving disclinations travel through the channel, they continually exchange partners producing a dynamic ordered state, reminiscent of Ceilidh dancing. We anticipate that this biomimetic ability to self-assemble organised topological disclinations and dynamically structured flow fields in engineered geometries will pave the road towards establishing new active topological microfluidic devices.

Abstract:

We introduce a solvable Lagrangian model for droplet bouncing. The model predicts that, for an axisymmetric drop, the contact time decreases to a constant value with increasing Weber number, in qualitative agreement with experiments, because the system is well approximated as a simple harmonic oscillator. We introduce asymmetries in the velocity, initial droplet shape, and contact line drag acting on the droplet and show that asymmetry can often lead to a reduced contact time and lift-off in an elongated shape. The model allows us to explain the mechanisms behind non-axisymmetric bouncing in terms of surface tension forces. Once the drop has an elliptical footprint the surface tension force acting on the longer sides is greater. Therefore the shorter axis retracts faster and, due to the incompressibility constraints, pumps fluid along the more extended droplet axis. This leads to a positive feedback, allowing the drop to jump in an elongated configuration, and more quickly.